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Language change comes from "wrong" uses of the language, that has to happen for it in order to change. Everyone who speaks the language has the choice to use it as someone from let's say the US would, or not. That means that everyone has the ability to change the grammar etc, no matter where they speak it. New English varieties develop everywhere to suit speakers. Taking a descriptive standpoint, there's no right way to speak a language, it doesn't matter if you're a foreign or native speaker

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Since English is the language for most international dealings, the powerful speakers are essentially most people with power. They choose to have it as a lingua franca. Of course, this is backed up by the US power in most areas, their power is essential for the language. This establishes English which would point to it staying or growing in its position. However, if the power shifts to for example China, the lingua franca is affected.

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There are a lot of similarities between the two from the power perspective, but English is way more established around the world than Latin was. When the choice for a lingua franca comes up, I think the most widely spoken language is a powerful contestor, whether or not it has tech or media power. The world needs a global language and English is best suited to fill that spot. But eventually, as a new language and nation gets well enough established it will probably shift, but not soon

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Yes it could. It is possible that a new revolution of technology and economic force will take place somewhere else in the world, and if we want to benefit from it, we would have to learn the language where it originated. Is it plausible? probably not in the nearest future.

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Those in power are the powerful speakers, since they have the most influence. But again, how do you define what a "powerful speaker" is?

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I believe all English speakers can claim ownership of the language, but to own it you must know it. This excludes English pidgin speakers, solely on a base of knowledge. Ethnicity or culture doesn't matter.

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There is already a difference in spelling, grammar, and usage of English if you just look on the places that have it as a first language. The spelling of the word colour/color already differs between British and American English. A language is meant to be used for communication and there is no real way of owning communication.

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Perhaps it is not a matter of first language speakers but rather about who has a grasp of the language both grammatically and linguistically. This would mean that most people with a higher education could be counted as a powerful speaker, not depending on country. However that is a harsh line to draw. A person can of course be a good speaker without having an education for it. One could also argue that the powerful speakers are those who people listen to and copy. There are several well established slang words being used in different forms of media. Does this mean that the real powerful speakers are journalists, influencers etc? If that is true the future of Global English is sure to have a lot of influence from different languages.

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I think a big difference between Latin and English is the fact that Latin spread with Christianity and the Roman empire. The probability of all English speaking nations falling in the same way Rome fell does not seem high. There is also the difference in how the languages are taught and who gets to learn it as well as when one would use it. There lies the differecne in having to learn a language only for educational or religious purposes rather than entertainment and general work.

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We live in a digital world, with English in the centre.

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We live in a digital world, with English in the centre.

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English has a much wider spread than Latin. Not only among the people, but on the internet. Everyone speaks English, from a young age, kids nowadays play videogames in English. They contact people all over the world with their common language English. I think English will grow bigger with time, while the youth of today grows up.

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I don’t think that anyone can own a language when anyone in the world can decide to learn it. A language is knowledge which isn’t something anyone can own. On the other hand, the rules of grammar have been decided long ago and the ones creating the rules were English. So if that is what one would use to decide ownership then I suppose native speakers of English are the ones that own it.

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For English to die out the way Latin did would take a very long time, especially because of how widely used it is not only over the whole world but also on the internet. Of course there is always the possibility of it slowly decreasing in users over time but I don’t think it could happen anytime soon.

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Probably, but not in the foreseeable future.

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Probably, but not in the foreseeable future.

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English has a very strong standing right now, and it's difficult to see anything making it's influence less strong in the foreseeable future. The reason why is partly because of the power (cultural, political and economic) that some English speaking countries hold (e.g. USA), and partly because of globalization processes. However, English is, to put it bluntly, not special. When enough time has passed the status of English might change, perhaps because of another language taking its place or maybe because some processes that enabled its spread no longer exist. The point is: Nothing lasts forever, not even a global language.

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The story Latin's fall from grace goes hand in hand with the fall of the Roman Empire. When Rome fell, so did Latin, however, it survived through the Roman Catholic Chruch. English is a little different though. Even though the days of the British Empire is long gone, its language i still spoken in the former holdings of the British Crown. This might be because of much more globalised world that the British Empire found itself in compared to Rome. The size is a factor as well. The British Empire was much larger than Rome ever was, English therefore became a much more widespread language than Latin. English as a language will survive for a longer period than Latin, easily, but even English can't run from the very thing that can grind the largest mountains to dust, time.

