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1) To article 26:

Amendment: The receiving State is also obliged to provide diplomatic agents with access to information on laws and regulations governing entry into restricted areas in order to provide them with a full understanding of restrictions and rules related to national security.

Justification: This addition will enhance transparency and provide diplomatic agents with a better understanding of restrictions on freedom of movement, which contributes to more effective work of diplomatic missions and improved mutual understanding between States.

2) To article 30:

Amendment: The private residence of a diplomatic agent may also be used for official events related to his diplomatic activities, subject to prior notification and agreement with the host State.

Justification: This addition helps to strengthen the functionality of the diplomatic residence and contributes to more effective meetings and events of the diplomatic mission.

3) To article 35:

amendment: The host State is also obliged to provide diplomatic agents with access to medical care and educational institutions for their families in order to provide them with the necessary living and learning conditions.

Justification: This supplement pays attention to the care of the families of diplomatic agents and emphasizes the importance of providing them with adequate living conditions and education.

4) To article 42

Amendment: A diplomatic agent must also not participate in any political activity in the host State that may harm relations between States.

Justification: This supplement helps to emphasize the neutrality of diplomatic agents and reduce the risk of interference in the internal affairs of the host State.

5) Article 24

The archives and documents of the mission shall be inviolable at any time and wherever they may be.

amendment: Add mechanisms and procedures to ensure the security of archives and documents.

Justification:

Physical security:

Installation of modern security systems, such as video surveillance, motion sensors and alarm systems, in rooms with archives.

Restricting access to archives to authorized employees only.

The use of safes, locks and strong doors for storing documents.

Electronic security:

Protection of electronic archives with passwords and encryption.

Regular updating of programs and antiviruses on computers used for processing and storing electronic documents.

Data backup and recovery:

Regular creation of backup copies of archives and documents.

Storing backups in secure locations separate from the main archives.

6) To article 36:

Amendment: If the diplomatic agent does not agree with the decision to inspect his personal baggage, the receiving State is obliged to provide a written explanation and justification for such a need for inspection within 24 hours after the inspection.

Justification: This supplement will strengthen the guarantees of the inviolability of the personal baggage of a diplomatic agent and ensure their right to an informed and informed decision regarding the inspection.

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1. I don't know which article could be amended to address the question, but I think it's necessary to add a question:

Cybersecurity and Internet communications, namely:

With the digital threat and cyber-attacks on the rise, changes may be required to ensure a secure negotiation environment.

2. Article 22, paragraph one:

The premises, AS WELL AS ALL THINGS AND OBJECTS BELONGING TO THE REPRESENTATION, are non-contact. State authorities cannot enter and look into these premises, AND ALSO TOUCH AND TAKE EVERYTHING THAT IS THERE, BELONGING TO THE REPRESENTATION, except with the president of the head of the representative office.

3. Adding an article:

It is possible to add a paragraph to Article 44.

Diplomatic immunity must be regulated in the event of missions occurring in territory or in open space.

Addition to Article 51

4. Strengthening cooperation between business representatives and non-governmental organizations and international institutions to more effectively solve serious problems.

5. Consideration of the conditions and obligations of representatives of representatives in new types of international organizations or agreements of agreement for special missions.

Addition to the conference of a new article:

6. Discussion of the rights and responsibilities of Congressional representatives in the event of humanitarian crises, pandemics and other emergencies.

7. Adding an article that gives states the right to temporarily restrict the freedom of movement of diplomats in the event of a pandemic or epidemic. This may include temporary restrictions on entry and exit, as well as on holding meetings and events, in compliance with all epidemiological standards.

8. Inclusion of provisions obliging mission agreements to comply with safety measures and sanitary standards established by economic countries during the pandemic.

9. The State  are obligate to participating in the conference to ensure the safety of personnel and ensure their access to medical care in case of illness.

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1. Amendment to Article 3 (1) - Definitions:

a definition for "Digital Communication" to encompass all forms of electronic communication, including emails, social media, and other online platforms.

2. Amendment to Article 11 - Categories of Heads of Mission:

a new category of diplomats, "Digital Ambassadors," responsible for managing a country's online diplomatic presence and communication via social media and other digital platforms.

3. Amendment to Article 21 - Inviolability of Documents:

digital documents, including emails and digitally signed agreements, as having the same inviolability status as physical documents.

4. Amendment to Article 27 - Diplomatic Bag and Diplomatic Courier:

the handling of digital information transmitted via secure electronic means, acknowledging that digital files, when encrypted and secure, enjoy the same protections as physical diplomatic bags.

5. Amendment to Article 31 - Inviolability of the Diplomatic Mission:

the importance of cybersecurity in protecting diplomatic missions. Allow host countries to work with diplomatic missions to ensure the safety of their digital networks.

6. Amendment to Article 37 - Exemption from Customs Duties and Taxes:

digital equipment, software, and other technology necessary for diplomatic communication, such as secure communication servers, are exempt from customs duties and taxes.

7. Amendment to Article 41 - Respect for the Laws and Regulations of the Receiving State:

diplomats' use of social media and other digital platforms must be in compliance with the laws and regulations of the receiving state.

8. Amendment to Article 54 - Social Media and Public Diplomacy:

a new section addressing diplomats' use of social media for public diplomacy, setting guidelines for responsible and respectful online engagement.

9. Amendment to Article 59 - Prevention of Abuse of Privileges and Immunities:

the abuse of privileges and immunities includes any misuse of digital technology for espionage, cyberattacks, or other unlawful activities.

10. Amendment to Optional Protocol Concerning Acquisition of Nationality (Article 8):

a provision allowing digital records and electronic documents as valid proof of the nationality acquisition process for diplomats.

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Article 1: Definitions

Paragraph 1(a): Add a definition of "diplomatic mission" to include the mission's official social media accounts.

Paragraph 1(b): Add a definition of "diplomatic agent" to include the mission's official social media managers.

Article 29: Protection of the Person of Diplomatic Agents

Paragraph 1: Add that diplomatic agents are protected from harm and harassment, including online harassment.

Paragraph 2: Add that the receiving State must take measures to prevent and investigate crimes committed against diplomatic agents, including cybercrimes.

Article 37: Inviolability of Premises of the Mission

Paragraph 1: Add that the inviolability of premises of the mission extends to the mission's official social media accounts.

Paragraph 2: Add that the receiving State must take measures to prevent and investigate cyberattacks on the mission's social media accounts.

Article 41: Freedom of Movement and Travel

Paragraph 1: Add that diplomatic agents are free to use social media to communicate with the public and other diplomatic missions.

Paragraph 2: Add that the receiving State must not interfere with the use of social media by diplomatic agents, except for reasons of national security.

Article 55: Exemption from Dues and Taxes

Add a new paragraph to exempt the mission's social media accounts from all dues and taxes.

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Corrections: In Article 6, correct a typographical error by changing "accomplishements" to "accomplishments."

Article 6 (Correction):

Replace "accomplishements" with "accomplishments."

Changes: In Article 24, Paragraph 2, modify the language to address the use of social media and other modern communication tools by diplomats for official communication.

Article 24, Paragraph 2 (Change):

Diplomats may use social media and other modern communication tools for official communication while adhering to diplomatic protocol and security measures.

Additions: Introduce a new article, Article 33, to establish guidelines for diplomats' use of social media to promote diplomatic goals while respecting privacy and local regulations.

Article 33 (Addition):

Diplomats are encouraged to use social media to advance diplomatic objectives, always mindful of privacy concerns and compliance with the laws of the host country.

Corrections: In Article 11, correct a factual error by updating the statement to reflect the latest global trade statistics.

Article 11 (Correction):

Update the trade statistics in Article 11 to reflect the most recent data available.

Changes: In Article 28, Paragraph 1, modify the wording to acknowledge the evolving role of diplomats as mediators in conflict resolution.

Article 28, Paragraph 1 (Change):

Recognize the evolving role of diplomats as mediators in conflict resolution and peacekeeping efforts.

Additions: In Article 20, Paragraph 3, introduce a provision that allows diplomats to hold virtual meetings with their counterparts, taking into account the convenience of digital diplomacy.

Article 20, Paragraph 3 (Addition):

Diplomats may, when appropriate, arrange virtual meetings with their counterparts to facilitate diplomatic discussions and cooperation.Corrections: In Article 6, correct a typographical error by changing "accomplishements" to "accomplishments." Article 6 (Correction): Replace "accomplishements" with "accomplishments." Changes: In Article 24, Paragraph 2, modify the language to address the use of social media and other modern communication tools by diplomats for official communication. Article 24, Paragraph 2 (Change): Diplomats may use social media and other modern communication tools for official communication while adhering to diplomatic protocol and security measures. Additions: Introduce a new article, Article 33, to establish guidelines for diplomats' use of social media to promote diplomatic goals while respecting privacy and local regulations. Article 33 (Addition): Diplomats are encouraged to use social media to advance diplomatic objectives, always mindful of privacy concerns and compliance with the laws of the host country. Corrections: In Article 11, correct a factual error by updating the statement to reflect the latest global trade statistics. Article 11 (Correction): Update the trade statistics in Article 11 to reflect the most recent data available. Changes: In Article 28, Paragraph 1, modify the wording to acknowledge the evolving role of diplomats as mediators in conflict resolution. Article 28, Paragraph 1 (Change): Recognize the evolving role of diplomats as mediators in conflict resolution and peacekeeping efforts. Additions: In Article 20, Paragraph 3, introduce a provision that allows diplomats to hold virtual meetings with their counterparts, taking into account the convenience of digital diplomacy. Article 20, Paragraph 3 (Addition): Diplomats may, when appropriate, arrange virtual meetings with their counterparts to facilitate diplomatic discussions and cooperation.

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1. Additions: In Article 27, Paragraph 2, address the issue of cybersecurity and the protection of diplomatic communications in the digital age.

Article 27, Paragraph 2 (Addition): Recognizing the importance of cybersecurity in the contemporary diplomatic landscape, diplomatic missions shall take measures to ensure the secure transmission and storage of diplomatic communications, and shall cooperate with host states in the prevention of cyber threats.

