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JAZZ STANDARD

1) Définition :

Un standard de jazz est un morceau qui sert de référence et qui sera souvent repris par des autres artistes qui l’adapteront dans des styles différents. C’est une même chanson interprétée ou enregistrée par d’autres musiciens. Les reprises ne sont jamais identiques à l’original. Tous les musiciens et chanteurs vont vraiment s’approprier le morceau pour éviter que la nouvelle version ressemble à l’original.  A la place, les artistes interprètent à travers leurs façons de jouer et vont improviser sur le thème de l’original pour créer une nouvelle composition.

La plupart des standards de jazz sont apparus pendant la Grande Dépression, des années 30 aux années 40 aux Etats-Unis.

2) Devenir un standard :

Lorsqu’une œuvre obtient une reconnaissance populaire ou qu’il en existe différentes versions ou qu’elle donne des avantages à plusieurs horizons de musique, elle devient un standard. Personne ne peut dire qu’une œuvre deviendra ou non un standard. Même si à sa création, une œuvre est considérée comme étant pas très bien, elle peut devenir populaire avec le temps en ayant un nouveau souffle grâce aux courants musicaux qui évoluent

3) Exemples :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=pulEa0cfNcw

Standard de feeling good  par Anthony Newley et Leslie Bricusse de The Roar of the Greasepaint the Smell of the Crowd

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5Y11hwjMNs

Feeling good repris par Nina Simone

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7-Qa92Rzbk

Standard de Summertime par Georges Gershwin de Porgy and Bess

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2bigf337aU

Summertime repris par Ella Fitzgerald

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Une composition devient donc un standard quand elle obtient une reconnaissance populaire. Au départ, personne ne sait si un jour une composition deviendra un standard. Une composition peut être considérée comme mineure ou insignifiante lors de sa création, puis devenir populaire en prenant un nouveau "visage" sous l'effet de certains courants musicaux. Souvent, une composition devient un standard quand elle existe sous de nombreuses versions, qu'elle offre un intérêt pour des musiciens venant d'horizons divers.

Nous avons choisi ce site car l'auteur de l'article est un auteur compositeur arrangeur. De plus si nous cliquons sur son nom, nous pouvons voir un site qui lui est dédié où nous pouvons le contacter si besoin.

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LES STANDARDS DU JAZZ, HISTOIRE ET TECHNIQUE

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Analyse concernant la naissance et l'évolution des standards dans la musique jazz - Quand une composition devient-elle un standard jazz ? - Les standards jazz à étudier.

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On appelle standard un morceau de jazz qui sert de référence. Un standard est souvent repris par d'autres musiciens de jazz qui l'adaptent à leur propre style.

Nous avons choisi ce site car celui-ci provient de l'éducation nationale et musicale.

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Ella Fiztgerald a repris summertime en 1968.

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feeling good originale

The Roar of the Greasepaint the Smell of the Crowd  par Anthony Newley et Leslie Bricusse

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16 Feeling Good - The Roar of the Greasepaint, the Smell of the Crowd

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1965-Nina Simone- Feeling good

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Tout simplement, une norme de jazz est la même chanson exécutée ou enregistrée par plusieurs musiciens, mais jamais de la même manière que l'original et il n'y a aucune tentative pour «imiter» le chanteur ou le groupe original. Au lieu de cela, chaque artiste interprète à travers sa propre personnalité et improvise sur le thème pour créer ce qui est vraiment une nouvelle composition, avec la mélodie originale près comme référence.

Nous avons choisi ce site car l'auteure de l'article est une chanteuse de jazz, de plus la date à laquelle cet article a été modifiée apparaît.

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A recent conversation with another jazz singer, Ioanna Troullidou, sticks in my mind; people often refer to jazz standards as covers, and we agreed that this is not actually the case, but what is the difference when you really think about it and what is so important about it?

Quite simply, a jazz standard is the same song performed or recorded by literally hundreds of musicians, but never in the same way as the original and there is no attempt to 'imitate' the original singer or band. Instead, each musician interprets it through their own personality and improvises on the theme to create what is really a new composition, with the original melody often used just as a reference.

