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"Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and achieving gender equality in education by 2015, with a focus on ensuring girls full and equal access to and achievement in basic education of good quality"

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Global Factors that Facilitate Gender Parity Goals 

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Global Factors that Facilitate Gender Parity Goals 

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UN Development Fund for Women - promotes gender-responsive budgeting in over 60 nations and enable civil society groups to hold governments accountable

- NGOs and civil society promote programs that:
1. Promote positive values and attitudes to girls education through community mobilization and advocacy campaigns.
2. Provide incentives to offset school and opportunity costs.
3. Tackle early marriages and adolescent pregnancy.
- Helped with policies increasing and improving school infrastructure (sanitation and water). Including schools specifically for girls.

- The 2008 GMR identified provisions essential to improving quality of schooling in general, but for girls in particular:
1. Enhancing the number and quality of teachers, including female teachers. Including providing leadership opportunities for female teachers.
2. Reforming curricula and textbooks to remove gender bias
3. Make classroom practices more gender-sensitive through training

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Local Factors the Facilitate Gender Parity Goals 

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Local Factors the Facilitate Gender Parity Goals 

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- governments implemented legislative and policy reform
- mainstreamed gender education into planning and budgeting
- civil society action

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We are getting closer to gender parity goals! 

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We are getting closer to gender parity goals! 

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- Between 1999 and 2012 the number of countries with fewer than 90 girls enrolled for every 100 boys feel from 33 to 16
- Gender disparity in the numbers of children entering and completing lower secondary school has narrowed - on average the number of girls attaining lower secondary school increased from 81 per 100 boys in 2000 to 93 in 2010
- The number of countries with legislation to combat domestic violence more than doubled, from 21 in 2009 to 53 in 2012

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- In 86 of 121 countries in 2012 Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) discriminatory inheritance laws or practices persists (Local -Impedes)
- Early marriage is still an issue even when legislation has been passed. Progress to eliminate child marriages has been slow. (local impedes)
- Boys are at high risk of dropping out and not completing their education. (Global - Impede)

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- Standardized test scores have shown that girls tend to do better in reading while boys do better in math
- "Gender stereotyping and societal expectations lead girls to be less confident then boys in mathematics ability"

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- Show that significant number (especially minority or poorer boys) of boys drop out early due to many different local factors including:
- the obligation to work
- susceptible to gang violence
- lack of educated male role models
- perceptions of school as unmanly
- gender stereotyping and increased violence in school
- Many developing nations have policies to address the gender disparity in girls. But do not with boys.

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- Less than half (43%) of the 145 countries with data for both levels have achieved gender parity in enrolments for both primary and secondary by 2015
- 69% of the countries with data will likely achieve gender parity in primary schools by 2015
- Once in school girls progress alongside boys

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Understanding the patterns is important ... 

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Understanding the patterns is important ... 

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- Poorest girls remain the least likely to enroll
- Among the richest children, little gender disparity exists
- Once in school girls progress alongside boys so it is important to focus on getting girls in school in the first place
- Poverty deepens gender disparities in primary education completion
- Gender disparity is wider in secondary education
- Although gender disparity has narrowed in lower secondary school, it remains a serious issue in poorer countries and rise in disparity at expense of boys is shown

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- Countries including Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Nicaragua have seen gender disparity in primary attainment at the expense of the poorest boys improve since 2000
- 2012 - shows fewer boys enrolled in secondary education than girls on average 93 boys for every 100 girls
- The high rate of adolescent pregnancies is a big concern.

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Although there have been important steps taken, more need to be done to achieve full gender equality 

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Although there have been important steps taken, more need to be done to achieve full gender equality 

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UNESCO Prize on Girls’ and Women’s Education – 2016 Laureate (Early Childhood Education-Indonesia)

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The UNESCO Prize on Girls' and Women's Education showcases and rewards outstanding projects advancing girls' and women's education. The Prize was awarded for the first time in 2016 to two laureates. This video showcases the work of one of the laureates, the Directorate of Early Childhood Development in Jakarta, Indonesia.

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Ending child marriage and maternal mortality by educating girls. For more information on our projects empowering and educating girls, visit www.aurafreedom.org.

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Cracking the Code: Quality education, equally for allIn 2015, UN Member States committed to 17 Sustainable Development Goals. These goals are advanced by promoting girls' education in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).

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Cracking the Code: Quality education, equally for allIn 2015, UN Member States committed to 17 Sustainable Development Goals. These goals are advanced by promoting girls' education in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).

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https://twitter.com/unesco/status/902206807367700481?lang=en

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Join us in our efforts to promote girls' education in science, technology, engineering & mathematics (#STEM). #GirlsCrackTheCode

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UNESCO 🏛️ #Education #Sciences #Culture 🇺🇳

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.original_text
Join us in our efforts to promote girls' education in science, technology, engineering & mathematics (#STEM). #GirlsCrackTheCode https://t.co/sUyqmefSEG

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
UNESCO 🏛️ #Education #Sciences #Culture 🇺🇳

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UNESCO 🏛️ #Education #Sciences #Culture 🇺🇳

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Join us in our efforts to promote girls' education in science, technology, engineering & mathematics (#STEM). #GirlsCrackTheCode pic.twitter.com/sUyqmefSEG
— UNESCO 🏛️ #Education #Sciences #Culture 🇺🇳 (@UNESCO) August 28, 2017

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Join us in our efforts to promote girls' education in science, technology, engineering & mathematics (#STEM). #GirlsCrackTheCode https://t.co/sUyqmefSEG

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UNESCO 🏛️ #Education #Sciences #Culture 🇺🇳

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props.original_text
Join us in our efforts to promote girls' education in science, technology, engineering & mathematics (#STEM). #GirlsCrackTheCode https://t.co/sUyqmefSEG

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props.text
Join us in our efforts to promote girls' education in science, technology, engineering & mathematics (#STEM). #GirlsCrackTheCode

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props.author.name
UNESCO 🏛️ #Education #Sciences #Culture 🇺🇳