2. Corrections: In Article 1, Paragraph e, extend the definition of "diplomatic agent" to include individuals who may not have formal diplomatic titles but engage in diplomatic activities in non-traditional roles (digital diplomacy).

Article 1, Paragraph e (Correction): "Diplomatic agent" shall include individuals who engage in diplomatic activities, including those in non-traditional roles, such as digital diplomacy, regardless of their formal diplomatic titles.

3. Changes: In the Optional Protocol concerning Acquisition of Nationality, update the criteria for diplomatic personnel seeking nationality, considering the impact of dual citizenship and global migration patterns.

Optional Protocol concerning Acquisition of Nationality (Change): The criteria for diplomatic personnel seeking nationality shall be updated to reflect the complexities of dual citizenship and evolving global migration patterns, with due consideration for their diplomatic status and obligations.

4. Changes: In Article 22, Paragraph 1, add a clause that requires diplomats to report any suspicious activity or behavior that could pose a threat to national security or public safety.

Article 22, Paragraph 1 (Change, Addition): Diplomats shall, in addition to their other duties, report any suspicious activity or behavior that may pose a threat to national security or public safety to the appropriate authorities of the host state. This reporting shall be carried out with due respect to diplomatic privileges and immunities.

5. Additions: In Article 17, Paragraph 2, introduce provisions for diplomatic missions to engage with the public through digital means, such as social media, while respecting host state regulations.

Article 17, Paragraph 2 (Addition): Diplomatic missions are encouraged to engage with the public through digital means, including social media, in line with host state regulations, to foster greater understanding and transparency in diplomatic relations.

6. Changes: In Article 9, Paragraph 1, modify the wording to emphasize the obligation of diplomats to respect local customs and culture in the digital age.

Article 9, Paragraph 1 (Change): Diplomats shall conduct themselves in accordance with the laws and regulations of the host state and shall also respect its local customs, culture, and digital communication norms.

7. Additions: Introduce a new article, Article 32, to address the handling of crises in the digital age, outlining communication and cooperation mechanisms for diplomatic missions and host states during emergencies.

Article 32 (Addition): In the event of a crisis in the digital age, diplomatic missions and host states shall establish communication and cooperation mechanisms to ensure the safety and well-being of diplomatic personnel, adherence to international norms, and the preservation of diplomatic relations.

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Amendments to the Document

1. Introduction

a. Background Information on the Vienna Convention

Historical context: Discuss the evolving landscape of diplomacy, incorporating digital diplomacy and the influen

center of social media platforms in shaping international relations.

b. Overview of the Document

Mention the role of social media: Highlight the impact of social media platforms on diplomatic communication, including public diplomacy efforts and the use of social networks for official announcements and outreach.

2. What is a Diplomatic Mission?

a. Definition and Purpose

Define a diplomatic mission in the digital age: Include online presence as a fundamental aspect of diplomatic missions, emphasizing the use of official websites and social media channels for public engagement.

Discuss virtual diplomatic missions: Acknowledge the emergence of virtual embassies and consulates, emphasizing their role in providing online consular services and promoting digital diplomacy initiatives.

b. Structure of a Diplomatic Mission

Ambassador: Include the role of digital ambassadors who engage with the public through social media, fostering transparency and public participation in diplomatic affairs.

3. Privileges and Immunities under the Vienna Convention

a. Digital Communication and Diplomatic Immunity

Address digital communication channels: Specify that diplomatic immunity also extends to official digital communication channels, ensuring secure and confidential online correspondence.

Emphasize responsible social media use: Highlight the importance of responsible social media conduct for diplomats, balancing openness with the need for diplomatic decorum in online interactions.

4. Diplomatic Accommodation and Official Correspondence

a. Digitalization of Official Correspondence

Introduce the concept of digital official correspondence: Acknowledge the shift from traditional paper-based correspondence to encrypted digital communication methods, ensuring the security and efficiency of official exchanges.

Highlight the role of social media in public diplomacy: Discuss the strategic use of social media platforms for public diplomacy efforts, enabling diplomats to engage directly with a global audience and share their country's culture, policies, and achievements.

5. Challenges and Adaptations in Modern Diplomacy

a. Cybersecurity Challenges

Address cybersecurity challenges: Recognize the importance of cybersecurity measures in safeguarding diplomatic communications, especially in the face of cyber threats and digital espionage attempts.

b. Diplomatic Training for the Digital Age

Include diplomatic training programs: Emphasize the need for diplomats to undergo specialized training in digital communication, social media management, and cybersecurity protocols to adapt to the demands of the digital age.

These amendments reflect the integration of digital diplomacy, social media, and cybersecurity considerations into the document, aligning it with today's reality of diplomatic practices and challenges.

Amendment

1) Introduction

a. Background Information on the Vienna Convention

Amendment: Provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of diplomacy, considering the impact of digital diplomacy and the significant role of social media platforms in shaping international relations. Highlight the increasing influence of online interactions, social media campaigns, and digital communication strategies employed by diplomats worldwide.

b. Overview of the Document

Amendment: Emphasize the vital role of social media platforms in diplomatic communication. Discuss how diplomats leverage social media for public diplomacy efforts, official announcements, and outreach activities. Acknowledge the importance of adapting traditional diplomatic methods to modern, digital contexts, emphasizing the dynamic nature of contemporary diplomatic practices.

2) What is a Diplomatic Mission?

a. Definition and Purpose

Amendment: Redefine a diplomatic mission in the digital age, emphasizing the crucial role of online presence. Highlight official websites and social media channels as fundamental components of diplomatic missions, enabling real-time public engagement and transparency. Address the use of social media not only for disseminating information but also for fostering dialogue and understanding between nations and their citizens.

Addition: Acknowledge the emergence of virtual diplomatic missions as a response to the digital era. Discuss their functions in providing online consular services, conducting virtual cultural exchanges, and promoting digital diplomacy initiatives. Highlight the importance of cybersecurity measures in safeguarding sensitive diplomatic communications online.

b. Structure of a Diplomatic Mission

Amendment: Expand the discussion to include the role of digital ambassadors within diplomatic missions. Digital ambassadors should be diplomats proficient in social media and digital communication, responsible for engaging with the public, responding to queries, and disseminating accurate information. Highlight the significance of these ambassadors in fostering transparency and public participation in diplomatic affairs, ensuring that citizens are well-informed about diplomatic initiatives and policies.

3) Privileges and Immunities under the Vienna Convention

a. Digital Communication and Diplomatic Immunity

Amendment: Address the complexities of digital communication in the context of diplomatic immunity. Discuss how the Vienna Convention applies to online interactions, emphasizing the protection of diplomatic communications exchanged through digital platforms. Highlight the challenges posed by cyber threats and the importance of reinforcing cybersecurity protocols to safeguard diplomatic immunity in the digital realm. Additionally, emphasize the responsibility of diplomatic missions to adhere to international norms and cybersecurity best practices when engaging in digital diplomacy.

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1. Amendment to Article 31 (1) - Expanding Immunity:

"Article 31 (1) shall be amended to include: Diplomatic immunity shall not extend to acts that are manifest violations of international law or fundamental human rights, including but not limited to espionage, human trafficking, or grave environmental transgressions."

2. Amendment to Article 27 (4) - Social Media Use:

"Article 27 (4) shall be supplemented as follows: Diplomatic missions and their members shall conduct themselves responsibly and ethically in the realm of social media to prevent the dissemination of offensive or inappropriate content."

3. Amendment to Article 22 - Health and Vaccination:

"A new article shall be introduced after Article 21, stating: Diplomatic staff shall adhere to health requirements, which may include mandatory vaccination against contagious diseases, to safeguard public health."

4. Amendment to Article 32 - Diplomatic Pouches:

"Article 32 shall be revised to specify: Diplomatic pouches shall not contain illegal substances, hazardous materials, or items that pose a threat to national security."

5. Amendment to Article 41 (3) - Expelling Diplomats:

"A new paragraph shall be added to Article 41 (3) as follows: Expulsion of diplomats for misconduct shall be conducted in accordance with established guidelines that are consistent with international law."

6. Amendment to Article 22 (2) - Social Media and Privacy:

"Article 22 (2) shall be supplemented as follows: Diplomatic missions shall ensure the privacy and security of their members in the digital age, including protection against cyberbullying and hacking of personal accounts."

7. Amendment to Article 38 (1) - Fire Safety Regulations:

"Article 38 (1) shall be modified to state: Diplomatic missions shall comply with stringent fire safety regulations, permitting local fire departments access to their premises in the event of a fire emergency, even if such access temporarily suspends diplomatic inviolability."

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Amendments to the Vienna Convention and Optional protocols

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Amendments to the Vienna Convention and Optional protocols

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1. Amendment to article 27 (paragraph 2):

In the digital age, the issue of cybersecurity and the protection of diplomatic communications shall be of utmost concern. Diplomats shall be diligent in implementing measures to safeguard sensitive information and ensure the integrity of their exchanges, as the digital realm presents new challenges and vulnerabilities.

2. Amendment to article 1 (paragraph e):
In the era of digital diplomacy, the definition of a "diplomatic agent" shall be broadened to include individuals who, despite lacking formal diplomatic titles, engage in non-traditional roles, harnessing the power of online platforms and emerging technologies to effectively represent their nations in diplomatic activities.

3. Amendment to Optional Protocol 1951 concerning Acquisition of Nationality:
In Article IV, the criteria for diplomatic personnel seeking nationality must be revised to acknowledge the increasing prevalence of dual citizenship and evolving global migration patterns, ensuring that these factors are appropriately considered in the selection and appointment of diplomatic representatives.

4. Amendment to article 22 (paragraph 1):
Within this updated framework, a new clause shall be included, mandating that diplomats must promptly report any suspicious activity or behavior that could potentially jeopardize national security or public safety, reaffirming their commitment to the safety and well-being of the host country.

