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Born in Boston, Massachusetts, he was an American printer and publisher, author, inventor, scientist, and diplomat. He helped draft the Declaration of Independance and was one of its signers. He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, and he represented the United States during the American Revolution.

(Martin)

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Maximilien Robespierre in full Maximilien-François-Marie-Isidore de Robespierre, was a lawyer and a politician. He is mostly known for overthowing "les Girondins" (the first group of people which led the first course of French revolution)  carrying out the reign of terror (as jacobins leader) which later brought him to his death by being executed in Thermidorian Reaction.

He wanted to bring out democracy in French but he used a bad method (executing people who were against revolution); which was forced by his altruism (love for giving back to people) however it turned, the other way round to a terror.

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Italian natural philosopher, astronomer and philosopher who made fundamental contributions to the sciences of motion, astronomy, and strength of materials and to the development of the scientific method.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss-born philosopher that took part in the 'mouvement des Lumières' ,writer, and political theorist whose treatises and novels inspired the leaders of the French Revolution and the Romantic generation. He also wrote the 'Contrat social' in which his main idea is that man should leave a part of there freedom to feel safe.

Amouzoune Youssouf

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Voltaire, one of the greatest  writers and philosopher from the Enlightenment of all the time. He is repute as a courageous crusader against tyranny, bigotry, cruelty and also religious tolerance. Through its critical capacity, wit, and satire, Voltaire’s work vigorously propagates an ideal of progress to which people of all nations have remained responsive.

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René Descartes was a French mathematician, scientist, and philosopher and was considered the father of modern philosophy. Descartes’s ambition was to introduce into philosophy the rigour and clarity of mathematics and logic. He stays famous for writing "I think there for I am"
(Maja Closset)

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John Locke was an English philosopher and political theorist who was born in 1632 in Wrington, Somerset, England, and died in 1704 in High Laver, Essex. He is recognized as the founder of British empiricism and the author of the first systematic exposition and defense of political liberalism.

Political liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law.

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Isaac newton was an English physicist and mathematician. Famous for his law of gravitation but not only, he laid the foundation of modern science and was the culminating figure of the Scientific Revolution because he made many discovery in the field of science, such as gravity and the three basic law of motions
Claire

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Frederick II, the third king of Prussia, ranks among the two or three dominant figures in the history of modern Germany. Became king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786. He was brilliant military campaigner who, in a series of diplomatic stratagems and wars against Austria and other powers, greatly enlarged Prussia’s territories and made Prussia the foremost military power in Europe. An enlightened absolute monarch, meaning he had all the power but had to use it for the common good of all his people. He favoured French language and art, and built a French Rococo palace, Sanssouci, near Berlin.

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Louis XIV represented in his coronation robes (by Hyacinthe Rigaud in 1701)

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Louis XIV, also named ''the Sun King'', reigned France from 1643 to 1715 (72 years). He became King of France at 5. As a man who loves luxury and extravagance, he ordered the construction of Versailles. He is one of the biggest figures of the classical monarchy during the classical age.
Simone Sias

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French man of letters and philosopher who, from 1745 to 1772, served as chief editor of the Encyclopédie, one of the principal works of the Age of Enlightenment. It was spread all over Europe (Russia,England, France etc) and its goal was to gather all of the knowledge of this time in one place and to make it accessible for the largest amount of people.

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Adam Smith was a Scottish economist and philosopher, who is called the Father of Modern Economics and Liberalism. It stated some of the ideas on which modern economics is based off, especially market economics. Economic liberalism says that if individuals act in their interests, the entire country will do better. This ideology opposes protectionism, which says that a country must intervene in economic affairs. Hanouche Yasser

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Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, known as Montesquieu was a French political philosopher, precursor of sociology and writer of the Enlightenment whose principal work, "The Spirit of Laws" (1748),  which explained the separation of power and promotes the idea of a bourgeois' democracy, this book was a major contribution to political theory.

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 was a French jurist and a political philosopher. He was a founder of Absolutism in France. he supported the theory of absolute monarchy, no division of power  

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An Austrian Holy Roman Emperor (1765-1790), at first coruler with his mother, Maria Theresa (1765–80), and then sole ruler (1780–90) of the Austrian Habsburg dominions. An “enlightened despot,” he sought to introduce administrative, legal, economic, and ecclesiastical reforms—with only measured success
Clément Luyten

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Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States (1861–65), who preserved the Union during the American Civil War and brought about the emancipation of enslaved people in the United States. He succeeded in preserving the Union, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy. He was fatally shot by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln is remembered as a martyr and hero of the United States and is often ranked as the greatest president in American history.
Ralph 5G

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The Civil Code is composed of the major laws.
It was first introduced the 21st March 1804 by Napoleon Bonaparte under the name of Civil Code of the french

Safwane !

