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Mother: Beverly, Harriet, James Madison (aka Maddy) Hemings

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Mother: Beverly, Harriet, James Madison (aka Maddy) Hemings

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Beverly's mother👩‍👦
Had children with Thomas Jefferson,👨‍👩‍👧‍👦
She went to France when she was 14 as a nursemaid to Maria, TJ's daughter,
Learned to speak French
Lived there for 3 years.
🇳🇱🇳🇱🇳🇱🇳🇱

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Wrote the Declaration of Independence✍️
Secretary of state under George Washington✍️
3rd President of the U.S🤝
Purchased the Louisiana Purchase from Napoleon of France.(1803)🇵🇳
Slaveholder: he kept an inventory of all his property including slaves.👶👧🧒👦👱‍♀️

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Character Traits:
Sarcastic (pg 6)
Curious pg (went to the great house to find T.J. and the violin.👁👁👀👀
Observant and smart (pg 4-7)👀👀🧠🧠
Smart: likes "good words"👍👍
*confused: doesn't understand why he has to keep the  secret. He is not to tell anything about where mama goes at night. Its a hard and a deep secret to keep. *He wants T.J to feel proud for him for his  first lesson on the violin
Imaginative: he likes to imagine that Mama would be married to Master Jefferson.🧠. He likes to imagine things that could happen
👯‍♂👳🏻‍

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"It was important to keep their stories alive. Family counted, living or dead." (pg 6)

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He gave Beverly the Kit Violin.
Smart
Interested in many things: politician, writer,  thinker, reader.
When he was younger he was shy.

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Sally doesn't want Beverly to call T.J papa EVER! It's to keep a secret. "What you know in your  head and what you can say out loud are not  always the same" (pg 17) Mama called it a secret everybody in Charlottesville  knew. When she explains to Beverly about his father and slavery, Beverly doesn't realize he's a slave and Mama's a slave, and that Mama and Master Jefferson can't marry because its illegal. Thomas Jefferson named Beverly after his friend. He gave him his name and a violin to show his affection.

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Joe Fossett announces  to the moutaintop people  that James Hubbard ran. Hubbard had a fake pass, got caught and went to jail. Mama explains to her children about slavery. It is very confusing to the children especially Beverly who asks many questions. Mama explains to them that when they are 21, they will be set free by Master Jefferson.
Nobody is a slave on their own... that makes you a slave, that says you have to be one, that says  you're different from somebody who isn't a slave. The difference is other people-people who make  laws and put other people into slavery and work to keep them there." (pg. 35)

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To touch and rub against while passing it causing slight damage.

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A small black child.

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To deal with or manage.

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Stare in an angry fierce way. Shine with a strong dazzling light.

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One's family and relations.

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Copied fraudulently; fake.
Make a copy imitating or faking a signature.

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A person who supervises others, especially workers.

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A person who accompanies and looks after another person or group of people.

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She doesn't want to be related to Sally and her family. She finds them intolerable.,

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Where the African- American slaves lived and worked.

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Cooked their own foods in their cabins.

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Mountaintop People: Worked in the Great House🏞

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Mountaintop People: Worked in the Great House🏞

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Ate their meals in the kitchen in a group.

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Unfortunately, James Hubbard receives his punishment of a whipping. Mama makes Beverly watch so that they understand the difference between the Heming's life versus everyone else at Monticello. She explains that all James Hubbard wanted to do was live his life. "Running away is not wrong. Sometimes the laws are not wrong. Beverly has a hard time understanding that T.J ordered the punishment. He doesn't know T.J this way, only that he gave him a violin and a nice smile.

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Parthenia, the great grandmother, came from Africa. She was captured and put on a ship to Wiliamsburg VA. Mr. Francis Eppes purchased her.

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"Your great grandma wasn't born a slave. She didn't do anything wrong. She didn't deserve to be captured..." (pg. 44)

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A merchant from England. They had Elizabeth Hemings, who is Beverly's grandma, and Sally's mother.

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Sally was Miss Martha's chaperone in France. She knew she could have stayed in France. She knew how to find a job. She was paid a wage. Why did she come back? T.J. 's term was over, and he was coming back. She was going to have a baby and her family was here. She was loyal to T.J. and Ms. Martha.

