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A mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium. While waves can move over long distances, the movement of the medium of transmission—the material—is limited. Therefore, the oscillating material does not move far from its initial equilibrium position.

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a wave vibrating in the direction of propagation.

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a wave vibrating at right angles to the direction of its propagation.

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On Earth, the speed of sound at sea level — assuming an air temperature of 59 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius) — is 761.2 mph (1,225 km/h). Because gas molecules move more slowly at colder temperatures, that slows the speed of sound; sound moves faster through warmer air

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Light travels at a constant, finite speed of 186,000 mi/sec. A traveler, moving at the speed of light, would circumnavigate the equator approximately 7.5 times in one second. By comparison, a traveler in a jet aircraft, moving at a ground speed of 500 mph, would cross the continental U.S. once in 4 hours.

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Definition of electromagnetic wave. :one of the wavesthat are propagated by simultaneous periodic variations of electric and magnetic field intensity and that include radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

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electromagnetic spectrum. n. The entire range of electromagnetic radiation, which includes, in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength, radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visiblelight, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays.

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the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or in a given sample.

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the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.

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the distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave.