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https://drive.google.com/open?id=1T51xRHPFlwXPEcgclYx7RdifiAxrN_sv588D6KUFiNo

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Name: Miss Representation
Duration: 1 hour
Introduction: 5 minutes
Song: 3 Minutes
Main Body pt.1 (race):  15 minutes
Song: 3 minutes
Main Body pt. 2 (gender): 15 minutes
Song: 3 minutes
Main Body pt. 3 (LGBT): 15         minutes
Closing statement: 1 minute
Genre: Factual radio program/discussion
Synopsis: Conversational radio documentary highlighting the impact of race, gender and LGBTQ+ representation within the media.
Production method: Mix of live and pre-recorded.
Target audience: 16-24 year olds.
Presenters: Laura Jarrett, Joni Dodd, Siobhan Smith

Delivery Style: Moderately formal/conversational.
Equipment: Zoom H6 to record vox pops and phone interview. iPhone to call interviewee.
Location: Radio studio to create documentary. Millennium Sq for vox pops.

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(Still needs to be edited)
https://drive.google.com/open?id=17sIkEyOALU6pMRD_G9XmUT8zztk3Lt48

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Race

In early Hollywood films of the 1920s and 1930s, for example, Blacks were largely absent or were relegated to two roles; entertainer or servant.

By the 1991 to 1992 season, Blacks made up 12% of the population, 11% of prime-time characters and 9% of daytime characters.

Many of the African-American characters appeared on programs that featured mostly minority casts, which were more likely to appear on small television networks.

In 2008, Latino actors accounted for more than 6% of film and television roles.

2004 magazines, 19.2% black, 14.5% hispanic, 7.2% asian.

Ads on prime time TV, 2003/4, 43% of ads included at least one African-American character.

"Stereotypes are now more subtle, and stereotyped thinking is reinforced at levels likely to remain below conscious awareness."

The first Latino paper, El Misisipi, was published in 1808 by a white publisher.

Between 1978 and 2010, the percentage of racial minorities in US newsrooms tripled from 4 to 13.3% but it is still underrepresented as this minority make up 30% of the the US population.

27% of newsroom interns, 17% of photographers and video-graphers, 14% of reporters and 11% of supervisors.

LGBTQ+

Fejes and Petrich (1993) argue that, until the early 1930s, film portrayals of homosexuals were used as either "comic devices"  as "a form of erotic titillation," or "to depict deviance, perversion and decadence."

Hollywood producers severely restricted and censored images of homosexuals in the mid 1930s to 1960s.

During that period, Fejes and Petrich noted that during that period, "homosexuality was portrayed as best as unhappiness, sickness, or marginality and at worst perversion and an evil to be destroyed."

32 films within 1961 and 1976 that featured a major homosexual character, 18 of which featured a homosexual character who gets killed, 13 featured a homosexual character who commits suicide and just one featured one who lives.

In a 1967 documentary, the host, Mike Wallace, concluded, "the average homosexual, if there be such, is promiscuous. "He's not interested in, nor capable of a lasting relationship like that of a heterosexual marriage."T

In the 1980s and 90s, gay and lesbian characters began appearing in more serious and realistic portrayals, especially in roles highlighting the issue of AIDS.

Television is becoming more inclusive, in the 2008 and 2009 season , there was 25 recurring LGBT roles.

News coverage of LGBT community has changed over the years, rarely mentioned before the 1960s. Homosexuality entered the news as a result of gay and lesbian activism.

Gender

Across 130 countries, only 24% of news subjects are female. When they do appear in the news, women were largely presented as "ordinary people", while men were portrayed as "experts".

In local broadcast news,  women made up 40% of the workforce but only 28.4% of news directors in 2009.

In local radio news, women made up 29.2% of the workforce but only 18.1% were directed.

In 2007, only 28.4% of speaking roles in the top 100 films went to women but on TV, 43% of speaking parts are played by women.

The highest-paid female movie star, Angelina Jolie, at $33 million, makes about the same per movie as the two lowest-paid male stars, Denzel Washington and Liam Neeson.

Hollywood’s top paid union executive—a man—earned 60 percent more than the highest-paid female union executive.

In 2007 women constituted 28% of television writers. The Writers Guild Of America (2009) found that women accounted for only 18% of Hollywood Screenwriters.