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Miss Martha and her grumpy husband and 6 children along with t.j to live in Monticello. They are home for Christmas. Miss Edith comes home with baby, James, to see Joe Fosset. Beverly hopes to see t.j and have conversations with him. Sally walloped Beverly for calling t.j "papa". T.j and family return to Washington. Davy comes back without miss Edith and her baby. Joe Fosset runs away.👵🧓👶🧑👧🧒👦👱‍♂️

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About her times she had in France🇳🇱
Friends with Ms. Martha🤝
Talks about why she goes to France 🇫🇷 (pg 66 and 67)

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When Beverly calls Master Jefferson, “Papa”, and when Beverly tries to meet with Master Jefferson .

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Loves her children, Harriet, Beverly and Maddy. Wants to be with her family thus returning from France.

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To her children, that Master Jefferson was his father, tells them about slavery:
Made them watch the whipping,
When they are 21 they will be free,

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She knows about the future of her children.
She makes Thomas Jefferson promise that her children will be free.
She knows how the institution of slavery works
She understands the law. ( pg 41)

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Gives Beverly a good wallop when he calls Jefferson “papa”, then gives him a sterner warning. (Chapter 7)

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She talks to Master Jefferson and intervenes in the behalf of Joe Fosset and Miss Edith🗣

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The rules of the great house was not to steal anything that belonged to Master Jefferson.
Punishment was a whipping.😥
Taking vegetables or other food from the slave community that was stealing too. Justice was taking or helping yourself to a small amounts or handfuls of food from the gardens etc. It was a way to feed themselves.🌽🥕🕴Sally and her family have a privilege: Master Jefferson provides them with money if they need something. Mama doesn't have to grow vegetables or raise chickens.
Beverly helps Uncle John dig the flower bed, and he runs in T.J and his granddaughter, Ellen. He feels invisible and grumpy because he feels unwanted and ignored by T.J. Beverly wants his father to acknowledge him. Mama and Uncle John tell him that everyone on MR matters, and he shouldn't let Ellen bother him. (pg 74)

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She makes sure that her secret is safe.
she goes to the great house without anyone realizing it.

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Three important things happened in the second half of 1807:
-Joe Fossett s now head blacksmith. He can earn his money for his family.
- He became head blacksmith because the Stewart, the former blacksmith was a "common drunk" and set Joe's pants on fire.
- Sally was having another baby, number 8th baby.
_Beverly figured out that in order to be a lady, Harriet would have to be "white".
- "White people in thus country. They make the  rules..." (pg.84)
-The lines of the hearth mean that Mama showed Beverly his lineage.
-7 out of 8 great grandparents, white us legally is a slave therefore Beverly is a slave white. Mama
-" I don't like secrets. Better make friends with them, they're here to stay." (pg 84)

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Beverly chooses a career as a carpenter's apprentice working alongside Uncle John. Uncle John tells him that one never knows what could happen. " You're special on account of who you are... I don't reckon anybody is going to sell you...you're still into slavery. Anything can happen. Master T.J comes home to stay.

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Thomas Jefferson is no longer the President of the U.S.A. James Madison is now the president. Jefferson comes home and the field hands are going to have a party. Papa was home for ever. Beverly is jubilant.

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The returns of T.J is chaotic. Miss Edith returns as head chef. Monsieur Julien accompanies  her to help design a new kitchen. There's new fancy equipment such as copper pots. Sally had white friends in France. France didn't see African Americans as inferior. Class matters in France. There you can be any color, but if you started as lower class you couldn't end up as a man" (pg. 106) Beverly and M. Julien have a conversation about Mama and Miss Edith. Julien tells Beverly that he and his sister appear "white". Beverly feels sad for Miss Edith and Mama for what they may have had if they were free. Beverly resents the fact that Miss Martha is going to live at Monticello.

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moving suddenly and powerful, forward or upward.

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complete disorder and confusion.😤

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Lower in rank status and quality.
Low or lower in position.🏆🎖🏅

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Extremely surprising or impressive
Amazing😱

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Hit with palm of the hand.👏

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Without any reduction in intensity or strength.

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Miss Martha has begun to dislike Beverly even more. he looks like Thomas Jefferson. Sally keeps telling Beverly so he can’t be saying “he’s my father too”. She worries about Beverly’s reputation and his future. Beverly would never be free if he became a famous slave. He wouldn’t be able to pass to leave the country. Thomas Jefferson would never treat his children as his children. Thomas Jefferson visits Beverly tries to quit hoping. Harriet comes back to the great house, and declares, “ there’s nothing in this house for me.” (Pg 115)

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Feel bitterness and indignation.