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Hhen english became global different areas started to develop regional oddities which differed from the "original" english. But who is to say that the "korean english" is any less valid than bittish english which is only one example.

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you need context to measures how powerful of a english speaker. before you could argue that the brittish people had the most powerful speakers but then america was founded and now there was two powerful english speaking nations and when english shifted to become a global language its more about how many in a area that speaks it and accept changes than any single speaker

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but probably not likely anytime soon because english is rooted in so many places and a universal alternative needs to be in place before it or, we all need chips that translates everything on the spot

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We (nonnative speakers) all make it our own through slang and pronunciation. Australia and the US have many differences in pronunciation and words specific to their regions, who would decide which one's "the One"?

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In a way I think everyone who knows the language has some power of it, we all make it our own in how we speak it. While native speakers may feel the most comfortable with it, nowadays many people around the world start learning English so early that we too generally feel comfortable with it. Who knows the most complex words doesn't decide who's the most powerful. I think learning English will be even more common in the future, maybe not through nation's school systems, but I believe more people will feel the want/need to learn it.

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It could, but only with great effort (not probable)

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It could, but only with great effort (not probable)

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Compared to Latin, English is much more established in the world (through culture, media, the Internet etc) Latin wasn't accessible to the general public in the same way. It would be much harder for English to lose its power bacuase of the strong hold it has on us. I wouldn't go as far as saying that it couldn't, no one knows what the future holds.

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Language is something that is always changing, just look on how the top language has changed multiple times during history, so could this happen again? Maybe, depends on how long of a time-period we are talking about. Imagine 2000 years from now, the political climate and even the world might look completely different, and so could the language! Right now English is the most used internationally, I believe mainly because of its cultural and economical power, and these two can weaken in the future, and that might mean that another more powerful language overtakes its position.

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Those who have the power of English are the people speaking it. I do not think there is a right or wrong answer to this. Just like in Swedish, there is slang, accents, dialects etc in the English language. But I would still refer to the US & UK. As we look in English dictionaries there is often a American and British version. Rules in spelling, grammar etc are needed for the language to work.

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I would say that the powerful speakers of English are those who live in the US/UK. When I think of the powerful speakers of English, I refer directly to those who live in the US & UK. They have spoken the language the longest and are most familiar with it. I think this has a strong connection to political and economic power as well. For the English language to be strong, a strong policy and economy is needed in the country. However, I also believe that the English language is gaining more and more momentum on the internet. It is much easier to learn English today compared to 50 years ago.

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I have a hard time seeing this happen as English is such a developed language. We hear and see the English language everywhere through the internet, social media, advertising etc. English, I would say, is the global language worldwide. Wherever you travel in the world, you can almost expect someone there to know English, unlike Swedish for example.

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The crux with the English language, and languages in general, is that nobody owns them. As Crystal (2003), proposes, a language does not exist in a realm of its own, it only appears between the people speaking it- thus the language is owned by the speakers. This is interesting as new kinds of English appear, like pidgin English, as it raises the question of where the line is drawn for what is English and what is not. It raises the question of who owns English, and how we are allowed to modify it, to fit our needs?

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The powerful speakers, albeit they have changed, are still the ones with political and economic power. This is amongst others the UK and especially the US, however countries like Russia and China are threatening the English countries on a global scale. As proposed by Crystal (2003), the speakers of English may fall into three groups; the inner circle, the other circle and the expanded circle. What these groups have in common is that they all speak English on some level, ranging from mother tongue to acknowledging the role of English on the global arena. The same can’t be said for Russia and China, where there currently exists a much smaller inner circle, a futile outer circle, and a near non-existent expanded circle.

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It is impossible to predict what will happen with English in upcoming years, just as previous predictions have majorly underestimated the rapid growth of English. However, it is highly unlikely that English will face the same destiny as Latin, simply because it is used in a different context, in a much more globalised world. In Ritzer (2015) the concept of ‘liquids’ and ‘weightlessness’ is introduced, where one could argue that English today is much more weightless, due to e.g internet and other digitised media, and thus highly volatile, i.e more liquid. This renders English a language that spreads rapidly, and that is hard to stop once it does. English thus spreads much more rapidly around the globe than Latin ever did .

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Knowing the language does not automatically generate 'power'

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Knowing the language does not automatically generate 'power'

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Everyone can learn the English language, but it does not automatically generate power. Due to the hierarchical power structure and those within it, first and even second generation immigrants may find it hard to compete with “fitting in” to the society they belong to as much as any other.

