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Classic Hollywood- what is a 'narrative tradition' ?

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Classic Hollywood- what is a 'narrative tradition' ?

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Narrative tradition is organised around a gold driven protagonist and the 'gold' may be something such as a girl or reward. The protagonist goals are in-vital to the story life and it's usually the protagonist saving a town or a girl and then minor characters even help or hinder the protagonists progress with what they are trying to achieve. This type of story life became very used and is now referred to as a narrative tradition.

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Media institutions like the superhero genre as it is using what is called existing intellectual properties. These are existing stories that use characters and storylines that have already proved to be popular. Media institutions are prepared to invest large sums of money in the construction of superhero stories because there is already an established audience who are fans of, or are interested in the characters. This creates a relatively safe economic opportunity because there is a strong likelihood that a superhero text will find an audience and make money for the media institution producing it.

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The Dolly Zoom
Trombone Shot
The Low Angle Trunk Shot
Dutch Angle
The Close-up Montage

The Whip Pan
Long Tracking Shots

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The director - rather than the
studio - took on a key authorial role

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The 1950s and early 1960s saw a Hollywood dominated by musicals, historical epics, and other films that benefited from the larger screens, wider framing and improved sound.

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The 1950s and early 1960s saw a Hollywood dominated by musicals, historical epics, and other films that benefited from the larger screens, wider framing and improved sound.

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To conceal the fundamental choices filmmaking makes on the substance and manners of screen appearance. The invisibility origins from its capacity to
conceal the “artificial” choices filmmakers make and simultaneously present a “natural” and acceptable work to the audiences. The necessity
to form this invisibility into a classical style is due to the historical
context within which “the arrival of sound, intensifying economicconcentration, and political crisis” result in the “deliberate evocations of traditional myths” and “a new continuity with American culture.

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In film history, realism has designated two distinct modes of filmmaking and two approaches to the cinematographic image. In the first instance, cinematic realism refers to the verisimilitude of a film to the believability of its characters and events.

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Formalist film theory is a theory of film study that is focused on the formal, or technical, elements of a film: i.e., the lighting, scoring, sound and set design, use of color, shot composition, and editing. It is a major theory of film study today.

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The moment that is often considered to be the beginning of the end for the studio system, and the end of Hollywood's Golden Age, is the 1948 landmark Supreme Court decision United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. While this decision saw precedent in a 1938 anti-trust case by Attorney General Thurman Arnold that restricted the practice of block bookingnote  by the "Big Five" studios (Paramount, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Warner Bros., 20th Century Fox, and RKO Radio Pictures) that owned their own theater chains, that decision largely went unenforced as World War II diverted the nation's attention soon after — and in any event, Hollywood's "Little Three" studios (Universal, Columbia Pictures, and United Artists), which didn't own any theaters, felt that it didn't go nearly far enough.

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Famous actors/actresses
- Clint Eastwood, Barbra Streisand, Burt Reynolds, Paul Newman

Big-name directors
- Francis Ford Coppola directed big hit films that he is known for in the 1970's. Examples of a few films he is well known for during the new Hollywood era are: The Godfather, part 1 and part 2, Apocalypse Now and The Conversation.
- Franklin J. Schaffner also directed some big films in the New Hollywood era like Planet of the Apes (1968), The Best Man and Patton

Driven by action?
- It is evident that films of the new Hollywood era are driven by action as the most famous films of this era like Jaws, The Godfather and Blade Runner are all films that are purely driven by its fast paced action scenes that each film won awards for being directed so well.

Wide appeal?
- These films in the new Hollywood time period all had a wide appeal as they followed many codes and conventions of other action films from the classic Hollywood time period but made it much more interesting and fast paces through the use of sound effects and a more realistic mise-en-scene.