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Maddy answers the door of the great house, and he behind to talk to the white man who is a guest. The man mistook Maddy for a white boy . He becomes angry when Miss Martha and her well dressed children  come to the door. He realizes by the clothing the children are wearing by mistake. The great house because Miss Ellen, Miss Martha's daughter, is teaching him to read. Maddy already understands that he is black and a slave until the magical day of freedom. He is smarter  because he has learned as well as Beverly and Harriet. Miss Martha's worst fear was that all the guest would figure out the truth about Maddy's family. Mama decides its okay for Maddy to learn to read because no one can take it away from him. He will teach everyone else to read.

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James is the son of miss Edith and Joe Fosset. Maddy and James go fishing, but an overseer comes and needs a water boy. All the slaves are harvesting the wheat. The overseer guesses that Maddy is Miss Sally's son. He chooses James instead. Maddy heads over to Miss Edith who is in the kitchen cooking for a crowd. She asks him why he isn't with James. He tells her that the overseer chose James as a water boy. Miss Edith  him gives him a hard look, and he asks her if he can help in the kitchen. He snaps beans in the kitchen, and realizes that he got out of work not because he was Miss Sally's son, but for being Master Jefferson's son. "that was something neither he or Miss Edith could say. "(pg 113)

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Both Miss Ellen and Maddy have something in common. Both can't achieve something: knowledge. Miss Ellen wants to go to college, but because she is a girl, society doesn't allow it. Maddy, as an enslaved person, wasn't allowed to learn to read or write, because society doesn't allow it.

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To put to an end, or subdue a silence in someone.

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Having no meaning; making no sense.

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In a formal and dignified manner.
With deep sincerity.

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To go or extend across or to the other side. Pass in an opposite or different direction; intersect.

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Walk or run with leaping strides.
A leaping movement upward.

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To become or make more intense.

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Receive as an heir at the death of the previous holder.

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Employ as an apprentice.

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Lack of restraint in spending money or use of resources.

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Make someone lose courage or chances.

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The feeling of belief that someone or something is worthless or despicable; contempt.

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Feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems.

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Sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety.  causing wild unthinking behavior.
Feel or cause to feel panic.

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Lacking in quality or quantity. lean; thin.

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Anger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment.

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A device with an airbag that emits a stream of air when squeezed together with 2 handles used for blowing air into a fire.
2. An object or device concertinaed sides to allow it to expand and contract, such as a tube joining a lens to a camera body.

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Into mass or mound.
Tilt or cause to tilt sideways in making a turn.

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Simple and unsophisticated.
Made or spun at home.

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A tank for storing water,  especially one supplying taps or as part of a flushing toilet.

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Past of forbid.
Forbid: Not allowed to do .

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Recognize the full worth of.
Understand fully; Recognize the full implications of.

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The decisive or most important point at issue.
A particular point of difficulty.

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Make persistent demands on someone. especially for payment of a dept.

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A person or company to whom money is owed.

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A thing done successfully, typically by effort, courage, or skill. The process or fact of achieving something.

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Comfort received by person after a loss or disappointment.
A person or thing providing comfort to a person who has suffered.

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Be about to happen.
(of something bad) loom.

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The action or fact of indulging.

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Have qualities or features, especially those of appearance, in common with look or seem like.

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A means of raising money by selling numbered tickets and giving prizes to the holders of numbers drawn at random.

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Master Jefferson had a mockingbird that died. Maddy and James Fossett went hunting for one. They capture it and bring it to Master Jefferson.  M.J pays them fifty cents each. Maddy feels guilty because he put the bird into slavery. "The bird had been free and now it was a slave" (pg 114) Maddy gets in  a fight with James about getting paid for the bird.  Maddy wanted to give it to T.J as a gift, and James wanted the money. Maddy tells James that T.J is his father and can set him free, while Joe F. is saving up for freedom. James walks away from Maddy.