Contrast this with a cover song, which is more usually performed in much the same way as the original. New recordings of the same song with different artists are often used by copyright owners to keep the song in the public's eye and sell more CDs and live shows. Artists record covers of already-known songs, sticking closely to the original melody, so their audience can get to know them through a familiar tune.

Jazz musicians who perform a classic tune during their live shows are rarely thinking of the commercial side and more often thinking of developing the melody, perhaps changing the key, making it more or less complex, adding new chords that work in a different way, and experimenting with new tempos and rhythms. They spin the song's form off into new vamps (a repetitive groove with improvised melodies), and take solos, sometimes having a musical conversation with another band member in a method called 'trading fours'.

The final result is often unrecognisable as the original melody.

So, is it simply just a matter of a difference in style? You say potato and I say potahto? The jazz players jazz up a known song, and the cover performers keep to the known song's original melody? Well, it's more than that.

There's another important difference; in jazz, a standard only reaches this status when it's played by a majority of musicians. The reason for this is that jazz musicians get around; they go on tour, they record with different artists, and they need a common repertoire so they can perform with other musicians. In many cases, time is short, so this common repertoire becomes its own language that is 'spoken' by jazz musicians. This is useful when there is no time for rehearsal or when there's a jam session, another common feature of jazz, in which different musicians are spontaneously invited to take the stage and join the band to add their own solos.

Jazz musicians rarely perform a song they don't like or only for the sake of money or status; it simply doesn't inspire them. And they like the well-composed tunes; the strangest songs have made it into the standard repertoire, not necessarily the ones that sell well, but the ones that sound really good and lend themselves to interesting improvisations.

A great example of this is the song 'Misirlou/Miserlou', which originates from the Eastern Mediterranean. This melody is based on the Byzantine scale and is made for improvising around. After the theme was developed by Greek rembetistis Tetos Demetriades in the United States in 1927, it became part of the jazz repertoire.

The Cover

At some point in the 1960s, 'Misirlou' was even adopted by the pop and rock communities when bands like The Beach Boys recorded covers that almost echo the recording by Dick Dale and His Del-Tones in the early 1960s.

The Standard

And now listen to a jazz version of 'Miserlou', by saxophone player Gilad Atzmon, which takes the theme many steps further:

Long musical memories

So, when a song is adopted by the jazz community, it's set to last for a long time, and live in the memory of each new musician to play with the melody. Songs are adopted into the jazz repertoire from all kinds of genres, from the blues or popular ballads to classical music.

A cover version of a song may only last for as long as the current trend, and be forgotten tomorrow. Unless there is some kind of financial or business gain for a record label or songwriter - say a new version needed for a movie - it's unlikely to be re-made and released, so literally thousands of songs have come and gone this way throughout pop culture history, enjoyed momentarily and then never to be thought of again.

In conclusion, while both the cover and a standard may be high quality, the jazz standard is a common cultural memory shared and improvised upon, and a song that makes it into this repertoire will be loved for a long time into the future. A cover version is to be enjoyed for the moment not least because it stays close to an already-familiar recording, while showcasing a new artist's performance.

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Editor, commentator, jazz singer, digital marketing consultant.

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The Differences Between a Jazz Standard and a Cover Song - CyprusNewsReport.com

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A recent conversation with another jazz singer, Ioanna Troullidou, sticks in my mind; people often refer to jazz standards as covers, and we agreed that this is not actually the case, but what is the difference when you really think about it and what is so important about it?

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Summertime est une chanson composée par George Gershwin, avec des paroles de DuBose Heyward, pour l'opéra en trois actes Porgy and Bess dont la première représentation date de 1935.

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Malgré les effets de la Grande Dépression, la période de 1929 à 1940 est l'époque où la majorité des standards de jazz ont vu le jour.

Nous avons choisi ce site car le ou les auteurs du site sont des historiens du jazz donc ils s'y connaissent forcément sur le sujet.