5. Amendment to article 29 (paragraph 3):

To strengthen diplomatic transparency and integrity, a new clause must be incorporated, compelling diplomats to disclose any involvement in political activities or lobbying that could reasonably be perceived as interfering in the internal affairs of the host country, thereby upholding the principles of diplomatic conduct and respect for sovereignty.

6. Amendment to article 31 (paragraph 1):
Diplomats, in the pursuit of their diplomatic duties, shall be required to respect the privacy of individuals and shall refrain from engaging in any surveillance or espionage activities that may infringe upon the privacy and security of the host country's citizens.

7. Amendment to article 39:

In the event of crisis situations, including natural disasters and pandemics, diplomatic missions shall be obligated to cooperate fully with the authorities of the receiving state and shall provide assistance and support to their nationals residing within the host country, in accordance with international law and the principles of humanitarian aid, while ensuring that their actions do not interfere with the host country's efforts to manage the crisis effectively.

8. Amendment to Article 8 (paragraph 1):
Diplomatic missions should be dedicated to upholding and promoting the principles of gender equality within their ranks, ensuring that all personnel, regardless of their gender, should be afforded equal opportunities and should work in an environment free from any form of discrimination, harassment, or bias, with a firm commitment to actively preventing such practices.

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"BLM: The Game-Changing, Slippery Slope of a Cautionary Tale That Turned a Blind Eye (At First Glance)"

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"BLM: The Game-Changing, Slippery Slope of a Cautionary Tale That Turned a Blind Eye (At First Glance)"

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In a nutshell, BLM, or Black Lives Matter, has been the can of worms that just keeps on giving in the world of politics and social issues. What began as a grassroots movement with a clear message has now become a cautionary tale of how good intentions can sometimes be on thin ice.

When BLM first appeared on the scene, it looked like a game-changer. People rallied for social justice, and the movement sparked a much-needed debate on race and inequality. But as the saying goes, the devil is in the details, and it didn't take long for some of those details to turn into a slippery slope.

Politicians quickly saw BLM as a political football, something they could toss around to score points. They pledged their support, made promises, and then promptly threw the movement under the bus when it suited their agendas.

At first glance, it seemed that BLM was making strides toward a more equitable society. However, the more you delve into the situation, the more it begs the question: Is the movement being used to advance personal interests, rather than achieving meaningful change?

BLM's journey has taken some Orwellian and Machiavellian turns. What began as a call for justice has been twisted and turned by various actors, each with their own ulterior motives.

Make no mistake, BLM is a marathon, not a sprint, and it's a marathon where the finish line seems to keep moving. With all due respect to those who genuinely care about the cause, many have thrown the movement under the bus, and BLM now finds itself at a crossroads.

Some critics argue that BLM has chosen to otherize, emphasizing differences rather than promoting unity. They Freud its actions, trying to analyze the psychological motivations behind every move.

The term "Birthing People" emerged from the movement, attempting to be gender-inclusive. While the intention might be good, it left some scratching their heads and wondering if BLM has strayed from its original mission.

In the world of politics, we have witnessed "Bidenism" and "Macroning," where leaders are associated with specific policies, but whether these policies have truly benefited the people is a subject of debate.

As for BLM, it's a complex beast, a can of worms that's difficult to untangle. But one thing is clear: the movement has raised crucial issues and initiated a much-needed dialogue. Whether it can evolve into a genuine force for change or remain a slippery slope of political opportunism remains to be seen. In the end, the devil is indeed in the details.

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1. Fertility rates are a key factor in understanding a population's ability to reproduce.

2. Middle-income countries often face unique demographic challenges due to their economic status.

3. The total fertility rate can provide insight into a nation's population growth potential.

4. Achieving the replacement level is essential to maintaining a stable population.

5. An annual growth rate can indicate whether a population is expanding or shrinking.

6. Doomsday scenarios related to demographics are often exaggerated and not reflective of reality.

7. A sudden and unexpected drop in fertility rates can have significant societal consequences.

8. Access to amenities in urban areas may outnumber those available in rural regions.

9. Urban dwellers tend to have different demographic characteristics than those in rural areas.

10. Population policies must account for the diverse needs of different age groups.

11. In some regions, people face dismal job prospects, leading to social and economic challenges.

12. In extreme cases, individuals may resort to violence or turn to insurgent organizations as a means of survival.

13. A secure livelihood is essential for a stable population and social mobility.

14. Government policies play a crucial role in addressing demographic imbalances.

15. To cope with the challenges of aging populations, rejuvenation efforts are necessary.

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1.    The aging population in Japan has led to a skewed age ratio, as evidenced by the age-sex pyramid, indicating an imbalanced age structure.

2.    Many countries have implemented population policies to address issues like depopulation, aiming to maintain a balanced age-sex structure of the population.

3.    Despite efforts to rejuvenate the society, low birth rates and depopulation persist in rural areas, affecting childbearing ages significantly.

4.    Natural fertility rates are declining globally, contributing to the challenges of maintaining a stable replacement index and increasing mortality rates among infants and mothers.

5.    In some regions, the life expectancy among women surpasses that of men, creating a demographic seesaw in terms of longevity.

6.    Urban areas often experience an overflow of population due to migration and immigration, leading to increased population density and pressure on resources.

7.    Accidental deaths, especially in the 20-49 age group, contribute to fluctuations in the population, impacting the demographic profile of communities.

8.    To cope with the rapidly aging population, some countries have integrated policies to adjust to the demographic shift, encouraging intergenerational integration and cultural exchange.

9.    Ethnic minorities face challenges in integration due to ethnic prejudice and discrimination, perpetuating stereotypes and hindering their assimilation into society.

10. The surge in ethnicity claims has led to a revival of cultural backgrounds, with intermarriage becoming a common phenomenon, shaping the ethnic identity of future generations.

11. Current immigration trends indicate a wave of influx, with asylum-seekers and economic migrants attempting to integrate into historically homogenous societies.

12. Despite efforts to absorb immigrants, racially motivated violence against them remains a concern, highlighting the need to combat discrimination and prejudice.

13. The true American experience often involves the integration of descendants of immigrants, but external factors such as economic instability can hinder this process.

14. It is essential to take a census of the population regularly to keep pace with demographic changes, ensuring accurate representation of various ethnic groups and minorities.

15. The challenge lies in blending diverse ethnic groups and combating racial and ethnic discrimination to create an inclusive society where everyone has an opportunity to thrive.

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Urban population: The urban population has been steadily increasing, posing new challenges for city planners and policymakers.

• Population pressure: The population pressure on our healthcare system highlights the need for comprehensive reform and increased funding.

• Density of population: The density of population in our city center has reached unprecedented levels, leading to concerns about housing affordability and congestion.

• Immigrant: Immigrants have contributed significantly to our nation's cultural diversity and economic growth.

• Refugee: The government's response to the refugee crisis is a critical issue in this year's election, with candidates offering varying approaches to address it.

• Minority group: Advocates for the rights of the LGBTQ+ community continue to push for equal representation and protection of minority groups in the political arena.

• To adjust to: It's essential for immigrants to adjust to their new environment while preserving their cultural heritage.

• To blend: Our society should encourage immigrants to blend into the local culture while celebrating their unique backgrounds.

• To absorb immigrants: Our country has a long history of successfully absorbing immigrants and integrating them into the national fabric.

• To keep pace with: Our education system needs to keep pace with the changing needs of a diverse population to ensure equal opportunities for all.

• To outpace: Some argue that economic growth has outpaced social policies, leaving vulnerable communities behind.

• External factors: The global economy is highly influenced by external factors such as trade agreements and geopolitical tensions.

• Ethnic prejudice: Addressing ethnic prejudice and discrimination is a critical task for lawmakers committed to social justice.

• Cultural background: Understanding a candidate's cultural background can provide valuable insights into their policy positions and priorities.

• To suffer prejudice: No one should have to suffer prejudice based on their race, religion, or ethnicity, and our laws should reflect this commitment to equality.

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1)The age ratio in the city's population is becoming more balanced as younger families move in.
2) The aging population is a significant demographic challenge for many countries.
3)The natural increase in the population of the country is due to a higher birth rate compared to the mortality rate.
4)The government implemented healthcare reforms to reduce death rates from preventable diseases.
5)The population density in Tokyo, Japan, is one of the highest in the world, with approximately 6,000 people per square
kilometer.
6) The urban population in China has been steadily growing, with millions of people moving from rural areas to cities in search of better opportunities.
7)Many immigrants come to the United States in pursuit of the American dream, seeking better economic opportunities.
8)The refugee crisis in the region has prompted international humanitarian efforts to provide aid and support to those displaced by conflict.
9)Intermarriage between people from different cultural backgrounds has become increasingly common in multicultural societies.
10)It's important to avoid humor that perpetuates stereotypes, as it can perpetuate harmful biases.
11)Canada has implemented policies designed to effectively absorb immigrants into its society, providing them with opportunities for integration and success.
12) To keep pace with the rapid advancements in technology, continuous learning and adaptation are essential.
13) In some countries, the aging population has reached a point where deaths outnumber births, posing significant demographic challenges.
14)Implementing effective family planning programs can help bring population numbers down in areas facing overpopulation issues.
15)The population now stands at 10 million, making it one of the largest cities in the country.

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1. The aging population in Japan is a pressing concern, with individuals aged 65 and over constituting 28.7% of the population according to recent data.

2. In the United States, the age ratio is shifting, with a higher percentage of older adults compared to previous decades; currently, the age ratio of elderly (65+) to working-age individuals is 25% and projected to increase.

3. Analyzing the age-sex pyramid in Germany, it's evident that the population is skewed towards older age groups, with those over 65 making up 21.6% of the total population.

4. Australia's age-structure indicates a well-balanced population, with approximately 51% of the population being females and 49% males.

5. Reproduction rates in several European countries, such as Spain and Italy, have declined significantly, with total fertility rates as low as 1.3 births per woman.

6. Canada's urban population has been steadily rising, reaching an estimated 82% of the total population in 2021.

7. The resident population of New York City, as of the latest census, stands at a staggering 8.8 million people.

8. Floating population, referring to people temporarily residing in an area, often contributes to challenges in resource allocation in rapidly growing urban centers like Beijing, China.

