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Asthma - comprises a group of recurrent inflammatory disease, in which the airways periodically spasm, swell, and narrow, causing wheezing or gasping for air. (Davidson, 2015)

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(Davidson, 2015)

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Causes:
-genetic factors
-environmental factors
(Davidson, 2015) (Odle, 2017)

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-inhalation of an allergen
-rhinitis (inflammation of nose lining)
-sinusitis (sinus inflammation)
-viral respiratory infection
-inhaling cold air
-anxiety
-crying
-laughing
-smoke
-pollen
-house dust
-mold
-odors
-animal dander
(Davidson, 2015) (McKesson, 2012)

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Symptoms:
-wheezing
-shortness of breath
-coughing
-feeling of tightness in chest
-visible anxiety
-confusion
-blue tint in face (lack of oxygen)
(Davidson, 2015) (Odle, 2017)

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Treatments:
-avoid allergens
-supplemental oxygen
-mechanical ventilation (rarely)
-bronchial thermoplasty
^a treatment that reduces the tissue of the airway wall with heat by controlled radiofrequency  waves
-drugs
^inhaler
^nebulizer
-corticosteroids
^natural hormones to block inflammation
-Beta-2
^inhaled to relax airways
(Davidson, 2015) (Odle, 2017)

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(Gale, 2016)

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Facts:
-300 million are affected
-5-10% have “difficult asthma”
-50% depend on long-term medication
-thousands of studies are taking place constantly on asthma
-most common chronic childhood disease
-1 in 3 people have asthma
(Lindsay, 2013)
(Odle, 2017)

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Citations

Cramer, D. A., Davidson, T., & Alic, M. (2015). Asthma. In J. L. Longe (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine (5th ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/MFPANP124895613/HWRC?u=mtlib_2_754&sid=HWRC&xid=12c9a069

Lindsay, John T., and Liam G. Heaney. "Nonadherence in difficult asthma--facts, myths, and a time to act." Patient Preference and Adherence, vol. 7, 2013, p. 329+. Health & Wellness Resource Center, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A375815994/HWRC?u=mtlib_2_754&sid=HWRC&xid=1a55ef53. Accessed 16 Feb. 2018.

Odle, T. G., BA, ELS, & Alic, M., PhD. (2017). Asthma. In T. Moy (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Fitness (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 68-72). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3663000027/HWRC?u=mtlib_2_754&sid=HWRC&xid=4701f619

Asthma: environmental control. (2012). In RelayClinical Education (Vol. 2012). RelayHealth. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A281569337/HWRC?u=mtlib_2_754&sid=HWRC&xid=ff35c912

Asthma. (2015). In J. L. Longe (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine (5th ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC4205141148/HWRC?u=mtlib_2_754&sid=HWRC&xid=4a16347f

"A young boy suffering from asthma uses an inhaler to assist his breathing." The Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health: Infancy through Adolescence, edited by Deirdre S. Blanchfield, 3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2016. Health & Wellness Resource Center, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC3630987027/HWRC?u=mtlib_2_754&sid=HWRC&xid=262a063f. Accessed 16 Feb. 2018.