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The Chinese import ban and its impact on global plastic waste trade

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The Chinese import ban and its impact on global plastic waste trade

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title :The Chinese import ban and its impact on global plastic waste trade
authors : Brooks, A. L., Wang, S., & Jambeck, J. R.
source : Science Advances. 2018-06, Vol.4 (6)
date : 2018

Summary
Plastic waste trade can bring about many issues and it is necessary to make a solution. Many of plastic waste tends to be export to Asia countries, especially China. As a result, China made a new policy which ban import of almost all of the plastic waste. The new policy contributes to serious damage to other Asia countries, where cannot deal with even their domestic plastic garbage because of the developing system. The authors insist that it is essential to have a new global idea about recycling plastic garbage and the developed disposal plastic waste system.

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Sea turtles face plastic pollution peril

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Sea turtles face plastic pollution peril

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Title: Sea turtles face plastic pollution peril
Author:
Source: United Press International
date:  2015.

Summary
There are gaps in knowledge about the effect of plastic on the turtles. The amount of plastic has increased by two hundred times, and there are mainly three negative effects on the turtle. First, if the turtle ingests plastics, they may become sick such as malnutrition or declining reproductive ability, and at worst, they will die. Second, they cannot swim or become starvation if they get injured by plastics. Third, if plastics include sand which makes their nest, this affects hatching. From the above negative possibilities, the solution should be found as soon as possible.

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This image shows plastic debris on a marine turtle nesting beach. Credit: Annette Broderick

A new global review led by the University of Exeter that set out to investigate the hazards of marine plastic pollution has warned that all seven species of marine turtles can ingest or become entangled in the discarded debris that currently litters the oceans.

The research, which was carried out in collaboration with Plymouth Marine Laboratory, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, North Carolina State University, Duke University Marine Lab and James Cook University, is published in the ICES Journal of Marine Science and reveals serious knowledge gaps in the diverse and complex pathways in which plastic pollution can harm marine life.

Joint lead author Sarah Nelms, from the Centre for Ecology and Conservation at the University of Exeter's Penryn campus said: "I was shocked at how little is known about the impacts of plastic on marine turtles."

"We know that discarded plastic poses a serious threat to wildlife, but this study shows that more research is urgently needed if we are to understand the scale of the problem."

Annual global plastic production has grown from 1.5 million tonnes to 299 million tonnes in the last 65 years and as a result plastic pollution is increasing, both on land and at sea.

Prof Brendan Godley, who led the team said: "When turtles ingest plastic, they can suffer intestinal blockage that can result in malnutrition which can in turn lead to poor health, reduced growth rates, lower reproductive output and even death."

"It is sobering to think that almost every piece of plastic that ever entered the sea is still there; breaking down and forming a vast soup of microplastics that could have frightening long-term repercussions."

Entanglement in plastic debris, such as lost fishing gear or discarded packaging, can cause lacerations and increased drag when swimming, which may result in drowning or death by starvation.

Beach litter may also entangle nesting females or trap emerging hatchlings, while potentially affecting turtle nests by altering temperature and changing the permeability of the sediment on nesting beaches.

The study demonstrates that urgent action is required to better understand this issue and its effects on marine turtles, so that appropriate and effective mitigation policies can be developed.

The researchers are calling for further work to investigate the sub-lethal effects of plastic ingestion and the associated contamination from chemicals relating to the plastic particles.

Other work will include mapping likely ingestion and entanglement hotspots and identifying the species and age-classes that are most at risk.

More information: Sarah Nelms et al, Plastic and marine turtles: a review and call for research, ICES Journal of Marine Science (2015).

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Sea turtles face plastic pollution peril

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A new global review led by the University of Exeter that set out to investigate the hazards of marine plastic pollution has warned that all seven species of marine turtles can ingest or become entangled in the discarded debris that currently litters the oceans.

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Sustainable Designer Mima Unpicks the Seams of Fast Fashion in Japan

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Sustainable Designer Mima Unpicks the Seams of Fast Fashion in Japan

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title:Sustainable Designer Mima Unpicks the Seams of Fast Fashion in Japan
author:Alexandra Ziminski
source: Tokyo weekender
date March 25, 2021)

summery
Fashion industry emit high percentage of carbon, use much reclaimed land and water, make a lot of microplastic but many people do not know this fact. Mima, who established sustainable fashion bland, mentioned Japanese do not concern about sustainable fashion in spite of concerning about not using plastic bag or recycling. Many people believe UNIQULO is one of the eco-friendly companies but she explains this is not true because they do green washing which we cannot clear supplier and whether appropriate wages are paid accurately. Mima say people should use sustainable materials and pay attention to who made products and where it came from. Values differ from people to people, but the bland we made sure that is sustainable should be supported.

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This time, I missed I should use article from ASU library. Be careful that this is from other online souse! Sorry!

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title: Planet Plastic
author: Dickinson, Tim.
source: Rolling Stone
date: 2020

summary
In "Planet Plastic", Dickinson, Tim. Rolling Stone, (2020) states that organisms cannot digest plastic, so many fish and birds are dying from eating microplastics floating in the ocean. Since only 1% of the pollution is visible on the ocean surface, it is hard for us to see it as a serious problem, but we are already approaching the limit of the amount of plastic flowing into the ocean. And in fact, this article wrote that microplastic pollution is between four and 23 times higher in the soil than in the sea, Microplastics are also found in rain and snow, so it is thought that they have negative impacts not only on the oceans, but also on the land. It is difficult to the problem repair completely, we have to consider it as long-term issue so that ecosystem can be maintained. We should think this problem more fundamentally.

I agree this article. Simply collecting plastic floating in the ocean in not a fundamental solution. We need to change the way plastic products are distributed and processed. And I was surprised at microplastic includes rain and snow. We must think about the problem seriously.