Huge budgets?
- Not all films of this new Hollywood era were produced on a high budget, interestingly some of the biggest and most iconic films of this era like The Godfather was made on quite a low budget and made a massive profit out of the making. The godfather part 1 was made on an estimated 6 million USD and also made a worldwide box office profit of $268,500,000

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With the Vietnam War in full swing, the 1970’s began with an essence of disenchantment and frustration within American culture. Although Hollywood had seen its lowest times, during the late 1960’s, the 1970’s saw a rush of creativity due to changes in restrictions on language, sex, violence, and other strong thematic content. American counterculture inspired Hollywood to take greater risks with new alternative filmmakers.

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why did attendance drop in movie theaters drop in the 1950s

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why did attendance drop in movie theaters drop in the 1950s

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the drop in movie theater attendance can be blamed on a multitude of factors. firstly television was coming into most homes and causing a lot of families to choose the easy option of turning on their TVs over going to the theater. Secondly,  the morality and patriotism of Hollywood films and filmmakers were under attack from government, religious, and citizens' groups. finally foreign revenues were endangered by protectionist tactics including quota systems, high taxes, and blocked funds.

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1963 was the slowest year in film production; approximately 120 movies were released, which was fewer than any year to date since the 1920’s. This decline in production was caused by lower profits due to the pull of television. Film companies instead began to make money in other areas: music records, movies made for TV, and the invention of the TV series.
https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=classical+hollywood+lost+money&newwindow=1&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj5nKGgz6LZAhVIe8AKHYCVBH8Q_AUICSgA&biw=1280&bih=633&dpr=1.5&safe=active&ssui=on

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New Hollywood cinema uses a linear narrative to present its story which made it easier for the audience to understand the content of the film. These films are notorious for following the 'cookie-cutter' three-act structure:

-Introduction: introducing the main characters and how they fit into their diegesis (the world they live in).

-Rising action: a build up of pace where the main character is trying to resolve the situation at hand but are unable to do so because of something they lack or perhaps due to the villain. This portion contains the first turning point of the story.

-Resolution: where the story is resolved. The second turning of the story occurs here.

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Classical Hollywood- Who were the little 3? 

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Classical Hollywood- Who were the little 3? 

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1. Columbia: The studio started to thrive when they started working with director Frank Capra in the 1930′s. With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the primary homes of the screwball comedy. In the 1930s, Columbia’s major contract stars were Jean Arthur and Cary Grant. In the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studio’s premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s. Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio.

2. Universal: The oldest of all these studio’s. It was founded in 1912 and offered a variety of picture packages which allowed an exhibitor to show a different film every day. The first feature film, Traffic in Souls (1913) grossed $0.5 million. The most remembered films include Frankenstein and The Birds. One of Universal’s most well-known horror films, and the one that began the craze that was to follow, was their adaptation of Bram Stoker’s Dracula in 1931.

3.United Artists: Formed by 4 actors who wanted to take control of their own careers: Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., D.W Griffith and Charlie Chaplin. His Majesty, the American was the first film created by and starring Fairbanks. It was a success. There was limited funding for movies at the time. Without selling stock to the public like the other studios of the time, all United had to work with was weekly prepayment installments from theater owners for the upcoming movies. Thus production was slow with the company distributing for the first five years averaging five films. United Artists continued to grow and is still around today.

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United States v. Paramount Pictures,  was a landmark United States Supreme Court antitrust case that decided the fate of movie studios owning their own theaters and holding exclusivity rights on which theaters would show their films. It would also change the way Hollywood movies were produced, distributed, and exhibited

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Sony
20th Century Fox
Universal pictures
Warner Bros.
Paramount Pictures
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures

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problem is introduced early

characters work on the problem

by the end the problem is solved.

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How did Orson Welles' methods differ from those of other Hollywood directors of the 1940's?

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How did Orson Welles' methods differ from those of other Hollywood directors of the 1940's?

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Orson Welles methods differed as he innovated with the camera a lot more than the directions making film in the 1940's did. Orson Welles also introduced independent movies  and he revolutionised the use of sound.

