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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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DSM-5 updated many important logistics:
-Replaced "pervasive development disorder" with "autism spectrum disorder"
-Inclusion of hyper- and hypo- reactivity to sensory input

-3 diagnostic dimensions-> qualitative impairment in social interaction, a qualitative impairment in communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior
-combines social and communication dimensions into one

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Children with ASD can be very attentive to detail, while they struggle with understanding the overall picture, as if looking at the world through a small tunnel. When in the classroom, children with ASD struggle to focus because they can often become preoccupied with one detail. Parents and teachers may have to direct the child where to look and clarify what information is relevant.

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Autism was thought to be an expression of schizophrenia or psychosis caused by mothers not loving their child. AKA refrigerator mothers

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impaired theory of mind, weak central coherence and impaired executive function

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Level 3: "Requiring very substantial support"
-Severe communication deficits
-Minimal responses to social overtures of others
-Inflexibility of behavior
-Extreme difficulty coping with change

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Level 2: "Requiring substantial support"
-Social and communication impairments (speaks in simple sentences)
-Reduced responses to social overture of others
-Distress in changing focus
-Obvious, repetitive behaviors

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Level 1: "Requiring support"
-Speak in full sentences but struggle in conversations
-Atypical responses to social overture of others
-Difficulty switching activities
-Problems with organization

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Ms. Portia Iversen is the founder of the Innovative Technology for Autism (ITA) and the International Meeting For Autism Research (IMFAR). She is also the co-founder of The Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) and The Cure Autism Now Foundation (CAN), which is now part of Autism Speaks. Ms. Iversen’s passion for ASD research began in 1995, shortly after her son was diagnosed with autism.

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is a professor and research director at the M.I.N.D. Institute at University of California Davis as well as a scientist at the California National Primate Research Center. Dr. Amaral uses longitudinal MRI studies of children with autism as well as studies of the autoantibodies of autistic children and their mothers.

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Brooke Olson is the president and co-founder of iTaalk Autism Foundation. Her son, diagnosed with ASD, made great strides with his language development after receiving an iPod touch. Brooke made it her mission to get devices into the hands of other children with ASD. That is when iTaalk was founded. Although getting the devices to ASD children is important, Brooke also realized that was not enough. People also needed to know how to use them to get the results that Brooke saw with her son. There is a training series offered by iTaalk that includes “iTaalk 101-104” for families and “iTaalk 201-204” which is for professionals. Resources for families that have children with ASD are also available through iTaalk, including a list of the top 30 apps that can be helpful for those with ASD. Many parents, autistic support teachers, and therapists have benefited from presentations made by iTaalk as well.

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-We now call what was once considered Aspergers "ASD Level 1 without language or intellectual impairment."
-Children and adults who were once diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome should be given the diagnosis of ASD.
-The term may still be legitimately used by clinicians, therapists, teachers, parents, and those with an ASD Level 1

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Mozart is said to have had repeated facial expressions and was in need of constant motion of his hands and feet. His hearing was also very sensitive. By studying letters between the musician and his family, historians have shared that one day Mozart was having a bit of a bored moment so he jumped up and hurdled over tables and chairs, meowed like a cat and did somersaults.

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Tim’s wife, Helena Bonham Carter, diagnosed him with Asperger’s syndrome. While she was researching for a film she had a bit of an “a-ha moment” when so many of the symptoms of Asperger’s syndrome lined up with the traits that she loves in her husband. Helena says: “We were watching a documentary about autism and he said that’s how he felt as a child. Autistic people have application and dedication. You can say something to Tim when he’s working and he doesn’t hear you. But that quality also makes him a fantastic father, he has an amazing sense of humor and imagination. He sees things other people don’t see.”

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The simple, repeating pattern defined an entire era of art. Britain’s leading diagnostic center for autism and Asperger’s syndrome, suggests that Warhol’s love of repetition was actually a symptom of autism.

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Leading doctors and psychiatrists, who have studied the habits and nature of Darwin believe that Darwin suffered from autism. Why? Well because of his continuous habit of  playing attention to key details while on his journeys and his difficulties in establishing long lasting social interaction.

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Dan Aykroyd – Comedic Actor

Hans Christian Andersen – Children’s Author

Benjamin Banneker – African American almanac author, surveyor, naturalist, and farmer

Susan Boyle – Singer

Tim Burton – Movie Director

Lewis Carroll – Author of “Alice in Wonderland”

Henry Cavendish – Scientist

Charles Darwin – Naturalist, Geologist, and Biologist

Emily Dickinson – Poet

Paul Dirac – Physicist

Albert Einstein – Scientist & Mathematician

Bobby Fischer – Chess Grandmaster

Bill Gates – Co-founder of the Microsoft Corporation

Temple Grandin – Animal Scientist

Daryl Hannah – Actress & Environmental Activist

Thomas Jefferson – Early American Politician

Steve Jobs – Former CEO of Apple

James Joyce – Author of “Ulysses”

Alfred Kinsey – Sexologist & Biologist

Stanley Kubrick – Film Director

Barbara McClintock – Scientist and Cytogeneticist

Michelangelo – Sculptor, Painter, Architect, Poet

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Classical Composer

Sir Isaac Newton – Mathematician, Astronomer, & Physicist

Jerry Seinfeld – Comedian

Satoshi Tajiri – Creator of Nintendo’s Pokémon

Nikola Tesla – Inventor

Andy Warhol – Artist

Ludwig Wittgenstein – Philosopher

William Butler Yeats – Poet

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While it was previously considered a stand-alone diagnosis (separate from autism itself or another kind of autism previously known as "pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified," or PDD-NOS) Asperger's Syndrome now falls under the umbrella term Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), in which patients could be grouped along a continuum from mild to severe.