In 1997, Tuggle found that ESPN and CNN devoted less than 5% of coverage on women.

More than a decade later, it was found that less than 2% of local sports coverage focused on women's sports.

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(May edit further)

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GROUP MEMBERS
Laura Jarrett
07592060762
laurajdjarret@jotmail.com

Siobhan Smith
07961201274
siobhansmith1998@gmail.com

Joni Dodd
07950917946
b466272@my.leedscitycollege.ac.uk

INTERVIEWEE
Tim Smith
07860819387
tim.smith@bbc.co.uk

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Our radio programme will be split into three segments, all of which will be integrated together.
These three categories will be as follows:

Racial representation

This section will look into the way racial minorities are represented in the media, and how these representations may influence the general public's way of viewing these minority groups.

Gender representation

This component of the radio programme will explore the way in which females are portrayed in media content, and whether this holds negative or positive connotations.

LGBTQ+ representation

This segment will assess the way that the LGBTQ+ community is portrayed in the media, through both TV and film, and how viewpoints have changed throughout time.

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Laura

Main presenter - this means that Laura will be narrating the programme, and introducing the conversation where is fit.

Location scout - As the location scout, Laura will be looking into the best locations to carry out our primary research, and to gather audio recordings such as vox pops and interviews.

Siobhan

Scriptwriter - Siobhan will be scripting the programme before we record our documentary.

Legal checker- It is important that the legal aspects of producing a factual programme are considered before creating a factual programme. Siobhan will be evaluating these issues, which are inclusive to copyright and defamation. Siobhan will also likely look into ethical issues of recording a radio programme.

Joni

Researcher - Joni will be researching the information used throughout our programme, via both primary and secondary research. Secondary research would be found from sources online and in books, whereas primary research will be found via surveys, questionnaires, vox pops and interviews.

Risk Assessor- When visiting new areas, it is important to assess potential risks. To assess these risks, Joni will evaluate the locations to minimise any given danger and ensure that they are safe to visit.

To conclude, we have each assumed the role of the figure head for the above positions. It is important to note, however, that we will all take part in each role throughout our work.

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Potential Radio Documentary Topics- Racial Representation

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Potential Radio Documentary Topics- Racial Representation

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Use of Language

Different descriptions of different races for same/similar crime- 'Thug' vs 'Mentally ill' vs 'Terrorist', etc.

'Harvard Student' 'Olympic Swimmer' for Brock Turner.

Use of Imagery

The ways in which different races are portrayed differently via images- for example, where a person of colour's mugshot is used for the same crime in which a white person's school pictures are used.

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Potential Radio Documentary Topics - Feminism and gender representation

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Potential Radio Documentary Topics - Feminism and gender representation

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Magazines

The way in which women are portrayed on magazine covers is arguably questionable. After noticing the stark difference between a male and female centric magazine, artist Katherine Young redesigned the cover. She swapped 'How To Get Your Dream Hair' for how to achieve your career goals,  fashion tips for community actions and 'How To Wake Up Pretty' for quick and easy breakfasts. Katherine posted the original alongside the new and improved version on Twitter, receiving a hugely positive response.

The UKFeminista organsisation

UKFeminista strive to help people make positive actions in hopes of a more equal world. They offer resources to assist those wanting to campaign for change. Their central focus is activism and raising awareness of gender representation and feminism within schools. They do this through teacher training,  providing practical resources and interactive workshops. They led a successful campaign for supermarkets to get rid of 'Lads Mags' and are currently pushing the government to tackle sexual harassment in schools. I could potentially email the group for comment.

#MeToo

The movement began when American actress and activist,  Alyssa Milano tweeted “If all the women who have been sexually harassed or assaulted wrote ‘Me too’ as a status, we might give people a sense of the magnitude of the problem.” In less than a week, millions of women (and men) spoke out on various social platforms about the abuse and harassment they had faced. Reese Witherspoon, Lady Gaga, Björk, Evan Rachel Wood and Alice Glass are amongst the celebrities who have used the hashtag to share their stories. In October, the hashtag had already reached 85 countries with 1.7 million tweets. Caroline Criado-Perez, co-founder of The Women’s Room released a statement saying “It is about so much more than Harvey Weinstein, it’s happened to pretty much every woman you know. I think it’s really important that we don’t allow this to become a story about this one bad guy who did these terrible things because he’s a monster, and to make it clear that actually, it’s not just monsters … it happens in every country every day to all women, and it’s done by friends, colleagues, ‘good guys’ who care about the environment and children and even feminism, supposedly.” The campaign has also inspired a number of derivative hashtags such as #HowIWillChange and #IDidThat, primarily used by men admitting and reflecting on inappropriate actions they have carried out.