9. In Brazil, the least privileged groups of the population, particularly those in favelas, face significant social and economic disparities.

10. Population pressure in Mumbai, India, is a critical issue, with a population density of approximately 28,508 people per square kilometer.

11. The 2020 population census in South Africa revealed that the country is experiencing an overflow of population into urban areas.

12. The United States has a long history of absorbing immigrants, with over 44.9 million immigrants residing in the country as of 2020, constituting 13.7% of the total population.

13. Australia takes a proactive approach to integrate the descendants of immigrants, promoting a multicultural society; currently, 33% of the population is born overseas or has immigrant parents.

14. Sadly, racially motivated violence continues to be a concerning issue in various parts of the world, including recent events in the United States and Europe.

15. Globally, the racial and ethnic discrimination index remains high, underscoring the need for collective efforts to eradicate prejudices and promote inclusivity.

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1. In China population now stands at 1,4 billion people, with the growing issue of aging and going through harsh demographic policy during the late 70’s.

2. Rejuvenation efforts aim to counter depopulation trends by encouraging higher natural fertility rates and reducing mortality rates, particularly infant and maternal mortality.

3. This shift is crucial for achieving a higher life expectancy and a more balanced age-sex structure within the population.

4. Depopulation in Russia is observed due to low birth rates and high mortality rates.

5. There is a demographic hole in the age group from 20 to 49 years old.

6. Kazakhstanese natives strive to see one day that whole nation is now ready to surge in ethnicity claims and revival of culture.

7. Even though European countries are just adjusting to abandon ethnic prejudice, racially motivated violence against immigrants is stiil seen awfully often on the TV news.

8. True americans over the centuries couldn’t integrate into the coloniser’s society, and now represents the minority group in United States.

9. Such states, as Cambodia, Myanmar and Bangladesh experienced one of the worst cases of poverty in the beginning of the 20th century: people, who lived below the poverty line, constituted almost 30% of the population per every country.

10. Decline in ethnic identity of european people is being fueled by childfree movement and intermarriages.

11. The largest influx of Vietnamese immigration to United States happend in the late 1970’s and was called “boat people” refugee crisis.

12. Most of the times resident population in urban areas is the productive population who works for the huge companies located in those cities.

13. The descendants of immigrants all over the world perfectly blended in the countries, their ancestors moved in.

14. Increasing longevity is believed to be one of the most common demographic trends of Japan, though demographic profile of Scandinavian countries, will definitely outweigh the japanese statistics.

15. Now, in Britain, no trans people will suffer discrimination, since mothers who gave birth to their child, will be called “birthing person”, “birthing people”.

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1) Libya's demographic profile shows a notable concentration of its population in the 20–49 age group, indicating a potential workforce advantage for the country's economic development in the coming years.

2) Many emigrants from Uruguay have contributed to the urban population growth in various countries, bringing their skills and culture to new places around the world.

3) The depopulation of rural areas has had a profound impact on local economies, leading to the closure of schools, businesses, and a loss of community vitality.

4) The country's natural increase rate has contributed to its growing population, with more births than deaths recorded in recent years.

5) Exploring my family's genealogy helped me uncover fascinating stories about my ancestors and their journeys across different continents.

6) The humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan has led to a significant influx of refugees seeking safety and shelter in neighboring countries.

7) Intermarriage between people from different cultural backgrounds is becoming increasingly common in today's globalized world, leading to rich cultural exchanges and diverse communities.

8) The vibrant and diverse cultural background of Mexico is a testament to its rich heritage, with influences from indigenous civilizations, Spanish colonialism, and a tapestry of traditions that make it truly unique.

9) No one should have to suffer discrimination based on their race, gender, or any other characteristic because it's a violation of basic human rights.

10) Asylum-seekers often face immense challenges as they navigate complex legal processes and seek safety and refuge in foreign countries.

11) Efforts to combat ethnic prejudice and promote cultural understanding are crucial for building a more inclusive and harmonious society.

12) The aging in Bulgaria is a growing concern, as deaths outnumber births, posing challenges for the country's population growth and future development.

13) The life expectancy among women is a crucial factor that policymakers need to consider when adjusting policies to accommodate the growing population.

14) To effectively address the issue of poverty, countries must implement policies that aim to uplift those who are below the poverty line and provide them with the necessary resources and opportunities for a better life.

15) The decline in population is being fueled by various factors, such as decreasing birth rates, aging populations, and migration patterns.

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1. In many societies, women today are choosing to have children later in life compared to previous generations, extending their childbearing ages to pursue career and personal goals before starting a family.

2. The rapid urbanization in certain regions has led to an overflow of population in already densely populated cities, creating significant challenges for housing, infrastructure, and resource management.

3. Ethnic identity plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's sense of belonging and cultural heritage, often influencing their values, traditions, and sense of community.

4. The revival of culture is a testament to the resilience and determination of a community, as they work to rediscover and celebrate their traditions, language, and heritage, ensuring that they are passed on to future generations.

5. The economic opportunities and political changes in the region led to a flurry of migration, with people from various backgrounds seeking better prospects and a fresh start in the new land.

6. Japan is often cited as an example of a historically homogenous society, where the majority of its population shares a common ethnicity, language, and cultural heritage.

7. Despite advancements in civil rights, many individuals continue to suffer discrimination in various aspects of their lives, such as employment and housing, solely because of their ethnicity or gender.

8. Racially motivated violence against immigrants is a disturbing trend that highlights the urgent need for increased awareness, education, and comprehensive policies to combat discrimination and ensure the safety and well-being of all residents, regardless of their origin.

9. The media's portrayal of certain communities can sometimes perpetuate stereotypes, reinforcing biased views and hindering efforts to promote diversity and inclusion.

10. A minority group often faces unique challenges and disparities in areas such as access to education, employment opportunities, and representation in positions of power, which can lead to issues of inequality and social injustice.

11. The productive population plays a crucial role in driving economic growth and innovation within a society.

12. Population pressure in urban areas can lead to increased competition for resources, such as housing and jobs, which can result in higher living costs and reduced quality of life for residents.

13. The floating population in the city has been steadily increasing, with many people coming from rural areas in search of better job opportunities and a higher standard of living.

14. The rapidly aging population presents both challenges and opportunities for society, as it requires increased healthcare services and support for seniors while also highlighting the need for innovative solutions to accommodate their evolving needs.

15. The accidental death of the young athlete sent shockwaves through the community, leaving everyone deeply saddened by the tragic and unexpected loss.

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1. Aging is the process in which the proportion of older adults in a population increases.

2. The age ratio is the number of people in a particular age group relative to the total population.

3. An age-sex pyramid is a graphical representation of the age and sex distribution of a population.

4. The age-structure of a population refers to the distribution of people by age group.

5. The age-sex structure of a population is influenced by a number of factors, including fertility, mortality, and migration.

6. Reproduction is the process of producing offspring.

7. Population replacement occurs when the birth rate of a population is equal to the death rate.

8. Population policy, or demographic policy, is a set of government interventions designed to influence the size, growth rate, and composition of a population.

9. Rejuvenation is the process of making a population younger.

10. Depopulation is the process of a population decreasing in size.

11. The childbearing ages are the ages during which a woman is most likely to give birth.

12. Natural fertility is the ability to conceive and give birth without the use of medical intervention.

13. Natural increase is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate.

14. The replacement index is the number of children needed to be born to each woman in order to replace the population.

15. Mortality/death rates are the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given population.

16. The child mortality rate is the number of deaths of children under the age of 5 per 1,000 live births.

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Biden's Diplomatic Dance: Navigating a Slippery Slope in International Relations

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Biden's Diplomatic Dance: Navigating a Slippery Slope in International Relations

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In the world of international diplomacy, President Joe Biden's administration is embarking on a journey that has the potential to be a game-changer. From reviving international agreements to addressing global crises, the United States is at a crossroads in its foreign policy.

Yang chungan

Biden's approach to diplomacy is akin to opening a can of worms as he tackles complex issues like climate change, nuclear proliferation, and economic alliances. His administration aims to provide a fresh perspective on America's role in the world, potentially becoming a cautionary tale if missteps occur.

As the U.S. takes on a leadership role in these global challenges, it must avoid turning a blind eye to pressing issues and instead embrace a U-turn towards collaborative and sustainable solutions. This approach, while delicate, can help maintain America's reputation on the international stage.

In a nutshell, President Biden's foreign policy is a pivotal moment in international relations. It presents both opportunities and risks, requiring careful navigation to avoid being on thin ice. The world is watching as the United States walks this diplomatic tightrope, and the outcome will have repercussions that resonate far beyond its borders.

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The US confirms its desire to expand the Security Council / Abdelmanov Eldar

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The US confirms its desire to expand the Security Council / Abdelmanov Eldar

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US President Joe Biden, in his speech at the 78th session of the UN General Assembly, confirmed Washington's desire to expand the Security Council.

"We have made it clear that we believe it is time to look at the architecture of the Security Council. We think it should be more inclusive and inclusive," Kirby said. Biden will speak this week in support of the expansion of the UN Security Council.

This factor changes the rules of the game, because more and more countries will begin to have real political power in the world. Previously, the member states of the UN Security Council turned a blind eye to the need for reform.

In a nutshell, the UN Security Council consists of five permanent members: Russia, Great Britain, China, the USA, and France. Each of these countries has the right of veto in the Council. 10 members of the Council, elected on a geographical basis, have the status of non-permanent members. These countries do not want to walk on thin ice and make concessions.

Representatives of the US administration have repeatedly spoken about the need to reform the UN Security Council. Washington supports an increase in the number of permanent and non-permanent representatives in the UN Security Council, including at the expense of countries in Africa and Latin America, India, Japan, and Germany. This move represents a U-turn towards a multipolar world, which is a cautionary tale for Bidenism.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said earlier that Russia particularly notes India and Brazil as worthy candidates for permanent membership in the UN Security Council with mandatory representation of Africa. This opens a can of worms in the diplomatic arena, where delicate negotiations are necessary. The idea of expanding the Security Council is indeed a slippery slope, as it involves intricate international relations.

