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Disagree. Apart from the prohibition of riba, Islamic finance does not allow uncertainty and speculative transactions. There are no options, short-selling and future due to prohibition against excessive uncertainty or risk shifting. There is no FX and insurance partly because of the prohibition against gambling and excessive uncertainty.

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Disagree. For an operating ijara, no transfer of ownership occurs. For the equivalent of a purchase lease, sale or other transfer of ownership is at the end of the ijara term.

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Disagree. Takaful is based on risk sharing rather than risk transfer and there is mutual assurance and joint guarantee. The payment is characterised as a donation or contribution, made by the participants with the sincere desire to take care of each other in the event of loss.