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http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol03/03/08.pdf

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It was very curious to see the contrast of expressions of the white men and of the black fellows of our crew, who were as much strangers to that part of the river as we, though their homes were only eight hundred miles away. (Part 2 pg 114)

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It was very curious to see the contrast of expressions of the white men and of the black fellows of our crew, who were as much strangers to that part of the river as we, though their homes were only eight hundred miles away. (Part 2 pg 114)

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- The word "only" when describing the distance to their home is representative of the differences in culture between the whites and blacks, to Marlow 800 miles is a navigable distance, but to the blacks they are strangers to the new land.
- Quote is also representative of a similarity the two races share, as they are both strangers to the land, despite the tendency for most whites to lump Africa together in one big sum.

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Everything belonged to him -- but that was a trifle. The thing was to know what he belonged to, how many powers of darkness claimed him for their own. (44 Abbi/Epiphany)

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Everything belonged to him -- but that was a trifle. The thing was to know what he belonged to, how many powers of darkness claimed him for their own. (44 Abbi/Epiphany)

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-characterization of Kurtz as greedy and self-centered --> only concerned with his own desires and gaining power/control
-personification of darkness --> the darkness has control of Kurtz and Marlow recognizes that
-commentary on humanity -- thematic: humans often give into/are manipulated by the darkness of human nature

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The reaches opened before us and closed behind, as if the forest had stepped leisurely across the water to bar the way for our return. We penetrated deeper and deeper into the heart of darkness. It was very quiet there. (31 Abbi/Epiphany's book)

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The reaches opened before us and closed behind, as if the forest had stepped leisurely across the water to bar the way for our return. We penetrated deeper and deeper into the heart of darkness. It was very quiet there. (31 Abbi/Epiphany's book)

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-personification again (pattern) of forest --> personified as carefree, but menacing,  the "bad guy" in the book
-metaphorical and literal barring --> metaphorical = they won't return the same, barring them from their former selves and from what makes them who they are; trapping the darkness, trapping Kurtz (his mind, and he never leaves)
-tonal significance --> eerie - penetrating, quiet, darkness

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The earth seemed unearthly. We are accustomed to look upon the shackled form of a conquered monster, but there -- there you could look at a thing monstrous and free. (32 Abbi/Epiphany)

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The earth seemed unearthly. We are accustomed to look upon the shackled form of a conquered monster, but there -- there you could look at a thing monstrous and free. (32 Abbi/Epiphany)

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-characterization of both land & Europeans --> land = a living being that is naturally untamed and "scary" and the Europeans have "tamed" it or shackled it
-could interpret social commentary about European civilization and the earth in its natural form

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Going up that river was like traveling back to the earliest beginnings of the world, when vegetation rioted on the earth and the big trees were kings. (30 Abbi/Epiphany's book)

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Going up that river was like traveling back to the earliest beginnings of the world, when vegetation rioted on the earth and the big trees were kings. (30 Abbi/Epiphany's book)

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-personification of vegetation and trees, the trees are the ancient kings of the earth, they have been around longer than humans --> shows that the wilderness is significant and the trees "above" them
-thematic significance --> the wilderness is a living being and a major character of the book
-imagery is wild, untamed, and dense

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 Since I had peeped over the edge myself, I understand better the meaning of his stare, that could not see the flame of the candle, but was wide enough to embrace the whole universe, piercing enough to penetrate all the hearts that beat in the darkness. (65 Abbi/Epiphany's book)

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 Since I had peeped over the edge myself, I understand better the meaning of his stare, that could not see the flame of the candle, but was wide enough to embrace the whole universe, piercing enough to penetrate all the hearts that beat in the darkness. (65 Abbi/Epiphany's book)

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-talking about Kurtz final moments, unable to see the candle Marlow held, and how Marlow had seen the darkness Kurtz had seen
-Kurtz is like God- he has seen all, the darkness of man, and he passes judgement
-Seeing the darkness changes you...idea of a deadly enlightenment. Kurtz has seen everything, and so has Marlow. Reminiscent of Buddhism/religion in general, of searching for enlightenment of what the universe means (Marlow sits in a Buddah pose throughout the entirety of his tale)....it is only after he finishes telling his story the narrator sees the darkness around him fully