In this context, the discussions about reforming the Security Council touch upon complex issues, akin to macro photography, requiring attention to detail. The expansion of the UN Security Council involves changing the rules of the game and navigating through the intricacies of global politics. The proposal also brings forth concerns about potential consequences, highlighting the fossil inflation of power dynamics in the international arena.

Moreover, this move echoes the concept of Finlandization, where smaller nations find themselves in a delicate balance between major powers, emphasizing the need for careful diplomacy. Putin's tax on global power shifts comes into play, emphasizing the potential challenges in altering the established power structure.

Amidst these discussions, it is crucial to close your eyes to biases and approach the situation with a rational perspective. The global community must handle these changes judiciously, understanding that every decision made at this level involves people giving birth to new geopolitical realities.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said earlier that Russia particularly notes India and Brazil as worthy candidates for permanent membership in the UN Security Council with mandatory representation of Africa.

In conclusion, while the idea of expanding the UN Security Council might seem promising, it opens a Pandora's box of complexities, urging the international community to tread cautiously. This situation serves as a cautionary tale, reminding us of the intricate nature of global politics and the need for prudent decision-making.

Abdelmanov Eldar

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The two main rivals for leadership in Latin American power will be women

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The two main rivals for leadership in Latin American power will be women

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Mexico will, make no mistake, have its first female president in 2024, after the governing Morena party and the opposition coalition both chose women as their candidates.

At first sight, it is more likely that either former Mexico City mayor Claudia Sheinbaum or senator Xóchitl Gálvez will be ruling the state in the nearest future, however both candidates and their policies sparked debates among voters.

While representing the conservative PAN party as senator, Gálvez probes the soil by backing progressive policies on issues such as the environment, abortion and LGBTQ+ rights, Sheinbaum is widely believed to be the preferred choice of president Andrés Manuel López Obrador who is unable to run again.

Such a stance on social justice begs the question if it could eat into Morena’s support – but it could also alienate the more conservative voters the PAN counts on. Despite this, the opposition see Gálvez as their best hope to take on Morena, having lost election after election since López Obrador’s landslide win in 2018.

The election for the President of Mexico will take place in June 2024. Head of state is elected directly for six years without the right to re-elect.

Abdikul Amina

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Nuclear weapons in the international world

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Nuclear weapons in the international world

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At first glance, nuclear weapons might seem like a simple problem, but this is not true. They beg the question whether they make the world safer or more dangerous. These powerful weapons have sparked debates among countries and are often treated like a political football.
In a nutshell, nuclear weapons are like a can of worms. If it is opened, they can be too difficult to control. They can create such problems as massive destruction and keeping nuclear weapons can put the whole world on thin ice, and make the risk of accidents or conflicts escalating very real.
Countries with nuclear weapons must be responsible and work together to maintain peace. International agreements have the aim to keep control of this can of worms. Keeping the balance in international relations when we talk about nuclear weapons is very important because the results could be very catastrophic.

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International Relations: A Complex Game-Changer

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International Relations: A Complex Game-Changer

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International relations, in a nutshell, is a complex game-changer where nations navigate an Orwellian world of diplomacy and strategy. At first glance, it might seem straightforward, but the devil is in the details. With all due respect to various leaders, their actions can throw allies under the bus or spark debate on the global stage.

We find ourselves at a crossroads where U-turns and Machiavellian maneuvers are not uncommon. The slippery slope of international politics requires caution, as one misstep can put a nation on thin ice. In recent times, phrases like "Bidenism," "Macroning," and "Obamacare" have entered the international political lexicon, opening a can of worms and begging the question: What's next?

Putin's tax policy, along with the concept of "fossilflation," has been a political football, leaving many nations to probe the implications. Some argue that it's a marathon, not a sprint, while others fear Finlandization as a cautionary tale.

In this complex arena, the need to avoid otherizing and to freud alliances is paramount. Make no mistake; international relations is a constant U-turn, where leaders must navigate the treacherous waters with care and foresight.

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Unraveling Global Poverty in Africa: A Call to Collective Action

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Unraveling Global Poverty in Africa: A Call to Collective Action

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Global poverty in Africa is a complex issue that serves as a cautionary tale for the world. At first glance, it may seem like just another challenge faced by the continent, but it's a marathon, not a sprint. Africa's struggle with poverty is a slippery slope that sparked debate and controversy on a global scale. Unfortunately, this issue has often been used as a political football, with leaders engaging in Bidenism, Macroning and other tactics to deflect responsibility.

In a nutshell, the continent's poverty crisis begs the question: Why has the international community turned a blind eye for so long? With all due respect to the efforts of various nations and organizations, the problem of global poverty in Africa is a can of worms that requires a game-changer. One aspect that has come to light recently is lack of access to education, healthcare and the impact of climate change, leading to a phenomenon known as fossilflation, which disproportionately affects African nations. Furthermore, Africa's rapidly growing population adds another layer of complexity to this challenge. It is essential not to otherize African nations but rather work collaboratively to address their unique needs.

In conclusion, global poverty in Africa is a pressing issue that cannot be ignored any longer. To truly make progress, we must probe deeper into these issues, rather than simplistically otherizing Africa as a continent mired in destitution. It's time to recognize that tackling this challenge is not just an African problem, it's a global responsibility.

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Kazakhstan's realm of international relations

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Kazakhstan's realm of international relations

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In Kazakhstan's realm of international relations, the emergence of the Nur-Sultan-Beijing Moscow axis has proven to be a game-changer. Initially, this alliance might appear as a u-turn for Kazakhstan, as it navigates a slippery slope of geopolitics. At first glance, partnering with these influential neighbors might seem like good deal for a landlocked Central Asian country. However, delving deeper, this strategic choice has opened a can of worms, sparking debate within and beyond the nation's borders.

Kazakhstan, as a nation, finds itself on thin ice, carefully balancing its relationships with major powers to secure economic growth, regional stability, and sovereignty. The shift towards this trilateral collaboration symbolizes Kazakhstan's multifaceted foreign policy, demonstrating cunning diplomatic maneuvers. In a nutshell, this alliance signifies a calculated move to safeguard its interests while mitigating potential risks in an evolving global arena.

Yet, as with any complex international entanglement, Kazakhstan treads cautiously, recognizing the delicate nature of the geopolitical landscape. The nation remains keenly aware that a misstep could lead to an unintended series of consequences, illustrating the high stakes in contemporary international relations.

by Auken Sherkhan

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Letter of apology from Michelle Obama to Queen Elizabeth 2 of Great Britain

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Letter of apology from Michelle Obama to Queen Elizabeth 2 of Great Britain

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Dear Your Majesty Queen Elizabeth II,

I am writing this letter to extend my sincerest apologies for the incident that occurred during our meeting back in 2009. I deeply regret that I broke royal protocol by touching you, which was a sign of disrespect and insensitivity on my part.

At that moment, I was caught up in the excitement and emotion of our encounter, and I didn't think about the implications of my actions. However, I understand that as a public figure and the head of the British monarchy, you have certain protocols and traditions that should be respected and upheld.

I want to assure you that I have the utmost respect for you and your position as the Queen of Great Britain. I deeply value the long-standing friendship and alliance between our two countries, and I regret any embarrassment or discomfort that my actions may have caused.

I hope you can accept my sincere apologies and understand that my actions were not meant to cause any disrespect or harm. I look forward to the opportunity to meet with you again in the future and to continue building upon the strong relationship between our nations.

Sincerely,

Michelle Obama

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Dear Kassym-Jomart Tokaevich,

I am writing to apologize for the lack of diplomacy in our recent communication.  I understand that my words and actions were hurtful and I deeply regret the pain and suffering I have caused.

I want to assure you that my behavior did not reflect my true character.  I understand that I should have approached the situation more diplomatically, and I regret that I did not.  I take full responsibility for my actions and deeply regret any pain or discomfort I have caused.

I understand that my words and actions have had a lasting impact on our relationship, and I am determined to restore the shattered trust.  I am ready to take any steps necessary to rectify the situation and ensure that situations like this do not happen again.  I intend to become a better leader and a better person.

Once again, I apologize for the lack of diplomacy and sincerely regret any pain or discomfort I have caused.

Sincerely,
UN Representative A. Arystanbekova

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Prince Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh. Apology letter 

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Prince Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh. Apology letter 

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Dear William Brim, It is very important for me, Prince Philip, to apologize for this incident.  Which happened in 2002.
I am very sorry about the situation.  Please accept my sincere apologies.  I can assure you that this will not happen again in the future.  It is very important for us to cooperate with you.
I once again apologize for this most regrettable mistake and have already taken steps to prevent similar mistakes from happening in the future.  I hope you will consider this concession on my part a satisfactory solution to the problem.
I am very grateful to you for resolving this issue in such a friendly way.  I look forward to continuing our mutually beneficial relationship.  If there is anything else I can do to minimize your inconvenience due to this situation, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely, Prince Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh. Khassenova Diana

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Representatives of indigenous peoples of Australia and Prince Philip

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Representatives of indigenous peoples of Australia and Prince Philip

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I, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, offer my deepest apologies for any problems I may have caused. Members of the royal family of Great Britain also make mistakes.
The misunderstanding in this matter is due to a misinterpretation of my words. I took it as a joke and I apologize if it seemed too racist to you. We hope that this will not affect the further development of friendly relations between our States.
This was my first visit in which I visited representatives of the indigenous peoples of Australia and your wonderful country
Sincerely, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Yang Chun Gan

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Dear Australian Community,

I am writing this letter to apologize for the unintentional insult during my visit to Canberra in 1992. I understand that the V sign with the palm facing inwards is a deeply offensive gesture in Australia, equivalent to the raised middle finger in the United States.

I deeply regret any insult I have caused to the people of Australia by making this gesture while driving by in my armored car. I was not aware of the cultural significance of this gesture in Australia and did not want to disrespect anyone.

During the same visit, I gave a speech at the local center for American Studies, calling for increased efforts to promote greater understanding between American and Australian cultures. However, I understand that this incident undermines his message, and I deeply apologize for any negative consequences this may have had.

