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Some earlier structures were incorporated into the fortress, such as the tower of San Giovanni, an ancient basilica which became the castle’s chapel and the keep dedicated to Santo Martini.

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the castle incorporates some of the pre-existing southern town walls (which date back as far as the 13th century), and other pre-existing structures including the keep of Santo Martini, the San Giovanni tower and an ancient basilica which now serves as its chapel

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Around the middle of the 16th-century it became the last fortress of the Republic of Siena’s resistance against the Medici conquestand it’s this period that the external buttress dates to.

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The Montalcino Fortress was built in 1361 by Mino Foresi and Domenico di Feo, partly reusing the 13th-century foundations.