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In the province of Cañar, in the south of the country, at 3,160 meters above sea level and 16 km from the city of Cañar, stands the most important archaeological construction of Inca origin in the current Republic of Ecuador.

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Ingapirca was a community of the El Tambo parish, it became a parish on May 1, 1919 with the management and initiative of the Presbyter Don Luis Sarmiento due to the administrative need to resolve the conflicts between landowners and community members who lived together in this agricultural and livestock jurisdiction. .

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In the province of Cañar, in the south of the country, at 3,160 meters above sea level and 16 km from the city of Cañar, stands the most important archaeological construction of Inca origin in the current Republic of Ecuador.

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Ingapirca is, without a doubt, the most important pre-Columbian archaeological site in Ecuador. The best preserved Inca architectural complex in the country rests on this site, located in the province of Cañar.

Ingapirca, a Kichwa word that means ‘wall or wall of the Inca’, is the name used to designate this pre-Columbian site in the southern Andean region of Ecuador, which is located at 3,160 meters above sea level, within a unique natural landscape. Nestled in a basin with a cold and seasonal climate constantly swept by the wind that runs through the southern mountain range of Ecuador.

Symbol of the Inca domain before the Spanish conquest in America, this entire four-hectare archaeological complex is a must for all those who want to know the Qhapaq Ñan - Andean Víal System, as this site in addition to concentrating the Cañari culture (500 d . C.) was an important ceremonial zone, which united diverse cultures through the Tahuantinsuyo and became, like Macchu Picchu in Cuzco (Peru), symbols of the power of the Inca civilization.

But long before these events, in pre-Columbian times, through historical studies carried out at the site, it has been revealed that after a long occupation by tribal groups that made up the Cañari nation, its inhabitants occupied at least the territory. Cordillerano, which extends from the south of Chimborazo to the far north.

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Ingapirca is a flourishing parish in the Southern Sierra of Ecuador with 240 km2 and a population of approximately 14,000 inhabitants, of which 2,000 are in the urban center (3,180 m.a.s.l.) and the others are distributed in indigenous communities or scattered in the countryside.

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The use of traditional medicine remains in force, despite the existence of two western medicine health centers in the study area, specifically in the Parish Center
and in the Sisid Community. People attend the health center when the treatment of a disease is beyond their knowledge or natural resources. However, for the most common or habitual ills, the first source of cure is that of ancestral knowledge and the use of medicinal plants.
Among the most common illnesses are "bad air", "evil eye", colic, "cold", "cholerin", menstruation discomforts, "bad heart" (linked to lovesickness, anguish, grief, etc.), stomach upset, inflammation, skin irritations, among others.

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Its original language is Cañari Shimi, which is Kichwa with influences from other languages ​​from the East and from the north of the country and Peru. Most are bilingual since they speak Spanish
together with their native language.
Clothing:
The inhabitants of the parish are especially dedicated to spinning such as weaving, embroidery and sewing.
The elderly still use the looms and make accessories for their typical clothing such as cloths, ponchos, scarves, ropes and girdles.
Parties:
One of the main cultural manifestations of the population is the celebration of the mythical festival Inti Raymi in June in honor of the sun, a festival of sowing and harvesting its main crops, corn, wheat and barley. It is manifested by ritualities, accompanied by typical dances and peculiarities such as national music and typical clothing.
They also celebrate the patron saint festivities in October, Christmas that was originally the Kapak Inca Raymi festival in honor of the sun for the December solstice and the Tayta Carnival, originally the Paucar Wuray (ceremonial dress) or Hatun Pucuy Raymi (great maturation) festival in February. where sacrifices of precious animals or livestock were made to worship the divinities (sun, moon and stars).
Cañari culture:
Indigenous population with characteristic features of a millenary Andean culture, of which its native language "Kichwa" stands out, its spiritual-religious manifestations, its organizational systems and socio-political jurisdiction.
In addition, through their customs and values, in rural areas forms of reciprocity and solidarity are practiced, such as changing hands, the minka and the exchange of products, which strengthen the sense of community of the families of the communities.

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FAUNA.

The introduced species are part of their subsistence system and constitute the main part of their income selling and producing their derivatives, as well as their diet that they supplement
Among the native species identified with some type of use by the communities, we find that four species are hunted mainly for their meat, three are for ornamental use (skins, horns, nails, etc.), and two were identified by use. medicinal.

Some of the representative animals of the area:

Cow, Sheep, Pig, Hens, Horse, Donkey, Llamas, Rabbit, Alpaca, Mountain Guinea Pig, Añingo Guinea Pig, Fox, Raposo, Wolf, Mountain Lion, Deer, etc.

Flora:
Two types of plantations are presented. Pine trees (Pinus patula) in the moorland area. In the lowlands, a mixture of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) with intervened bushes
and small cultivation plots.
Under the eucalyptus there is the presence of 10 species of shrubs and herbs such as: Cortaderia nítida (Sigsal), Baccharis obtusifolia (Zhadán), Monnina sp. (Iguila), Salvia corrugata (quide sungana), Minthostachys mollis (pennyroyal), Bidens andicola (ñagchag), Ambrosia arborescens (altamisa) and Hesperomeles obtusifolia (jalo).
 plant species.
The endemic species are basically in non-intervened sites or with little influence from livestock. They are generally found near rocky areas and in the pajonal páramo, particularly where there is a good cover of straw and shrubs and where they have not been burned.

Habitats, Pajonal and Scrub, Páramo de Almohadillas, Intervened Scrub, Rocky Shelters, Pajonal, Páramo de Páramo, Scrub, Polylepis Forest, Scrub and Polylepis Forest, Rocky Pajonal.