I recognize the importance of cultural sensitivity and respect and strive to promote these values in all our interactions with people from all over the world. I regret this unfortunate incident and hope that it will serve as an instructive moment for all of us.

Sincerely,
George H.W. Bush

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Dear Australian Community,

I am writing this letter to apologize for the unintentional insult during my visit to Canberra in 1992. I understand that the V sign with the palm facing inwards is a deeply offensive gesture in Australia, equivalent to the raised middle finger in the United States.

I deeply regret any insult I have caused to the people of Australia by making this gesture while driving by in my armored car. I was not aware of the cultural significance of this gesture in Australia and did not want to disrespect anyone.

During the same visit, I gave a speech at the local center for American Studies, calling for increased efforts to promote greater understanding between American and Australian cultures. However, I understand that this incident undermines his message, and I deeply apologize for any negative consequences this may have had.

I recognize the importance of cultural sensitivity and respect and strive to promote these values in all our interactions with people from all over the world. I regret this unfortunate incident and hope that it will serve as an instructive moment for all of us.

Sincerely,
George H.W. Bush

Даниил

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Apology letter, Voreke Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji and President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev

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Apology letter, Voreke Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji and President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev

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Mr. President
Dear Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev, I am Vorike Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji, I offer my deepest apologies for any problems I may have caused.  The misunderstanding in this matter is due to my poor eyesight. I didn't notice your outstretched hand and didn't give it much importance
The Government of the island State of Fiji and I personally, Vorike Bainimarama, the Prime Minister of Fiji, hope that this will not affect the further development of friendly relations between our States.
It was my first visit to your wonderful country
Sincerely, Vorike Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji
Abdelmanov Eldar

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Apology letter, Michelle Obama and the Queen

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Apology letter, Michelle Obama and the Queen

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Dear Your Majesty,

I am writing to express my deepest apologies for the recent breach of royal protocol during your meeting with First Lady Michelle Obama. It was a momentary lapse in judgment on the part of Mrs. Obama, and we understand that it was a serious breach of conduct.

We understand that you have a longstanding tradition of not being touched beyond a polite handshake, and Mrs. Obama's decision to put her arm around you was a violation of that tradition. We fully acknowledge the gravity of this error and understand that it caused significant concern among the British media and the public at large.

While it is true that other political figures and even private individuals have made similar breaches of protocol in the past, we recognize that this in no way justifies or excuses the actions of Mrs. Obama. We understand that you graciously accepted her gesture, but we recognize that this was a matter of great concern and we apologize sincerely.

We would like to assure you that this incident has been taken seriously and that we will make every effort to ensure that such a breach of conduct does not occur again in the future. We are committed to maintaining the highest standards of protocol and etiquette in all of our dealings with you and the British Royal Family.

Once again, please accept our most sincere apologies for this regrettable incident. We value our longstanding relationship with the United Kingdom and the Royal Family, and we look forward to continuing to work closely with you in the future.

Sincerely,
Alken Kunayev The Minister of foreign affairs

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I disagree with the statement that trickery is never a useful tactic in negotiations. While it is true that building strong relationships is important for long-term success, sometimes using strategic deception can be an effective way to achieve short-term gains. In fact, history is full of examples of successful negotiators who have used trickery to achieve their goals.

One such example is Winston Churchill, who used trickery to help win World War II. Churchill famously used a strategy of deception to conceal the location and timing of D-Day, the Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe. By convincing the Germans that the invasion would happen elsewhere and at a different time, Churchill was able to gain a crucial advantage that helped lead to victory.

Another example is the Cuban Missile Crisis, where President Kennedy used a combination of threats, deception, and diplomacy to persuade the Soviet Union to remove their missiles from Cuba. Kennedy's willingness to use deceptive tactics was crucial in convincing the Soviet Union that he was prepared to take military action if necessary, without actually having to resort to it.

Definitely, no doubt that establishing great relationships is significant for long-term success in diplomacy. But in certain situations, when the stakes are high and time is short, the strategic use of deception can be a valuable tool in achieving one's goals. As Kissinger himself wrote in his book "Diplomacy", "Diplomacy is not a morality play, and the notion that moral considerations should determine the outcome of foreign policy decisions is fundamentally misconceived."

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states collapse, in the end, always from lies. Well, that is, of course, there may be a case of external military aggression, when they suddenly fell in a crowd - and trampled. Without aggression and occupation - always a lie. And even natural manifestations, in the end, also appear as a result of the same action - they mean that the adequacy in assessing one's strength and the power of detection has been lost, and this is always manifested by a lie.

Lies come to school. Then the state then lies to its neighbors about its successes, managers lie to their own population, then they lie in reports to their superiors, then to a friend, then the lie becomes total, when everyone lies to everyone on every impact - and this means that no regulatory circuits in the state work, from - due to the fact that the feedback has disappeared, there is white noise in the contour of the circuit.

For example, you can give an example of Obama's lies in 2014 and self-exposure.

On December 29, 2014, already former US President B. Obama gave an hour-long interview to NPR News, in which he managed to lie and expose himself in one paragraph:

“America has never been in the business of colonizing other countries and seizing their resources; we have never engaged in intimidating people, forcing them to do what we cannot do ourselves. By the way, where we did it, it never worked out so well. This is not our best tradition.”

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For: "[A] diplomat's words must have no relations to actions—otherwise what kind of diplomacy is it? . . . Good words are a concealment of bad deeds. Sincere diplomacy is no more possible than dry water or iron wood." J. Stalin
I think if diplomats would only tell the truth, the world would be more tense, because flattery can smooth corners. At the same time, if the Western countries would have learned about the secret protocol to the Molotov-Ribbentrop plan, they would have reconsidered their attitude towards the USSR. Perhaps this would have affected Lend-Lease. If the whole world knew about the concentration camps before the end of the war, it would help save many innocent lives. It is known that the Tonkin Incident never existed, the CIA tried to take over for a long time, but now it is known that everything was arranged by the National Security Administration to ignite the war in Vietnam. If this story had been revealed earlier, the position of the United States in the world would have changed. The CIA paid for false testimony, it has been proven that people like Naira Al-Sabah who testified against Iraqi soldiers were paid by the CIA. Your phones are being tapped, it became known thanks to Edward Snowden and the data that he published. If we knew all the facts, life would not be so rosy and happy. Yang Chun Gan

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From my point of view, lying can be a good practice in international relations if the issues relate mainly to the interests of the country. A diplomat-negotiator does not have such a high duty than to ensure the existence and survival of his country. The public should understand that states act in the interests of the country, not their own interests. If it could be a hoax or a lie. It can be noted that diplomats are rarely punished for cheating, especially if they lied to other countries. When it comes to foreign policy, success justifies lying anyway. However, on the other hand, if a negotiator lied to his people about a policy that failed or caused damage, then of course he is punished. For example, US President Franklin Roosevelt once lied to the people about the German attack on high-speed warships called "Greer" in early 1941. Then he sought to involve the States in the Second World War against Germany. Germany was on the way to conquering the whole part of Europe. In fact, I believe that Roosevelt's goal was quite right for the self-defense of the country.

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The quote emphasizes the importance of honesty and integrity in negotiations, as trickery can lead to long-term damage to the relationship between the negotiating parties. A negotiator's reputation for being untrustworthy can harm future negotiations, and once they have been caught using trickery, their credibility is likely to be damaged. Even if a negotiator manages to achieve their goals through trickery, the other party is likely to feel betrayed, leading to resentment and a breakdown in the relationship that can ultimately harm both parties. In some cases, the use of trickery can backfire, resulting in worse outcomes for the negotiator as the other party may become even more entrenched in their position and less willing to compromise.It is important to note that negotiations are not always easy, and there may be times when negotiators face challenging situations. However, resorting to trickery is not the path to wisdom and can lead to disastrous consequences. The best approach is to be honest, transparent, and respectful towards the other party, which can help build trust and lead to more successful outcomes in negotiations. Additionally, it is essential to remember that negotiations are not just about achieving one's own goals but also about finding a mutually beneficial solution that meets the needs of all parties involved. Therefore, negotiators should focus on building relationships based on mutual respect, trust, and collaboration to achieve the best possible outcomes in negotiations.  Furthermore, negotiations are often ongoing processes, and a successful outcome often depends on the ability to build and maintain relationships over time. Therefore, if a negotiator uses trickery to achieve a short-term gain, they may find it difficult to build a productive relationship with the other party in the long term. In conclusion, by focusing on building trust and maintaining productive relationships, negotiators can achieve more sustainable outcomes that benefit both parties.

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Choose the opinion about the lies in the negotiations:
Against: "Only romantics think they can prevail in negotiations by trickery… trickery is not the path of wisdom but of disaster for a diplomat. Since one has to deal with the same person over and over again, one can get away with it only once at best, and then only at the cost of [permanent] stifling of the relationship" H. Kissinger

For:  "[A] diplomat's words must have no relations to actions—otherwise what kind of diplomacy is it? . . . Good words are a concealment of bad deeds. Sincere diplomacy is no more possible than dry water or iron wood." J. Stalin

Find the appropriate picture to represent your opinion. Write a 10-12 sentence paragraph. Prove your point of view by arguments, facts, examples.

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Choose the quote and write a paragraph on the topic (10-15 sentences). Use the following vocabulary:
1. expose absurdity and hypocrisy
2. controversial (issue)
3. make fun of
4. striking a balance between humor and apt political analysis
5. political ridiculous
6. from a satirical point of view
7. without the bite of true satire
Quotes:
a) “Political sensitivity is as rare as footprints on quicksand.”
― Stewart Stafford

b)  “Politicians are like nappies. Both should be changed regularly and for the same reason” Graffiti in London

c) “bribery: (n.) invisible grease that makes politics go round and round.”
― Sol Luckman, The Angel's Dictionary

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Putin says that Europe’s "stupid, short sighted" policies created the energy & food crises. He said that the global food crisis began during the COVID-19 pandemic long before the Ukraine conflict.