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It was as though an animated image of death carved out of old ivory had been shaking its hand with menaces at a motionless crowd of men made of dark and glittering bronze. I saw him open his mouth wide—it gave him a weirdly voracious aspect, as though he had wanted to swallow all the air, all the earth, all the men before him. (55 Abbi/Epiphany's book)

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It was as though an animated image of death carved out of old ivory had been shaking its hand with menaces at a motionless crowd of men made of dark and glittering bronze. I saw him open his mouth wide—it gave him a weirdly voracious aspect, as though he had wanted to swallow all the air, all the earth, all the men before him. (55 Abbi/Epiphany's book)

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-this description of Kurtz is so different from what we've heard about him throughout this whole book...he's been pretty over-hyped.
-His greed for ivory has turned him into ivory
-monstrous, inhuman aspect (carved of ivory, large open mouth)

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 I looked around, and I don’t know why, but I assure you that never, never before, did this land, this river, this jungle, the very arch of this blazing sky, appear to me so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness. (pg 51 Abbi/Epiphany's book)

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 I looked around, and I don’t know why, but I assure you that never, never before, did this land, this river, this jungle, the very arch of this blazing sky, appear to me so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness. (pg 51 Abbi/Epiphany's book)

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-using natural diction negatively (creates a bright natural image but calls it dark)
-juxtaposition of openness and confinement (wide open sky vs impenetrable)
-this forest will NOT tolerate humans

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You know I hate, detest, and can’t bear a lie, not because I am straighter than the rest of us, but simply because it appalls me. There is a taint of death, a flavour of mortality in lies—which is exactly what I hate and detest in the world—what I want to forget. It makes me miserable and sick, like biting something rotten would do. 

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You know I hate, detest, and can’t bear a lie, not because I am straighter than the rest of us, but simply because it appalls me. There is a taint of death, a flavour of mortality in lies—which is exactly what I hate and detest in the world—what I want to forget. It makes me miserable and sick, like biting something rotten would do. 

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- Highlights the culture and civility that Marlow is used to.
- the exact thing which is stripped away from him
-Lying is a human nature, something so bare and primitive that it is hated in western societies.

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"...there she was, incomprehensible, firing into a continent. Pop, would go one of the six-inch guns; a small flame would dart and vanish, a little white smoke would disappear, a tiny projectile would give a feeble screech—and nothing happened. Nothing could happen. There was a touch of insanity in the proceeding, a sense of lugubrious drollery in the sight; and it was not dissipated by somebody on board assuring me earnestly there was a camp of natives—he called them enemies!—hidden out of sight somewhere"(41).

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"...there she was, incomprehensible, firing into a continent. Pop, would go one of the six-inch guns; a small flame would dart and vanish, a little white smoke would disappear, a tiny projectile would give a feeble screech—and nothing happened. Nothing could happen. There was a touch of insanity in the proceeding, a sense of lugubrious drollery in the sight; and it was not dissipated by somebody on board assuring me earnestly there was a camp of natives—he called them enemies!—hidden out of sight somewhere"(41).

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t- The listing mechanizes the actions, causing the reader to forget this is causing the deaths of human beings
-lugubrious drollery presents an oxymoron as lugubrious means sad looking and drollery meaning something that provokes a dry amusement. In this way, the Europeans are shown to be enjoying the killings of the natives.
-in the listing, the parts of the gun are written to be doing the actions themselves (a small flame would dart and vanish) to separate the action from the actor, thus demonstrating how disconnected the Europeans were from the actions they took.
- they anaphora of "would"' highlights that this is a normal action.