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Mama comes in and tells Maddy its time for him to learn to play the violin. Maddy was sad because he wanted to take back the bird because he didn't need any money. He is also sad because he wants to take back the words he said to James. When Mama and Maddy talk and they brig up the violin, Maddy gets irritated because he thinks he will never be as good as Beverly. Mama told Maddy to go to Beverly's job and Maddy can make his father proud. When Maddy and Beverly were walking to their violin lessons Eston comes following and asking can i come, Eston was plumb crazy about the violin. James walks in and he apologizes about everything he said to Maddy while they were catching that bird for Master Jefferson.  Maddy does the same thing right after.

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Chapter 19: James Hubbard Flogged Again.

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Chapter 19: James Hubbard Flogged Again.

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James Hubbard a field hand ran away AGAIN. He wasn't found for months until someone found him in Roanoke. They caught him and brought him back to Monticello. Master Jefferson was so angry that he told James Hubbard that he would be sold far south and never see his family again. Then he would have to be flogged again in front of everyone.  Maddy didn't want to watch James get whipped and he argued with Mama because he didn't want to see James get whipped. When it was over people wanted to help James Hubbard but the overseer said you will never see him again. Beverly and mama were arguing because Beverly said "No, Its to hard." Mama said " If you think being a white man is anything like being a slave in the cotton fields, you don't know anything. James Hubbard's mama was happy when he ran. She was happy to know he was free."
Beverly said " He wasn't free, he just hadn't been caught.

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Maddy can no longer learn anything from Miss Ellen because her mom found out that she has been teaching him. Also Miss Ellen needs to learn to take care of her household if she has a family of her own. When Maddy gets home James comes over and asks if he wants to hunt coons with him. On their way to the blacksmith shop they are arguing because Mama said that Maddy would be free at the age of 21 and he can pass off as a white person. James said" I already know I'm not white, and neither are you." Maddy got mad when James said that and walked away leaving James at the blacksmith shop. When Maddy gets home he tells Mama that James said he is not white and Mama says this: " I said it, and its true. If you're seven-eights white, your white by law. But if you look black, people will still call you black."
" If I tell them I'm white-if I explain -"
That won't do any good, Maddy. If you have to explain, you've got to tell your mama was a slave. That;ll be all they need to know. You can't be white if your Mama isn't free.

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In the beginning of the chapter, T.J. sells all his books for 20, 000 because the money problems were bad. Maddy wondered how long it would take for the money to last and how many field hand socks it could buy. Maddy worries that he isn't going to pass. " I worry that it is always gonna be different for me. "(pg 198.) Miss Edith and Joe Fosset have a new baby named, Peter. Maddy and James are both excited for him.

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James is really nuts for Peter. He wants Maddy and Eston to play the violin for Peter.

Maddy starts working as a carpenter's apprentice with Uncle John and Beverly. Uncle John shows them the Webster's Dictionary, and Maddy decides to look up the words in the primer. Maddy decides to look up the words in The Declaration of Independence. He decided the sentences are harder than the words. Beverly, Maddy and Uncle John talk about slavery.
" Government rule by the consent of the people." meaning that slavery isn't a government, and if it was they could get rid of it. James and Maddy decide to save their money to buy their freedom including Peters. Maddy worries about Jefferson dying before he turns 21. He trusts Mama, not Jefferson.  James is an apprentice at the blacksmith shop. They go to work together like real men. When work is slow, Beverly and Maddy work in the dining room with Burwell serving the out of town guest.

One evening dinner, a guest stares at Beverly and MAddy and T.J Maddy realizes how much that they look to much alike. The guest is shocked. Maddy asks what Beverly will say when he's 21. "What are you going to tell people when your white and they want to know who your daddy is?" Beverly responds, "I'll just tell them to mind their own business." (pg 214) On January 1st Jefferson sells James Fosset.

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Words that I noticed that I don't know. 

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Words that I noticed that I don't know. 

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Weak and delicate
Easily damaged or broken.
Fragile or insubstantial.

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Deserving or arousing pity.

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Chapter 26: Master Jefferson sells James 

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Chapter 26: Master Jefferson sells James 

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Mr. Bacon, the overseer, comes to the kitchen to announce that James is going to Edgehill, , Mr Randolph's farm. Miss Edith, Maddy, Beverly and Sally are all powerless to help James. Maddy wasn't sure who he hated more, his mother or Master Jefferson. (pg 219). Maddy and Beverly talk about the slaves, who were field hands, who have been sold. Maddy understands that Master Jefferson is unfair. Joe Fosset tells Maddy hes going to miss his son, James. It connects everyone because they all feel the same way. Maddy talks to Joe Fosset, and he learns that some of Joe Fosset's kin became free: his mama, Sally, his sister; his brother, Robert. He and his sister, Betsey were kept by Thomas Jefferson.  Joe has a hard time believing that James has been sold. (pg 224-225) Harriet explains to Maddy that he doesn't have a say or choice. She asks him "What do you think slavery is?" (pg. 227). Harriet tells Maddy to ask Mama about her brothers and sisters.