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Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the united states of America.He wrote the declaration of independence.He was also a planter with many slaves, though he freed several people in the Hemings family.
Jefferson wanted the Thirteen Colonies to be free from Great Britain. He was a member of the Second Continental Congress. He was chosen to be in the group of officials that wrote the Declaration of Independence and was its main writer.

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Jaques-Louis David was a French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the preeminent painter of the era. David was an active supporter of the French Revolution and friend of Maximilien Robespierre, and was effectively a dictator of the arts under the French Republic.

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Jean-Honoré Fragonard was a French painterand printmaker whose late Rococo manner was distinguished by remarkable facility, exuberance and hedonism. He was born on the 5 April 1732 at Grasse, Alpes Maritimes and died on the 22 August 1806.
He is the son of François Fragonard (a glover) and Françoise Petit. He went to live in Paris at the age of 6, where most of his career took place. He went to differnets artistics school until he obtains a studio at the Louvre Palace where he lives and is responsible for decorating the Apollo Gallery. In 1805, all the artists who were living in the Louvre were expulsed by imperial decree because of the reorganization of the building into the Napoleon Museum. The following year, he died.
By Lejeune Senninha, 5G.

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George Washington was the first president of the united states of america. He was born on the 22nd of February and died on the 14th of December 1799 and took office as president of the United states from 1789 to 1797. George Washington was a planter and in fact was a very wealthy man. Because of his contributions to the 7 years war (1756 and 1763) he became a really famous figure throughout both sides of the Atlantic. He was interested in politics and involved himself in the American revolution.His reputation and involvement in the American revolution lead him to become the post commander of the American troops.After the victory of the Americans he ran for president in which he was elected and became the first president of the US.

Ali 5g

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Catherine II known as Catherine the Great was the last Empress reigning of Russia.
At the age of 14 she was suppose to marry Peter the 3rd but the she was the one ruling because he was incapable of doing it.In those 34 years that she reigned she expanded the Russian territory and led it into full participation in European political and cultural life. She had once intended to emancipate the Serfs, but she instead strengthened the system that hurt them.
She was also known to have multiple lover and one of them called Grigory Potemkin, who forced Peter III to abdicate .(He was murdered shortly after)
Sukanna & Tracy

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Pierre Paul Rubens was a painter born in Siegen and he died in Antwerp. He studied at "l'école baroque flamande". His parents left Antwerp due to the persecution of the protestants in 1568. Flemish artist, Peter Paul Rubens was one of the most celebrated and prolific artists in Europe during his lifetime as well as the entire Baroque era. His patrons included royalty and churches, and his art depicted subjects from religion, history and mythology. Rubens's style combined a knowledge of Renaissance classicism with lush brushwork and a lively realism.
Noémie

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George I (born May 28th 1660 and died June 11th 1727)

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George I (born May 28th 1660 and died June 11th 1727)

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George I of Great Britain was the first Hanoverian King of Great Britain and Ireland from August 1st 1714 until his death in 1727.

He was the first British monarch of the House of Hanover.!!!

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(1736-1819)
He upgraded the steam engine which led to the industrial revolution

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(1800-1885)
Reolutionary, Ancien prime minister of Belgium, member of the National Congress. He is linked to liberalism

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(1772-1843)
1815 king of The Netherlands, Belgium et Luxembourg. Belgium will take her independnace under his sovereignty.

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(1835-1909)
Ruler of Belgium from 1865-1909. He was the owner and absolute ruler of Congo during a large period of time.
----- colonialism

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(1841-1904)
Journalist and exlporer knew for his explorations in Africa. He helped Leopold II for Congo.

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Portrait de Bossuet par Hyacinthe Rigaud.Paris, Musée du Louvre.

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Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet  was a French bishop and theologian, renowned for his sermons and other addresses. He was considered as one of the most brilliant orators of all time and a masterly French stylist. He was also a  Court preacher to Louis XIV of France. Bossuet was also strong advocate of political absolutism and the divine right of king.