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In a superconductive wire, electrons will flow forever unimpeded by resistance.
They don’t let magnetic fields pass through them instead the field remains at the superconductors surface, this expulsion of magnetic fields is the messner effect.

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Super conduction is when a conductor is cooled to get rid of the electrical resistance, to get zero below a certain critical temperature second when the electricity is zero it is conducted properly without any other current, loss.
No resistance=no loss of ene
Eg. mercy (4.2K)

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Semiconductors find wide applications because of their compactness, reliability, and low cost. They can handle a wide range of current and voltage.

Uses of semiconductors-
- These materials are the foundation of modern day electronics such as radio, computers and mobile phones. Semiconductor material is used in the manufacturing of electrical components and used in electronic devices such as transistors and diodes.

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Semiconductors can be insulators at low temperatures and conductors at high temperatures.

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What are semi-conductors:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUmDVe6C-BU

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Power cannot be stored, power is an instantaneous quantity.

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A semiconductor is a material that conducts current, but only partly.

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they only work at low temperatures s

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How does Joule heating work:
It's also the amount of energy expended to produce 1 watt of power for 1 second.Joule heating relates to another aspect of electricity -- electrical current resistance. We call material that allows electricity to flow through it a conductor.

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A semi conductor is a material that have resistance levels between a conductor and an insulator. They are found in many electronic devices.
Examples of semi conductors could be:
1. Germanium
2. Selenium
3. silicon
4. Cotton and Wool
5. Marble and sand
6. Paper
7. Moist air

Video on examples of semi conductors: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GngJFddRbQ

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It was discovered by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911, in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism( basic mechanism by which certain materials such as iron form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets and atomic spectral lines.

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Mercury is an example that can become a superconductor at -269 degrees Celsius.

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Superconductors are materials that conduct electricity with no resistance. This means that, unlike the more familiar conductors such as copper or steel, a superconductor can carry a current indefinitely without losing any energy.

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Has a large number of free electrons

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Super conduction is when materials have 0 electrical resistance.For example:mercury.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLzfe_HxrWI

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Lenz Law states that the power of heating generated by a conductor is proportional to the product of its resistance and the square of current.

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A semiconductor is a substance, usually a solid chemical element or compound, that can conduct electricity, under some conditions, making it a good medium for the control of electrical current.

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Electric power lines are part of the landscape in many places in the developed world. The system for doing this is often called an electrical grid.

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Power = Work/Time
OR
P= W/T

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In physics, power is the rate of doing work per time. It is the amount of energy consumed per unit time. Having no direction, it is a scalar quantity. In the SI system, the unit of power is the joule per second (J/s)

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P= I x V
P -> Power
I -> Current V-> Voltage

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uses of a series circuit:
the small bulbs in christmas lights.
batteries in a remote.
flashlights.

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Flow of voltage or current electrons is called an electric circuit

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDT0DPhaaMY

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It is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor produces heat.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-_hfIXzdxw

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If one of the parallel paths is broken, current will continue to flow in all the other paths

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The formula for power is, a standard metric unit of power which is the Watt. As is implied by the equation for power, a unit of power is equivalent  to a unit of work divided by a unit of time. Thus, a Watt is equivalent to a Joule/second.

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youtube links:

Physics Revision Current in Parallel Circuits

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Az7VRuTA8dQ

Physics Revision Current in Series Circuits

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnoSLL_96e8

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Types of Electric Resistance Heaters:

-Electric Furnaces
-Electric Baseboard Heaters
-Electric wall heaters
-Electric Thermal Storage
-Control Systems

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y20lKZB5BR0&feature=youtu.be

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Static is dangerous when:

There are inflammable gases or vapours or a high concentration of oxygen. A spark could ignite the gases and cause an explosion.

You touch something with a large electric charge on it. The charge will flow through your body causing an electric shock. This could cause burns and sometime death.

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It is generally applied only to direct current (DC) circuits, not alternating current (AC) circuits. In AC circuits, because the current is constantly changing, other factors such as capacitance and inductance must be taken into account.

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The totally resistance of the parallel circuit is not equal to the sum of resistors ( like in a series circuit).

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Parallel circuits are used in street lights because the current is split so if one goes out then the others would still be on.

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Always use ladders made with non-conductive side rails when working with or near electricity or power lines. (e.g: Fibre glass)

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rewirable fuses have a piece of special fuse wire running between two screws. When a fault or overload current flows through the fuse wire, it will become hot and melt. The melted fuse breaks the circuit, disconnecting the faulty circuit and keeping you safe.

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Circuit breakers are designed to prevent injury or death by automatically switching off the electricity supply, within 0.03 of a second, when an electrical fault is detected.

