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-Believed sun was motionless in the center of the universe and earth rotates on axis around the sun
-Believed nothing physical in the universe should be questioned, despite what the Bible says
-Believed the secrets of nature were written in the "language of mathematics"
-Taught mathematics at prestigious universities in Europe
-First to make systematic observations of "the heavens" using a telescope... led to new age in astronomy
-Discovered mountains and craters on the moon, 4 moons revolving around Jupiter, phases of Venus, sun spots, etc.
-Observations changed traditional cosmology in that the universe "seemed to be completed of material substance similar to earth, rather than perfect and unchanging substance"
-His revelations were published in The Starry Messenger, which stunned contemporaries
-Made Europeans aware of the new picture of the universe rather than the mathematical theories of the time
-Gained more support for the Copernican thesis, which he supported
-His idea of the universe threatened traditional belief that heaven was a spiritual world but only matter; changed traditional belief in that humans are not at the center of the universe and God was not in a specific place... this raised many uncertainties in society (especially with Catholic Church)
-Published "The Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican"
-"The Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican" was written in Italian, not Latin... making it more widely available
-Contributions to mechanics
-Contributions to motion:
-If uniform force is applied to an object, the object moves at an accelerated speed rather than constant speed
-Discovered principal of inertia: argued that a body in motion continues in motion forever unless it is interfered with by an external force
-Believed a state of uniform motion is just as natural as a state of rest

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMM8vx9vDiE

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The accepted view of the world was the Aristotelian view which was the only view supported by the Catholic Church. The commonly accepted belief was that the Earth was the center of the universe. It was believed that the sun rotated around the Earth. The sun was believed to be perfect.

Galileo stated that the Earth revolved around the sun and that the sun was the center.

He proved this by looking into space with his telescope and found that Venus had phases like the moon proving that it rotated around the sun. He also discovered that Jupiter had moons that revolved around Jupiter and not the Earth. Later, he found that the sun had sunspots which refuted the belief that the sun was perfect. He later came up with the universal law of acceleration.

Galileo studied mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, and physics.

Johann Kepler supported Galileo and they supported each other in their work. Copernicus inspired Galileo.

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Christina Muraskas
Gwen Milas
Emily Schroeder

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As Galileo studied the planets and the Sun, he became convinced that the Earth and the other planets orbited the Sun. In 1632, he wrote a book called the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. In this book he described why he thought the Earth orbited the Sun. However, the powerful Catholic Church considered Galileo's ideas as heresy.  Galileo was accused twice of heresy by the Church for his beliefs. At first the Church sentenced him to a life in prison, but later they allowed him to remain under house arrest in his home in Tuscany for the rest of his days.  He eventually died in his home on January 8th, 1642.