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- Pope Urban II
- Alexius Comneus
- The Jewish
- The Turkish Muslims

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During the First Crusade, Christian knights from Europe captured Jerusalem after seven weeks of siege and began massacring the city's Muslim and Jewish population
The first crusaders were actually undisciplined hordes of French and German peasants who met with little success. One group, known as the “People’s Crusade,” reached as far as Constantinople before being annihilated by the Turks.
In June, the crusaders captured the Turkish-held city of Nicaea and then defeated a massive army of Seljuk Turks at Dorylaeum. From there, they marched on to Antioch, located on the Orontes River below Mount Silpius, and began a difficult six-month siege during which they repulsed several attacks by Turkish relief armies.

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In the beginning of the 11th century, Christians in Jerusalem were increasingly persecuted by the city’s Islamic rulers, especially when control of the holy city passed from the relatively tolerant Egyptians to the Seljuk Turks in 1071.
The First Crusade endured from 1096-99.

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It happened all over Europe but mainly in:
- Clermont
- Cologne
- Belgrade
- Jerusalem
- Byzantine

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Alexius' territory had vanished due to the invasions of the Seljuq Turkish Muslims, Alexius then approached Pope Urban II for Supplies, defence and a few thousand trained men but Pope Urban had another idea, this idea advanced into the First Crusade

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How did the First Crusade change Christianity

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How did the First Crusade change Christianity

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1. The earliest military orders originated in Jerusalem in the wake of the First Crusade. A military order is a religious order in which members take traditional monastic vows—communal poverty, chastity, and obedience—but also commit to violence on behalf of the Christian faith. Examples include the Knights Templar (officially endorsed in 1129), the Knights Hospitaller (confirmed by papal bull in 1113), and the Teutonic Knights (originated in the late twelfth century).

2. Crusading played a major role in European territorial expansion. The First Crusade resulted in the formation of the crusader states in the Levant (the eastern Mediterranean), which were initially governed, and in small part populated, by settlers from Europe.

3. The crusading movement impacted internal European development in a few important ways. The movement helped both to militarize the medieval western Church and to sustain criticism of that militarization. It arguably helped solidify the pope’s control over the Church and made certain financial innovations central to Church operations. And it both reflected and influenced devotional trends.

4. The crusading movement has left an imprint on the world as a whole. For example, many of the national flags of Europe incorporate a cross. In addition,  many images of crusaders in our popular culture are indebted to the nineteenth century. Some in that century, like the novelist Sir Walter Scott, portrayed crusaders as brave and glamorous yet backward and unenlightened. These trends in nineteenth-century European culture impacted the Islamic world. Sometimes this influence was quite direct. In 1898 German Emperor Wilhelm II visited the grave of Saladin (Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb, a Muslim leader who led the recapture of Jerusalem in 1187) and was appalled at its state of disrepair. He paid to have it rebuilt, thus helping encourage modern Islamic appreciation of Saladin.