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A force called the adhesive molecular force holds materials together. But when two different materials are pressed together and then pulled apart, the adhesive molecular force pulls electrons from one material and deposits them onto the other. This creates the separation of charges or static electricity.

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Circuit breakers act as resettable fuses.

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In a series circuit the voltage is addition of all the voltage elements. In a parallel circuit the voltage is the same for all elements.

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like charges repel. unlike charges attract.

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Ohms law is a law relating to the voltage difference between two points, the electric current flowing between them, and the resistance of the path of the current. Mathematically, the law states that V = IR, where V is the voltage difference, I is the current in amperes, and R is the resistance in ohms

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the formula for the flow of electrons is q= it
I=current
T=time
Q= electrical charge

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Resistance causes energy to be lost in a conductor, in the form of heat. This is why resistance results in a potential difference.

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Uses of static electricity:
1. A use can be in printers and photocopiers, this is where static electric charge attracts the ink onto the paper.

2. Static electricity is used in pollution control. Electrostatic precipitators are used for pollution control. Smoke is made up of tiny particles such as carbon, to remove this from the air you use a electro static precipitator. What that does is: Smoke particles pick up a negative charge, these smoke particles are attracted to the collecting plates, the collecting plates are are knocked to remove the smoke particles.

3. Another use can be spray painting, car manufacturing companies save money by using charged paint spray guns, they work as like charges repel and unlike charges attract.

youtube link for uses of static electricity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um17kQz_h8g

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Insulators can be used to protect others from dangers of conduction.

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A parallel circuit has two or more paths for current to flow through.

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When a material exhibits a linear relationship between (V) and current (I) it is said to be ohmic. For ohmic conductors the relationship is directly proportional, but the amount of current flowing for each volt will depend on the conductive properties of the material.

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V= voltage
R= resistance
I= current

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Electrostatic Induction:
Electrostatic induction is the process to create or generate static electricity in a material that is not electrically charged by bringing an object that is electrically charged near the material.

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the difference between a parallel and series circuit:
series circuit are basic types of electrical circuits in which all components are joined in a sequence so that the same current flows through all of them. But the parallel circuit is a type of circuit in which the identical voltage occurs in all components, where they split.

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The sum of the currents through each path is equal to the total current that flows from the source.
iT= i1+i2

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Switch off electrical items that are not in regular use at the plug and ensure that when we are away from the house for any length of time that you unplug and switch off electrical items as items left plugged in can be a fire risk and waste energy if left on standby.

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Switch off electrical items that are not in regular use at the plug and ensure that when we are away from the house for any length of time that you unplug and switch off electrical items as items left plugged in can be a fire risk and waste energy if left on standby.

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There are four main types of injuries: electrocution, electric shock, burns, and falls

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voltage definition: an electromagnetic force expressed in volts.

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Do not use damaged sockets, replace with care when necessary.

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Do not use damaged sockets, replace with care when necessary.

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AC= Alternating Current
DC= Direct Current
In DC, the electrons flow steadily in a single direction. In AC, electrons keep switching directions.

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Facts about static electricity
- A spark of static electricity can measure thousands of volts, but it has a little amount of current and can only last for a short period of time.
- An example of static electricity can be lightning, although lightning can b powerful and dangerous around 70 percent of people who are struck by lightning survive.

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Voltage is directly proportional to current.

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A parallel circuit has many paths to flow through

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- Objects can be positively charged, negatively charged or neutral (no charge).
-  if a substance gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged
- if a substance loses electrons, it becomes positively charged
-  static electricity can cause lightning – a flow of charge through the atmosphere

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The resistance in Ohms law is equal to the voltage in volts divided by the current in amps.

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What is Static Electricity?

Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. The charge remains in the material until it is able to move away by means of an electric current or electrical discharge.

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the unit for currents: amps
the unit for voltage: volts

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To measure voltage across a component in a circuit, you must connect the voltmeter in parallel with it.

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Keep electrical stuff far away from water.

Most electrical accidents around the house happen when people use electricity near water.

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The current in the series circuit stays the same but the voltage in the series circuit splits.
A parallel circuit's current changes but the voltage remains the same.

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Don’t remove a plug from a power point by pulling on the cord; pull the plug instead.

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A flow of electrons is called, Electric Current.

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in a parallel circuit the current splits themselves into how many bulbs there are so each bulb gets an equal amount of amps

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1. DON'T plug a bunch of stuff into one outlet or extension cord.
It could damage the electrical system in your house or even cause a fire.

2. DONT yank an electrical cord from the wall
Doing so can damage the appliance, the outlet, and the plug making it unsafe to use

3. Assume that all overhead wires are energised at lethal voltages. Never assume that a wire is safe to touch even if it is down or appears to be insulated.