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Those who speak it owns the language. I would say that the native speakers owns the language in terms of grammar, spelling and usage. However this differs among the native speakers as well. British English tend to be more formal and old-fashioned and American English one the other hand is more flexible and accepts new variations.

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I don't think it's possible to have ownership of the spelling, grammar or usage, not in english or any other language. It's hard to track with the way that language processes, and though many try to keep for example grammar rules, most have exceptions that it's hard to track eitherway. I also believe that the whole point of language is to be understood, and you don't necessarily need perfect spelling, grammar or usage to do that, and sometimes doing these things wrong might make a point in a sentence. Everyone uses english differently, and therefore I think it's hard to decide who owns it, especially since we can't put it up to any specific country.

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While I think the native speakers sure has a hold on english, I think the truth is that the language is currently being most used online. Some people learns it from playing games online and such, which means that the internets english, which isn't necessarily the grammatically correct one, is the one that is used the most, as both native and nonnative speakers use it. It's the most powerful one, because through the means of things like memes messages are conveyed to a broad audience.

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English is a very establish language online and for that reason I cannot fanthom english losing it's footing in the world any time soon.

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I would say the Native speakers, which would be people from the UK and the US. The are more comfortable in the language and has more knowledge of how to speak it correctly. Also people in politics and scientists holds power of people since they determine things that affect other people.

People nowadays learn English much earlier and could therefore also be confident in the language, thus they hold more power.

In the future I think that more people will learn and know english.

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I do not think that it is possible. English is so widespread nowadays with the internet. It is crucial to business, global market, education and publishing. But as David Crystal said in his book Language is dependent on its people. So if people choose to only use their mother tongue or a modern translation systems is made, the need for a global language could decrease. However, it would probably not disappear.

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Like most languages, new slang or easier ways to communicate come with each generation. And since English is used so globally now, instead of only being in the hands of the youths of English speaking countries, words and phrases can be born from other cultural influences. This has always been a thing that comes with globalisation though. Just not in a way that makes the youth have the most influence over it. I can't say anyone will have specific ownership over the language's grammatical build though, as the language as a whole is so easily accessible because of how it has shaped through history until now.

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The easiest Internet searches now are in English. And internet is one of the biggest informative sources we use. I think this is why its so easy to be misinformed, as everyone can use the media. Yet, not everyone can control it. People with economic power can change the media's focus and portrayal much easier than those with a normal income. Although while this is true, younger genrratiosn have grown up with the Internet I a way their source criticisms comes naturally. They can spot suspicious behaviour quicker than most, and then navigate the Internet to try and find the truth. But again, I think that doesn't change those with more influence in media (and money) have more power using such a globalised language. This is something that hasn't changed much in history, the only change is that more ordinary people can now navigate and catch the act much quicker. Perhaps in the future, so well false information doesn't work as well anymore for those in power.

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I think the biggest difference between English and Latin, is how globalised it is. Not only is it huge in writing now, but also through Internet (which as we said during Mondays lecture, was originally only available in English). People prefer to take the English route now, when buying books, entering forums, or when they forget words in their native tongue. I didn't live back during ancient roman times, but I doubt people casually or willingly used Latin in their every day lives, as much as people do with English.

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One has to ask if we there even is such a thing as "ownership" of a language. Even among native scholars, the use of a language will differ in certain ways. As far as what is considered the standard I don't think we'll see a shift from Britain and America, although there will probably be (as has and is already happening) a lot more allowances made for other variants, even in formal and academic settings. The idea of a single correct answer really isn't realistic with such a huge amount of users across the world, especially when so many of them are non-native speakers.

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I would say that it hasn't so much changed as it has expanded. "Rich white men" still very much have the floor, but in a world where so many more people are allowed a platform and a voice, it has expanded to at least include representatives of other groups. Not only that, but we are beginning to see a lot of attention and accolades afforded authors who don't use standard English at all, but write in their own dialects or sometimes something approaching a type of pidgin, which we may just see the effect of in the global use of the language.

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To my knowledge, no language has been quite as widespread as English among not only scholars, but the general masses. This may change, in time, but in a climate where more and more people regularly interact across cultural and linguistic borders, English has become so incredibly integrated as a global lingua franca that it would require an almost inconceivable shift of power. Even a power shift in global politics may not necessarily mean such a shift in global language at this point.

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In terms of ”Ownership” when it comes to language structure, we strictly still follow the established rules of British and American English when learning the language. So, in that sense it still belongs to the Brits and Americans. But in terms of usage, the language is widely far spread (there’s a reason we’re talking about English as a global language after all), thus muddying that line greatly.