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Master Jefferson's wife is Martha Wayles. Her father Mr. Wayles is Sally Hemings father too.He was also the father of Sally's brothers and sisters. Mr. Wayles dies and Thomas Jefferson inherits Wayles slaves.

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"What did Master Jefferson see when he looked at Maddy? His son or his slave?" (240)
Maddy wrestles with his anger about Jefferson selling James. Neither was Maddy or his mother understand why he was sold to Mr. Randolph. Jefferson's wheat crop has not been profitable. Maddy is concerned about Jefferson's debts. Jefferson is running races with his grandchildren when Lewis, who is the youngest, knocks him over. He gets the wind knocked out of him. Maddy yells for someone to get Burwell. He rushed to help Jefferson, who was the man who sold James. He tells Beverly who says " That's a good thing. You can't change him but you can decide what kind of person you are going to be" (pg 240) Maddy has pushed away his anger.

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Master Jefferson sends Maddy, Uncle John and Beverly to Poplar Forest, Jefferson's second home. They are having a good time along the way. Maddy asks Beverly if this is what it feels to be free. Uncle John , Maddy and Beverly have a conversation about about how white people making rules for black people. Uncle John replies "A black person who doesn't follow the rules is a dangerous man in a white person's eyes.  A black person who doesn't follow the rules doesn't live very long. " (pg 248) He tells Beverly that he needs to be white inside and out. "Don't you ever, ever tell (pg 249). Master Jefferson lets Maddy play the violin . They have a discussion about Eston being a prodigy.

Maddy's Turning Point is when he cuts his hand on the saw. Master Jefferson takes care of him. He sends for the doctor who gives him stitches. Life at Poplar Forest is different because T.J has a secret side where he acts like their father to his 2 sons. Beverly says " We are his children whether he thinks about us that way or not... He loves Mama... I'll give him that." (pg 257.

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Maddy begins to worry more as time comes closer to Beverly's freedom. Even though Sally and her children are enslaved, Sally has raised her children well. Master Jefferson's daughter, Martha has many children, who sometimes make bad choices. Regardless of race, social class, wealth, problems come in all colors Mama asks Beverly to look after Harriet when she leaves Monticello. "Mama, said Harriet " you taught us well. We'll do fine." (pg. 263)

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Chapter 30: Beverly's twenty-first Birthday.  

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Chapter 30: Beverly's twenty-first Birthday.  

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Maddy couldn't believe on Beverly's last day that Eston and Beverly were arguing over the kit violin. Maddy didn't know where Beverly was going. He was worried. It was safer if he didn't know. Mama brings nice clothes.Mama tells them they'll know what freedom looks like. 2 weeks after Beverly left after the fire, Mama brings Eston and Maddy the violin that T.J played when he was younger. Maddy gave Eston the violin because that is what a good brother would do.

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In the summer of 1819, disaster after disaster strikes Master Jefferson. Its so hot that the crops died. The country went into panic.m Therefore, the banks failed and people lost their money. Everyone's worried at Monticello. Maddy, Eston, Mama and Harriet are concerned whether Beverly has a job.
At Poplar Forest a hailstorm hits and destroys the property. Maddy, Uncle John, and Eston go there and find Burwell very sick. Master Jefferson suffers from arthritis. Miss Ellen and Miss Cornelia order Maddy around. Master Jefferson receives a letter from Mr. Nicholas stating that Master Jefferson is responsible for the two thousand dollar loan. When they return to Monticello they discover shocking news: Beverly is back.

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Beverly returns because he needs a story to tell white folks. White folks ask a lot of questions. White folks are raised differently from enslaved or free black folks. Black folks have papers or they don't. "A white person wants to know who they belong to and if they're where they're supposed to be. (pg 283). Harriet maks up a story for both of them to tell. (pg 286) Maddy says to Beverly that he will be OK alone.