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The Dada movement was born in Zurich, Switzerland in 1916 and began to fade out around 1922. It is one of the first and most influential movements of modernism. Dadaism became popular because it was a direct response to World War I and the nationalism that society felt had caused the war. It was meant to show the hypocrisy and meaninglessness in everyone. Dada artists were influenced by the Cubist, Futurist, Constructivist, and Expressionist movements. Their art focused mainly on questioning society’s morals, the role of the artist, the purpose of art, and art by chance as opposed to structure and training. The movement condemns the rigor of classic art and the idea of "movements" itself, as the famous phrase "Dada is anti-Dada" suggest. The art was made to be nonsensical and confusing. It included a variety of media such as performance art, paintings, and sculpture. An important feature of Dadaism includes readymades, which were implemented by Marcel Duchamp.

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Marcel Duchamp was considered the "Father of Conceptual Art." His readymades are works made from manufactured objects and stimulated controversy about what was actually considered art. He argued that readymades are still considered art because “the choice of the object is itself a creative act, cancelling an object’s function makes something become art and that the presentation and addition of a title to an object deem it as art” (http://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/r/readymade).

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One well-known readymade by Duchamp was "Fountain," which was a urinal that he placed upside-down. The urinal was signed with the pseudonym "R. Mutt." The "R" was believed to stand for "Richard" which was a slang in French for "moneybags" while the "Mutt" stands for the Mott company who manufactured the urinal. Its meaning is associated with sexual attraction and sexual differences.

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LHOOQ is another of Duchamp's famous readymades. This was an altered reproduction of the Mona Lisa where he penciled in a moustache and a goatee on her face. The title translates to “She has a hot ass” and by giving her male attributes, he alludes to Da Vinci’s homosexuality and comments on gender role-reversals.

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Emmanuel Radnitzky, more famously known as, Man Ray

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Emmanuel Radnitzky, more famously known as, Man Ray

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Man Ray worked with painting, sculpture, prints, and poetry but he is most remembered for his photographs of the inter-war years. Dada and Surrealist ideas influenced him to regard the idea motivating a work of art more important than the work itself.

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"Le Violon d'Ingres," Gelatin Silver Print, 1924

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"Le Violon d'Ingres," Gelatin Silver Print, 1924

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This photographed was modeled after Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres’s “La Grande Baigneuse.” Man Ray transformed the female body into a musical instrument which plays with the idea of objectification of an animate body which is why Ingres’s work was a source of inspiration.

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"Les Larmes (Glass Tears)," Gelatin Silver Print, 1932

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"Les Larmes (Glass Tears)," Gelatin Silver Print, 1932

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Model is actually a fashion mannequin with glass beads for tears which reflects Man Ray’s interest in the real versus unreal. The cropped shot makes the viewer question what is making the woman so distressed, making it seem more dramatic. This was created soon after Man Ray's break-up with assistant and lover, Lee Miller.

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The modern form of the movement was introduced in the late 60s by the art historian and critic Barbara Rose who popularized the term through her writings. Neo-Dadaism was characterized by a wider array of production methods but remained true to its philosophy. It was making use of all the new technologies and sharing platforms; until it eventually made its way to the internet.

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Dadaism can still be seen in modern technology. When new technologies are first introduced, the function of the object, the new "exciting" appeal of it, and how the technology can aid our lives was more important than the aesthetics. This keeps the product simple and straightforward which reflects one of the main ideas of Dadaism.

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Dadaism (or as others may say Neo-Dadaism) is actually present today, specifically in Internet culture. These works are what we know as MEMES!

Image: Tweet from Twitter user Kyle Gaddo

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Technology has affected dadaism in so many ways. It has expanded dadaism to new platforms such as videos, digital art, and GIFs (Graphics Interchange Format). These sources of these images can vary ranging from unknown artists and programmers to TV shows and movies!

Below are some examples of technology interacting with Dadaism.

Image: Unknown

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If you can relate to the following images, GIFs, and images, the effects of neo-dadaism and Dadaism are affecting you.

Image: K.C. Green

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Social media platforms like Vine (RIP VINE) and YouTube that contain small clips and/or videos that may emit strange humor and design dadaism in the modern age, especially with access to digital communication.

Video: Bill Wurtz

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GIFs, aka Graphics Interchange Format, was programmed by Steve Wilhite. Its essentially a moving image but is not necessarily defined as a video. GIFs are commonly used with the intention of Dadaism since its meant to portray a feeling/idea in a very straightforward way.

GIF: Drew Scanlon

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Image: Futurama meme

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+ http://www.theartstory.org/movement-dada.htm#concepts_and_styles_header

+ http://www.theartstory.org/movement-dada.htm#key_ideas_header

+ http://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/r/readymade

+ http://www.theartstory.org/artist-duchamp-marcel.htm

+ http://www.phaidon.com/agenda/art/articles/2016/may/26/the-fascinating-
tale-of-marcel-duchamps-fountain/
+ http://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/r/readymade

+ http://www.theartstory.org/artist-ray-man.htm

+ https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=n0XaSvhTYd4
+ https://medium.com/@meganhoins/neo-dadaism-absurdist-humor-and-the-
millennial-generation-f27a39bcf321

GIF: How I Met Your Mother