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I would argue the UK and the US are still the “powerful speakers” so to speak. Although more countries than ever are studying the English as a second language, we (the common people) still think of English in connection to the UK and US mainly.

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Not likely. A cataclysmic event would need to take place to “reset” the global order. While British English first spread as a language due to military conquest and colonization, modern American English has rooted itself in both economical and cultural areas with the added help of technological advancements.

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This is why we need experts. Language is not something one nation can own anymore. However, if everyone able to simply speak could decide how a language should be used, there would be chaos. While the language does belong to the people, it is the experts in the language that need to precive, interpret and choose the best course of a language depending on its people and the change the language goes through. Then it does not matter where the expert is from, as long as they are well educated in the language and understanding of its culture.

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Every powerful speaker of English has been a celebrity. In the past it was mostly royalty, politicians and big entrepreneur. Because those were the people with a following that you saw and heard most about. There where of course famous people of litterature and art, but many of them became famous after their passing and left ripples in the language instead of being a powerful speaker. In contrast, every Brit knew who sat at the throne at given time. Nowadays, there are some celebrities in the entertainment industry, litterature, art and even scientists have become celebrities. There are people in these catagories that are just as recognizable as our world leaders and are able to speak to as many people (especially on twitter). People listen to those they want to hear, even if that famous person does not have a degree in the field they are speaking of.

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When you think about the growing 'solidity' of our time of restrictions, laws on languages protection and a recent rise in xenophobia towards immigrants. It is not impossible for English to lose its power as "the" common language. However, for it to suffer the exact same fate is highly unluckly. Latin was mainly a academic language after all, while English has become much more. People do not only learn English for academic purpose. But I do want to say that the challange of our time is the growth of independece and new rise of national pride and wanting to keep our cultures seperate. Not always due to Xenophobia either, but instead for respect and care for ones culture. Depending how we choose to balance it, English might see it first decline is learners or intergrade even deeper into the world.

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I don't think the English language will die out. It's too important. Our social media and political situation is far to dependent on it. It's far bigger than Latin ever was.

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I think there are still 2 main streams of English grammar being taught and that is American and British based. Depending on how you are schooled you may feel that one of these countries "owns" the grammar, spelling and usage. However there is most definitely localized grammar etc that is accepted as being "owned" by that country/region.

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I think there is still strong links between English language power and political/economic power. Those English speaking nations (like USA) that dominate the media tend to be more " powerful". Although many other accents and versions have developed, those learning English as a second /foreign language tend to learn it based on US or British English, and then localize it somewhat. I suspect this will diverge as English second/foreign language speakers become the ones teaching others how to speak English.

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In our digital age reliance on English to communicate across borders has become even more valuable. It has become even more widespread and culturally relevant than Latin ever was. It also was chosen as the local 'lingua franca' by many countries after their independence so has moved on from being the language of invaders, and instead taken on its own lines of development and relevance in different regions. It's now developing independently of its historical roots.

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Politicians and media personalities. It is likely that the English Language will expand further. The urge to become a part of the ''global village'' is enormous.

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if by definition you can kinda refer to the inner and outer circle mentioned in "david crystal 2003" where the native speakers could be seen as owners but i believe that anyone speaking the language owns it

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Who has ownership if you are talking with your friend versus who has ownership when you are writing an academic essay?

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the powerful speakers of english include politicians and scientists where critical information is spread in english

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I don't think english will die out due to the political situation in the world and the growth of social media in the past decade enabling english to become the leading language of entertainment etc. In addition, all leading types of research is also done in english. I believe there is a lot to discuss about this subject. On the other hand, people did not think latin would die out too soo there is definitely a chance the english we know of now develops to something later

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English sounds diffrent depending on where in the world you hear it. I think since it is a world language and therefor a lot of diffrent versions of the language will develop.

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Depends on on political powers, if translation develops in translation, the social medias english etc. There was a time when Latin was a global language, then i think people thought Latin would be the one and only language of the world "forever". A lot can change depending on the power of the people using the language (from David Crystal, A book about English as a global language). So eventually, maybe another language will take its place in the future.

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I don't think the English language will ''die'', mostly due to the historical and the ongoing political situation in the world.

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I don't think English will loose ground like Latin. English is used in the media and internet that is spread to the corners of the world. People encounter the language regardless of their nationality, age, class, etc.