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It is important that throughout creating our radio documentary we take into account legal and ethical issues, this would include copyright and defamation.

Copyright

Intellectual property is protected by copyright, trademarks and patents. The objective of this is to give the owner of a piece of work full control of how it is shared and used- for example, to share a photograph that is copyrighted, the owner may ask for payment or credit, or simply give his/her permission for the photograph to be shared elsewhere. For a piece of work to be classified as intellectual property, it must display a degree of labour or skill. Not all types of work are able to be protected by copyright laws, such as those in the public domain, titles, names, familiar symbols or phrases, or ideas and facts.  To be protected by copyright, the work must also be in an obviously clear and tangible form. The owner of a piece of work is typically the creator or  the employer of the person who created it, though copyright may be transferred or sold. A copied piece of work cannot be copyrighted.

How long a piece of work is protected by copyright laws is dependant on the type of work at hand, as follows:

Written, dramatic, musical or artistic work - 70 years after the creators/authors death.

Sound and music recording - 70 years from initial publication.

Film - 70 years after the death of the director, screenplay author and composer.

Broadcast - 50 years after the date of the first broadcast.

It is important that we do not breach copyright protection laws throughout our radio documentary - this could result in legal action against the ourselves as creators of the programme, and also damage to the reputation of Leeds City College. Any 'snippets' of work that we use to support statements made throughout our radio programme may, however, be covered by 'fair use'.

Fair use

Fair use is the act of using a copyrighted piece of work without permission or payment for a purpose that is deemed to be socially/culturally beneficial or otherwise 'transformative'.

Example

One recent example of copyright laws being (potentially) breached in audio material is the ongoing legal battle between singer-songwriter Lana Del Rey and Radiohead. In this case, Radiohead are suing Lana Del Rey for allegedly infringing copyright of their hit song 'creep'. If this lawsuit is successful, Lana Del Rey will likely be subject to a fine, possible jail-time and damage to her reputation.

Defamation

Any intentional false communication, either written or spoken, that harms a person's reputation

Again, it is vital we take defamation into account as we do not want to slander individuals and any companies which could eventually damage their reputation.

Examples

Over recent weeks, H&M have been in an ongoing scandal after being branded as 'racist' after a promotional advert saw a black child modelling a that said 'the coolest monkey in the jungle'. The company later removed the advert and clothes from stores worldwide after releasing a statement apologising for the advert. Even though the advert caused an outcry, it could be seen as defamatory to call the company 'racist' live on air.

While we may mention how the male gaze can be prevalent within television as a whole, it is important to not outright call a programme sexist as this could be seen as defamatory. Having said that, we could read out Ofcom complaints and social media posts where people have made their

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https://drive.google.com/open?id=1wpAuOfVlwWucMKXzifyUV8yu-f_ps2ecTIlE_Npl8NA

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Tim Smith (Editor for BBC Look North)

Hi Laura
I’d be happy to help, but phone would be best if you don’t mind.
Would 8.30 on Thursday morning be convenient?
Failing that, 5.30 tonight?
My number is 07860 819387.
All the best
Tim

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Gender

According to the Global Report on the Status of Women in News Media only 16% of Eastern European media organizations have   company-wide policies on gender equality.

Research done by the Global Media Monitoring Project, reveals that only 24% of the people questioned, heard, seen, or read about in written and audiovisual media are women; only 13% of stories focus specifically on women; and 46% of news stories reinforce gender stereotypes.

Globally, there are 2.24 male characters for every 1 female character. Out of a total of 5,799 speaking or named characters 30.9 percent were female, 69.1 percent male.