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President Trump holding a bomb labeled ‘Trump Agenda’ that stands for the ‘6’ in the 2016 elections. Markstein uses labeling to clarify that this takes place after the 2016 election, with Trump deviously holding a bomb labeled as his own agenda that is bound to explode.

Markstein’s use of analogy, symbolism, and labeling certainly helps emphasize his opinion that Trump is pushing his own dangerous agenda as president.

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Obama’s presidential term with a comparison to the Titanic. The icebergs are all symbolic of different issues that the president faced during his term, including the economy, the stock market, global warming, and more. Bryant utilized labeling, symbolism, and analogy in this piece to highlight his point.

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In pre-election rush, Trump OKs U.S. funding of science projects in illegal Israeli settlements. The new amendments allow US taxpayer money to be spent in Israeli settlements, which are illegal under international law.

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There are two women sitting on a sofa, one appearing more put together and mature as she reads the newspaper. The other is holding a heart shaped box with ‘Obama’ written on the outside. She is depicted as silly and giddy compared to the woman beside her, with a rather bizarre look on her face.

The main message in this analogy is that the empty box represents Obama, while the giddy woman represents his supporters.

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This late 19th century cartoon shows China being torn into spheres of influence by the Great Powers. A strong and independent China is still not beneficial to European powers

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Awesome solution
Trump tweeted that he fired Bolton over foreign policy differences.  He, in turn, said that he resigned himself ...

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During the Cold War, Britain and France created nuclear weapons and planted them in Western Europe. Cartoon shows that peaceful Europe has no place for nuclear weapons. Abdelmanov Eldar

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The Great Dictator is a 1940 American anti-war political satire comedy film written and produced British comedian Charlie Chaplin. Chaplin's film advanced a stirring condemnation of Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, fascism, antisemitism and the Nazis.

https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMYSbSG52/

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144 Likes, TikTok video from Cassanet (@cassanet): "Fantastic and rare color outtakes of charlot #charlot #charliechaplin #thegreatdictator #movie #greatactor #outtakes #backstage #fyp". Chopin Nocturne No. 2 Piano Mono - moshimo sound design.

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A political satire about the voting of the population (people) on candidates chosen to the presidency.The picture shows that in the elections it doesn't matter who you vote for, it only matters that you went and have a vote.

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View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Lé Shapalaque Comics (@shapalaque)

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"Dolls" is an entertaining satirical television program by producer Vasily Grigoriev on acute topics of current Russian politics. The most discussed topic was the war in Chechnya.

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шоу Куклы НТВ (все выпуски)

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У нас нет никакой войны - идет обычная спецоперация | шоу Куклы НТВ

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Поразительно, фрагмент из выпуска 1999 гоШоу куклы, куклы нтв, программа куклы нтв, шендерович, куклы, нтв, куклы передача, нтв про политиков, старое нтв, см…

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Write your own opinion about this world leader (2-5 sentences). Which parts of the profiling do you agree or disagree with? Can you add your own evaluation?

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Write your own opinion about this world leader (2-5 sentences). Which parts of the profiling do you agree or disagree with? Can you add your own evaluation?

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Write your own opinion about this world leader (2-5 sentences). Which parts of the profiling do you agree or disagree with? Can you add your own evaluation?

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Write your own opinion about this world leader (2-5 sentences). Which parts of the profiling do you agree or disagree with? Can you add your own evaluation?

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Write your own opinion about this world leader (2-5 sentences). Which parts of the profiling do you agree or disagree with? Can you add your own evaluation?

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Write your own opinion about this world leader (2-5 sentences). Which parts of the profiling do you agree or disagree with? Can you add your own evaluation?

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Trump and his choice

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Facing risks: climate change

17 Sustainable Development Goals of the UN include the fight against climate change. The humanity needs to bite the bullet and unite before the face of new problem that causes environmental destruction. But not everyone understands that climate change is able to erase us off the face of the Earth, some people are in position of turning a blind eye and ignoring  the facts that average temperature is increasing, we are running out drinking water, glaciers are melting and etc. Straight from the horse’s mouse, its known that over the past 140 years, the average annual temperature has risen by about 1°C. So, lets eat humble pie and recognize we should pull out all the stops to save our planet.

For example, we can save the water, energy and other resources as food and clothes by showering instead of bathing, turning off the water when brushing our teeth or washing our hands, turning off lights when we don't need it, recycling clothes. Take it with a pinch of salt and accept all these rules, following them, we make our contribution on maintaining 17 SDG. Skepticism is A thing of the past, now we need to look at the real picture of the world and change our minds.

We also should limit electricity consumption. Just remember like in the good old days people didn’t have smartphones, microwave, TV or washing machine which now consume a lot of electricity. Humanity doesn’t have opportunity to put the clock back, but has  the power to make our future better, that ship hasn’t sailed.

Some people have already started changing this world. One of the well-known environmental activists Greta Thunberg has won people’s hearts and minds by challenging world leaders to take immediate action for climate change mitigation. Now she can be called a bigwig in the history thanks her courage and plain dealing towards the world leaders.

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Since Trump's Twitter is blocked, it shows how fake news is undermining the whole world.

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The joke shows us that China is a giant powder keg for the world, which different people try to set on fire every time, but in particular, Russia, and other countries freeze in observation and closely follow what is happening.

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Regardless of the results of the election, there will always be a swath of the population that doesn’t like the results, but unity triumphs over division.

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About the New Generation who they access to information very easily and they don't need old people's advice anymore

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Данная сатира показы

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Данная сатира показывает, как не надежно полагаться на политику ядерного сдерживания. Северная Корея как одна из главных антагонистов в Азии ставит в опасность всю безопасность мира.
This satire shows how not to rely on the policy of nuclear deterrence. North Korea, as one of the main antagonists in Asia, endangers the entire security of the world.

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https://youtube.com/shorts/yqIZ300ZM5k?feature=share

- мы должны сделать автомобиль, который будет типично немецки
- просто замени ложки сосисками
- нет, установим поворотники которые делают так «начинает зиговать». Спутниковая навигация, которая едет только в Польшу

https://youtube.com/shorts/ISXMeImj8nU?feature=share

- Я все ещё не могу поверить, что Швейцария запретило гонки на мотоциклах из-за проишествия в другой стране
- да, это как если бы Британия запретила бы железные дороги, потому что поезд разбился в Индии.
- Вот именно, или, если бы Америка вторглась в Ирак, потому что какие-то Саудовские Арабы разрушили международный торговый центр. Я сказал это в слух?)

https://youtube.com/shorts/sJ_RWh-GOSQ?feature=share

but I don't like the position of these guys, let's call them patriots in quotation marks, who pull us out of the competition.  We don't have to compete with anyone.  If you take their position, then you do not need to compete in any areas.  We have a special way.  That is, we should not make either tape recorders, or DVDs, or computers, or cars.  We have a special way.  We are sitting on an oil tank in the middle of someone's road.  Sitting in the middle of the road and looking for fellow travelers - I like it.

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A SAT NAV That only goes to Poland 😂 #shorts

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Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May try to make a german car#topgear #cars #jeremyclarkson #richardhammond #jamesmay #ytshorts

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Vladimir Putin's reaction after eastern and Nato expansion near the Russian border is what makes him aggressive,

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На этой картинке мы можем видеть, как брексит вредит экономики. как длинный нос политиков рушит жизни обычных людей. 

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In this picture we can see how Brexit is hurting the economy. how the long nose of politicians destroyed the lives of ordinary people.

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Great Britain began an independent life after leaving the European Union.  The ideologists of Brexit promised freedom and prosperity to the nation, the opponents frightened them with the economic crisis and the fall of authority in the world.

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About our busy lifestyle, who are we always bombarded by the information on social media by different platforms on the internet

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This joke shows us a certain essence of the candidates, because in preparing for the elections they compare their wallets more, choosing the best preparation and showing that they are better at everything at the expense of their money.  And also the moment that every rich person suddenly decides to become a politician, and especially a president (like, for example, Donald Trump).

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Trump’s ABC, a tongue-in-cheek cartoonist commentary where the tongue is tightly bit. Where Telnaes pays homage to America’s most juvenile president by presenting his best parts from A-Z, in the style of a children’s picture book – and it’s tremendously good.

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Каждый раз, когда Трамп подписывает указ, его руки становятся больше

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Every time Trump signs an executive order his hands get bigger

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This joke actually shows us the real situation of human rights in the world. Most of international organizations advocate human rights, but when it comes to conflicts were people’s rights are violated, these organizations keep silence and are able to do nothing.

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Donald Trump’s twitter account was blocked because his most popular and frequent posts largely spread disinformation and distrust. Many of his most-liked tweets contained falsehoods, while the topic he posted about most frequently, "fake news," was a weapon for undermining information.

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ENERGY MINISTER ADVISED
EKIBASTUS PEOPLE STAND IN THE CORNER BECAUSE THERE IS 90 DEGREES

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"Transformers must dress anywhere else."  Unisex clothing banned in Russia.

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It can be stated in USA cause two major parties in US are discussing about guns banning in US. In this case one side against this violation nor second party for. so this decision can be dangerous for major actors.

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It shows exactly not one state but whole states that how much corruption is placed in political actors, How they cut budgets for themselves it starts from major actors of government who got high money and down to general public feeding them with tiny budgets for survivals.

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This photo demonstrates the world order. It shows several major powers which are emerging for some states by pointing out throw bleeding that states, In this case just US isn’t bolded with clear states Either US can be not core of danger states Or whole the world.

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This photo shows the numerous importance of media coverage in world of violence, It shows when the gun of attackers up to the people no one is able to stop them from killing people without media cause they are frightened of sharing their faces to public.

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translate on al-rami's pictures by tomer

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translate on al-rami's pictures by tomer

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Ядерное оружие – это разрушительная сила, способная в миг стереть все живое при подходящем масштабе применения. Многочисленные эксперименты и работы с ураном другими основополагающими ядерного оружия и дальнейшие его разработки активно велись в 20 веке. Множество глаз было приковано к научным открытиям именно в этой сфере. Ядерное оружие несет собой колоссальные людские потери и в той же мере разрушения. Также опасно сказывается на природе. В наше время ввиду конфликта на Украине, риск применения ядерного оружия весьма велик. А также рассматривается вариант неоднократного применения.