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In the empty immensity of earth, sky, and water, there she was, incomprehensible, firing into a continent. Pop, would go one of the six-inch guns; a small flame would dart and vanish, a little white smoke would disappear, a tiny projectile would give a feeble screech—and nothing happened. Nothing could happen. There was a touch of insanity in the proceeding, a sense of lugubrious drollery in the sight; and it was not dissipated by somebody on board assuring me earnestly there was a camp of natives—he called them enemies!—hidden out of sight somewhere.

# data[].attributes.subject
In the empty immensity of earth, sky, and water, there she was, incomprehensible, firing into a continent. Pop, would go one of the six-inch guns; a small flame would dart and vanish, a little white smoke would disappear, a tiny projectile would give a feeble screech—and nothing happened. Nothing could happen. There was a touch of insanity in the proceeding, a sense of lugubrious drollery in the sight; and it was not dissipated by somebody on board assuring me earnestly there was a camp of natives—he called them enemies!—hidden out of sight somewhere.

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"The word ‘ivory’ rang in the air, was whispered, was sighed. You would think they were praying to it"(52).

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"The word ‘ivory’ rang in the air, was whispered, was sighed. You would think they were praying to it"(52).

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- the whiteness of ivory creates a contradiction as whiteness is associated with purity and ivory is associated with greed.
-Serves as a  greater metaphor for the Europeans actions in Africa (they say they're purifying the natives but they're just raping the earth (and women) for monetary gain)
-Whispered and sighed underscores the metaphor as it shows they're not outright saying it
-Rang has biblical connotations which highlight the European's hypocrisy

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 It was difficult to realize his work was not out there in the luminous estuary, but behind him, within the brooding gloom. (1)

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 It was difficult to realize his work was not out there in the luminous estuary, but behind him, within the brooding gloom. (1)

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- Speaking about the captain of the boat
- Leaving the river Thames onto the far off ocean
- Therefore the realization of the work was not out at sea, discovering new lands, but behind him, in the land he has discovered, which he describes as brooding gloom (England)
- Describing England as a gloom creates similarity between it and Africa

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"We called at some more places with farcical names, where the merry dance of death and trade goes on in a still and earthy atmosphere as of an overheated catacomb; all along the formless coast bordered by dangerous surf, as if Nature herself had tried to ward off intruders; in and out of rivers, streams of death in life, whose banks were rotting into mud, whose waters, thickened into slime, invaded the contorted mangroves, that seemed to writhe at us in the extremity of an impotent despair."

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"We called at some more places with farcical names, where the merry dance of death and trade goes on in a still and earthy atmosphere as of an overheated catacomb; all along the formless coast bordered by dangerous surf, as if Nature herself had tried to ward off intruders; in and out of rivers, streams of death in life, whose banks were rotting into mud, whose waters, thickened into slime, invaded the contorted mangroves, that seemed to writhe at us in the extremity of an impotent despair."

# data[].attributes.body
-all one sentence: continuity, flow of life and death
-"farcical names", "merry dance", understatment of importance of life and death
-forewarning, this land is a tomb, "overheated catacomb," whole description of second semicolon
-painful diction: "overheated", "rotting", "contorted", "invaded", "writhe", "impotent despair"
-water often thought to bring life, here it brings both life and death

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The sun set; the dusk fell on the stream, and lights began to appear along the shore. The Chapman light-house, a three-legged thing erect on a mud-flat, shone strongly. Lights of ships moved in the fairway—a great stir of lights going up and going down. And farther west on the upper reaches the place of the monstrous town was still marked ominously on the sky, a brooding gloom in sunshine, a lurid glare under the stars. (29)

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The sun set; the dusk fell on the stream, and lights began to appear along the shore. The Chapman light-house, a three-legged thing erect on a mud-flat, shone strongly. Lights of ships moved in the fairway—a great stir of lights going up and going down. And farther west on the upper reaches the place of the monstrous town was still marked ominously on the sky, a brooding gloom in sunshine, a lurid glare under the stars. (29)

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- Psychological setting through adjectives associated with the town (monstrous)
- Setting on the Thames
- Sun sets and brings in usual darkness but since they are civilized, the lights turn on