Females make up 7 percent of directors, 19.7 percent of writers, and 22.7 percent of producers. France has the worse gender ratio, 9.1 men to 1 woman.Brazil has the best, 1.7 men to 1 woman. The U.S.? 3.4 men to 1 woman.

Men are much more likely to be seen as attorneys and judges (13 to 1), academics (16 to 1), doctors and medical practitioners (5 to 1). Just three female characters were represented as political leaders with power. One didn’t speak. One was an elephant. The last was Margaret Thatcher.

Race

When it comes to race, 35% of the sample feel the Asian community is being underrepresented. Just under a third (31%) note a lack of mixed race people in advertising, while 27% feel black people are not being adequately portrayed. These assertions are confirmed by an analysis of the campaigns, which finds black people appeared in 5.65% of the adverts, mixed race people in 3.86% and Asian people in just 2.71%. (According to Lloyds Banking Group)

Just 3.4 percent of film directors were female, and only 7 percent of films had a cast whose balance of race and ethnicity reflected the country's diversity. In broadcast TV, 17 percent of directors were female and 19 percent of programs were ethnically balanced.-Uni of Cali

Among more than 10,000 characters whose race could be identified, proportions of white, black and Asian characters came close to U.S. population figures. But Hispanics were just 5.8 percent of characters, despite being about 17 percent of the U.S. population, according to Census Bureau data.

The British journalism industry is 94% white, 86% university-educated and 55% male, according to a damning survey of 700 news professionals conducted by City University London.

Researchers reported that just 0.4% of British journalists are Muslim and only 0.2% are black. Nearly 5% of the UK population is Muslim and 3% is black.

NCTJ survey in 2012; 94% of journalists are white, compared to 87% of the UK working population and 70% of the working population in London, where 36% of journalists work.

black women remain underrepresented at only 38% of all black series regular characters.

1.1 percent of non-white females and 6.8 percent of non-white males won the coveted awards (Oscars)

LGBTQ+

According to GLAAD (Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation)

Of the 901 regular characters expected to appear on broadcast scripted primetime programming this season, 58 (6.4%) were identified as gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer. This is the highest percentage GLAAD has found in the history of this report. There were an additional 28 recurring LGBTQ characters.

The number of regular LGBTQ characters counted on scripted primetime cable increased to 103, and recurring characters increased to 70, making for 173 characters.

Bisexual+ characters make up 28 percent of the LGBTQ characters tracked across all platforms (broadcast, cable, streaming originals), a slight decrease from last year. These characters still heavily skew toward women (75 women to 18 men).

Racial diversity of LGBTQ characters remains an area of concern. Of the 70 LGBTQ characters counted on streaming originals, 77 percent were white. All three platforms tracked here – broadcast, cable, and streaming originals – lacked LGBTQ characters of color.

This year, there are 17 regular and recurring transgender characters tracked across all three platforms. Of those, nine are trans women, four are trans men, and four are non-binary. This is notably the first time GLAAD has been able to count non-binary characters.

Of the 125 film releases GLAAD counted from the major studios in 2016, 23 (18.4%) contained characters identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer. This is an increase of nearly one percentage point from the 17.5% of films (22 of 126) found to be inclusive in 2015.

Gay men are most represented in films with 835 of films featuring a gay male character

The racial diversity of LGBTQ characters again decreased in films tracked in 2016 after another dramatic drop the year before. In 2016, only 20% were people of color, compared to 25.5% the year before and 32.1% in films released in 2014. Of the 70 LGBTQ characters counted, 48 were white (69%), nine were Black/African American (13%), one was Latinx (1%), and four were Asian/Pacific Islander (6%). Eight characters (11%) were non-human

19% of minorities were featured within advertisements, only 0.06% were part of the LGBT community.

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Potential Radio Documentary topics - LGBTQ+ Rep

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Potential Radio Documentary topics - LGBTQ+ Rep

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Queerbaiting

Queerbaiting, defined as the practice to hint at, but then to not actually depict, a potential same-sex romantic relationship between fictional characters is something that is more prominent now more than ever in television, films and over media based products. For the most part, queerbaiting is wrong, not only does it make a mockery of people's sexuality, but it also hinders any progress which has been made within the LGBT community. Individual's  can find their own characteristics in a character and to queerbait these characters can eventually become detrimental for TV shows and films.