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The Graduate - 3 million USD
Bonnie and Clyde - 2.5 million USD
The Godfather - 6 million USD
Taxi Driver - 1.3 million USD
Apocalypse Now - 31.5 million USD

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follows a set of unspoken rules
still commonly used in todays film
is usually expected by the audience.

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What is New Hollywood sometimes referred to as?

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What is New Hollywood sometimes referred to as?

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the "American New Wave"

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Decision handed down 1948
end of vertical integration in Hollywood (until the 80s)
vertical integration violates Sherman anti-trust act

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in early new Hollywood cinema several films including; jaws (1975) starwars (1977) and the god father(1972) were considered to be 'blockbuster' films. The word blockbuster was a term to show the scale and impact of a film. all three of these films were huge on release and are considered staples in the new Hollywood wave of cinema. when these films came out it showed people what film makers could truly do and the worlds they could bring to life.

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selling multiple films to a theater as a unit

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Famous Directors associated with New Hollywood

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Famous Directors associated with New Hollywood

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Steven Spielberg
George Lucas
Hal Ashby
Robert Altman
Martin Scorsese

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3D is a motion picture that enhances the sense of depth in a film and giving it a third dimension. stereoscopic photography was the most common way of making 3D film. During this process a regular motion picture camera system is used to record the images as seen from two perspectives and special projection hardware and/or eye wear are used to limit the visibility of each image in the pair to the viewer's left or right eye only.

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technicolor was a series of colour motion picture processes. It was the most widely used colour process used in Hollywood from 1922-52. technicolor heavily saturated the colour in film and was heavily celebrated for this fact. it was widely seen in musicals at the time for example, 'the wizard of oz'.

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The American New Wave - The New Hollywood directors

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The American New Wave - The New Hollywood directors

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Francis Coppola, Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, Brian De Palma and others (UKs Ridley Scott) – tried to revolutionise the way American films were made and appreciated. https://rjctarrielacinema.wordpress.com/2013/07/10/american-cinema-the-film-school-generation/ The segment (click link above) explores the financial and cultural forces that made their success possible; the influence of classical Hollywood genres, new technology, and the French New Wave on their work; and their continuing evolution as idiosyncratic film makers with commercial clout.

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Easy Rider, Raging Bulls https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0jsxeXXtBk&t=5628s

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The Blockbuster era began in the mid 1970's.

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Baby Boomer Generation (1960s) - Baby boomer is a term used to describe people roughly born between 1946 and 1964, making up a substantial portion of the world's population.

During 1960s, hollywood was dominated by what is often referred to as New Hollywood, a movement rather than a style of film-making. By the early 1960s, a new generation of young filmmakers influenced the types of films produced, their production and marketing, and the way major studios approached film-making in itself. In New Hollywood films, the director, rather than the studio, took on a key authorial role. Instead of producing films solely for commercial gain, studios worked to view film as an art and reviving creative expression.

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between 1917 and the early 1960s and eventually became the most powerful style of film-making worldwide.

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When did New Hollywood end and what was its downfall?

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When did New Hollywood end and what was its downfall?

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It is uncertain when the New Hollywood era ended, but it started to fall as the popularity oftelevision increased

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By 1970 unemployment in Hollywood was over 40% - what was the impact of this for cinema?  

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By 1970 unemployment in Hollywood was over 40% - what was the impact of this for cinema?  

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although the 1970s began with Hollywood going through financial and artistic depression, the decade became less Restrictive on language, adult content and sexuality, and violence. The hippie movement, the civil rights movement, free love, the growth of rock and roll, changing gender roles and drug use certainly had an impact. Experimental film-makers became very popular as people no longer wanted to watch typical movies. most of these movies were on very low budgets and

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Peter Biskind - Easy Riders, Raging Bulls

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the period following the decline of the studio system in the '50s and '60s and the end of the production code

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mid-to-late 1960s to the early 1980s