Changing perceptions

In previous decades, the representation of the LGBTQ+ community has changed substantially, but for the better. LGBT individuals were once seen as lesser than their heterosexual counterparts, often giving off the idea that these types of people were not capable of having the same jobs, lives and rights. In 1971 when the first openly gay character was featured on broadcast TV in America, President Nixon at the time, expressed that he did not think the representation of homosexuality had a place on television. Since then, times have changed drastically with LGBT characters featured more often in TV and film. In 2016 GLAAD (Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation) reported that of the 895 series regular characters, there was 43(4.8%) of which that identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender of queer, the highest they have ever reported. When it came to scripted primetime cable series, there was 92 LGBT characters, which was an increase on the 84 they had reported in 2015 while there was a total of 65 on original series featured on sites such as Netflix and Hulu. Across all platforms there was just 16 transgender characters, four of which were men, therefore proving that more needs to be done when it comes to trans representation within the media.

Deaths of LGBT characters

More often than not, LGBT characters on TV tends to die or have no happy ending, therefore creating an idea that people like them in real life, too cannot have a happy and healthy life.

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Potential Interviewees:

David Osborn

ITV Human Resources Director

James Carney

News Reporter for JP Yorkshire

Valerie Hughes-D'Aeth

HR Director, BBC

Laura Bowyer

Head of News, YEP

Joseph Keith

Reporter, YEP

Maxine Gardner

ITV Finance Director

Tim Smith

BBC Look North Editor

Victoria Whittam

Reporter, ITV Calendar

David Hirst

News Correspondent/presenter, ITV Yorkshire

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Interview with Tim Smith from Look North.

Questions
1. Do you think that media representation of minority groups (women, race, lgbt) is important?
2. Do you receive more male or female centric topics to discuss?
3. Do you have to be careful about how you refer to women involved?
4. Do you think that somebody's sexuality may impact the way they are represented in the media?
5. Do you think the way racial minorities are represented in media impacts how they are treated socially?

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Born This Way- Lady GaGa

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BsLd4Y060Q

Where Is The Love- The Black Eyed Peas

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpYeekQkAdc

Girls Just Wanna Have Fun- Cyndi Lauper

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIb6AZdTr-A

Run the World (Girls)- Beyonce

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBmMU_iwe6U

Salute- Little Mix

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kjpa0SMOug0

One Love- Bob Marley

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdB-8eLEW8g

Imagine- John Lennon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwUGSYDKUxU

Black or white- Michael Jackson

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2AitTPI5U0

So What - P!nk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJfFZqTlWrQ

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Before creating our radio programme, we looked into the opinions of our potential audience. We did this primarily via a survey created on google forms and vox pops, as follows:

Survey

How old are you?

Top answer

18 years old, 31.9%.

How long do you spend consuming media on a daily basis? (Radio, Newspapers, TV, Film, Magazines, etc)

Top answer

3-5 hours, 53.2%

How long do you spend consuming social media on a daily basis? (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, etc)

Top answer

3-5 hours, 40.4%

Do you think that representation of race, gender and the LGBTQ+ community in the media matters? (Select all that apply)

Top three answers

Racial representation, 83%

Gender representation, 80.9%

LGBTQ+ representation, 91.5%

Why?

"Because everybody deserves to feel equal, regardless of race, gender and sexuality."

"Because it is important for minorities to see people who represent themselves on TV/in the media"

Select all that you feel women are fairly represented in.

Top 2 answers

TV, 55.3%

Film, 29.8%

Select all that you feel race is fairly represented in.

Top 2 answers

TV, 57.4%

Film, 56.2%

Select all that you feel LGBTQ+ is fairly represented in.

Top 2 answers

TV, 55.3%

Film, 27.7%

Is there anything else that you think should be included?

2 points:

Mention queer-baiting

Point out that representation is dependent on the media source/publication.

Vox pops
For our vox pops, we asked randomly selected members of the public. This provides our program with an authentic look into the viewpoints of the public.

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Croteau, D & Hoynes, W & Milan, S (2012). Media/society. 4th ed. Los Angeles, Washington D. C., London, New Delhi, Singapore: Sage. 190-215, 47.
Connell, B (2008). Exploring the media. Leighton Buzzard: Auteur. 244-255.