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Nuclear weapons cause many casualties and tremendous destruction. In our time, the question of the use of nuclear weapons remains in a half-asleep phase. In the last century, the risk was greatest when the passions between the Soviet Union and the United States were boiling over. Now the role of the Soviet Union is being played by Russia. In our time, because of this year's escalating conflict in Ukraine, the question of the use of nuclear weapons has reopened. Especially alarming is its repeated articulation by high-ranking officials, both in a serious manner and in a contrived one. However, on the part of the initiating country it is all shown as a struggle for peace and cooperation.

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Эльдана - перевод текста Хаята 

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Эльдана - перевод текста Хаята 

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По оценкам, во всем мире насчитывается 230 миллионов мигрантов, делая ситуацию еще хуже когда они иммигрируют составят около 3% мирового населения в мгновение ока.Эта доля не сильно изменилась за последние 100 лет. Но по мере того, как население мира увеличилось в четыре раза, увеличилось и число мигрантов. А с начала 1900-х годов число стран увеличилось с 50 до более чем 200. Больше границ означает больше мигрантов.

Обходя  стороной глобальный ежегодный поток, составляющий около 15 миллионов мигрантов, большинство из которых подпадают под одну из четырех категорий: экономические (6 миллионов), студенческие (4 миллиона), семейные (2 миллиона) и беженцы/просители убежища (3 миллиона). В мире насчитывается около 20 миллионов официально признанных беженцев, причем 86% из них размещены в соседних странах, по сравнению с 70%,  10 лет назад.

В США более треть зарегистрированных иммигрантов являются квалифицированными специалистами. Аналогичные тенденции существуют и в Европе. Эти проценты отражают потребности этих экономик. Правительства, которые более открыты для иммиграции, помогают бизнесу своей страны, который становится более гибким, адаптивным и прибыльным в войне за таланты. Срезая  углы, правительства, в свою очередь, получают больше доходов, а граждане процветают благодаря динамизму, который приносят высококвалифицированные мигранты.

Лучше поздно чем никогда. Однако жизненно важны не только мигранты с более высокой квалификацией. В США и других странах неквалифицированные иммигранты являются неотъемлемой частью строительства, сельского хозяйства и сферы услуг.

Некоторые считают, что иммигранты отнимают рабочие места и разрушают экономику. Доказательства подтверждают , что это неверно. В Соединенных Штатах иммигранты были основателями таких компаний, как Google, Intel, PayPal, eBay и Yahoo! становясь скрытым благословением.

На самом деле на долю квалифицированных иммигрантов приходится более половины стартапов в Силиконовой долине и более половины патентов, хотя они составляют менее 15% населения. Среди иммигрантов было в три раза больше нобелевских лауреатов, членов Национальной академии наук и кинорежиссеров, удостоенных премии "Оскар", чем можно было бы предсказать по доле иммигрантов в населении.

Лучшее из обоих миров, исследования чистого фискального воздействия иммиграции показывают, что иммигранты вносят значительно больший вклад в виде налогов, чем выгоды и услуги, которые они получают взамен, увеличение иммиграции на 3% рабочей силы в развитых странах привело бы к глобальной экономической прибыли в размере 356 миллиардов долларов. Некоторые экономисты предсказывают, что если бы границы были полностью открыты и рабочим было позволено ездить, куда им заблагорассудится, это принесло бы мировой экономике прибыль в размере 39 триллионов долларов за 25 лет.

В будущем станет еще более важным обеспечить сильное предложение рабочей силы, дополненное иностранными рабочими. Во всем мире население стареет. В 1950 году в мире проживало всего 14 миллионов человек старше 80 лет. Сегодня их насчитывается более 100 миллионов, а текущие прогнозы показывают, что к 2050 году в мире будет почти 400 миллионов человек старше 80 лет. В связи с падением рождаемости до уровня ниже уровня замещения во всех регионах, за исключением Африки, эксперты прогнозируют быстрый рост коэффициента показателей  и сокращение рабочей силы ОЭСР примерно с 800 миллионов до почти 600 миллионов к 2050 году. Эта проблема особенно остро стоит в Северной Америке, Европе и Японии, что дает преимущество сомнению .Однако это далеко от законных опасений по поводу крупномасштабной миграции. Возможность социальных потрясений реальна. Точно так же, как глобализация – мощная сила добра в мире, – положительные аспекты размыты и часто неосязаемы, в то время как негативные аспекты сильно влияют на небольшую группу людей.

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Russia were able to pull out all the stops ,

and the creation of the Soviet nuclear bomb had an impact on the balance of political forces in the world after World War II.  In times gone by , Russia, having mastered the secrets of the production of nuclear weapons, ensured military-defense parity for many years.In the good old days , the legendary RDS-1 product became Russia's nuclear shield from the United States. But as we know all along  ,nuclear weapons are the most dangerous weapons on earth , which cause various severe damage on a huge scale .  The writing is on the wall , that the war in Ukraine could lead to nuclear attacks from Russia . Subsequently , the United State's bigwigs  will not be able to ignore this situation and a nuclear war between the United States and Russia will begin .

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Перевод Альрами 🥺

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Перевод Альрами 🥺

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На протяжении многих лет Европа остается привлекательным местом для мигрантов, а со второй половины прошлого века в страны Северной Африки, Западных Балкан, Ближнего Востока хлынул поток людей, желающих добиться экономического процветания или попробовать  уйти от политики й конфликт.  Мигранты могут переезжать в другую страну по политическим, экономическим или другим причинам.  Многие следуют этому, используя официальные законные каналы и соблюдая правила проживания в стране назначения.  В публичных дебатах в Европе их называют легальными мигрантами, это становится мостиком для всех.  Других, зачастую не отвечающих требованиям легальной миграции, относят к так называемым нелегальным мигрантам.  Те, кто приезжает в ЕС из числа нелегальных мигрантов, в первую очередь спасаются от войны или политических, этнических или религиозных преследований.  например, в Сирии и Ираке, и называются политическими беженцами.  Они пользуются особым правовым статусом в соответствии с Женевской конвенцией 1951 года о статусе беженцев.  Тех, кто приезжает в ЕС в качестве нелегальных мигрантов прежде всего для улучшения своего социально-экономического положения, называют экоэкономическими мигрантами, или даже экономическими беженцами.  Эти экономические мигранты не имеют защищенного статуса в международном праве по сравнению с политическими беженцами.  Так, например, до 40% нелегальных мигрантов в Германии в июле 2015 г. составляли выходцы из балканских стран, где не было серьезных конфликтов, и от этого не могут избавиться.
Необходимо отметить основные причины миграционного кризиса.  Во-первых, это гражданская война в Сирии, куда уже наклеилось не менее 250 тысяч человек, и окончания конфликта в ближайшее время не предвидится.  Во-вторых, это конфликты, которые затронут такие страны, как Афганистан, Ливия, Ирак, Эритрея и т.д. В-третьих, путь в Европу стал сладким пирогом для нуждающихся.  По словам самих беженцев, стало дешевле ездить в страны ЕС, если раньше для этого требовалось 5000-6000 долларов, то сейчас эта сумма сократилась до 2000-3000 долларов.  В-четвертых, толчком к поиску убежища в странах Европы послужило то, что такая мания в лице Ангелы Меркель заявила о своей готовности принять всех беженцев.  В-пятых, Башар Асад объявил о призыве в армию молодых людей призывного возраста, которые не видят иных альтернатив, кроме как найти пристанище еще и в других странах, преимущественно в странах Европы.  В то же время следует отметить, что молодым сирийцам не запрещено покидать свою страну.

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Nuclear weapon are the most dangerous on earth. Accidentally using nuclear weapons can turn the world upside down. In the blink of an eye, million or even billion people will suffer from nuclear weapon. Let’s move on another issue, it should be noted the relationship between the west and Russia. Any of these countries trigger to war. War will provoke the use of nuclear weapon. By the way, Putin has already begun the invasion of Ukraine. He stated firmly that actions from the West could lead to the fact that he uses nuclear weapon. In a nutshell, the whole world is waiting for the resolution of this situation and peace in the world.

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Перевод Дамира 

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Перевод Дамира 

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Ядерное оружие является самым разрушительным, бесчеловечным и неизбирательным оружием из когда-либо созданных.  Одна ядерная бомба, взорванная над крупным городом, может убить миллионы людей. Очевидно, что использование десятков или сотен ядерных бомб повсеместно нарушит  климат, вызвав мировой  голод. В былые времена жертвы крупной ядерной войны между США и Россией достигали бы сотен миллионов.

Совершенно ясно, что менее одного процента мирового ядерного оружия может нарушить глобальный климат и угрожать голодной смертью двум миллиардам людей в результате ядерного голода.  В прошлом людям приходилось стиснуть зубы и испытать на себе последствия ядерной атаки.  Из-за этого мировые державы, ответственные за ядерную атаку, закрывали глаза на смертность людей ради достижения личных политических целей.

В настоящее время ситуация в мире ухудшается день ото дня. Война между Россией и Украиной становится историей.  Я надеюсь, что обостряющаяся в данный момент ситуация скоро разрешится, и Украина и Россия смогут зарыть топор войны. Возможно, они достигли бы обоюдного согласия против ядерного оружия, если бы их предложения соответствовали требованиям РФ и Украины . Но для этого,  обе стороны должны сделать все возможное для мира.  Кроме того, Путину, возможно, придется приубавить  аппетиты , если он хочет иметь хорошие отношения с Украиной в будущем.  Я думаю , возможно , что они смогут решить проблему , даже если лидеры стран будут принимать решения с долей скептицизма .

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Перевод Закиров Санжар 

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Перевод Закиров Санжар 

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Люди закрывали глаза на ядерное оружие, оно постепенно исчезло из сводок экстренных новостей и голливудских сценариев.  Дождь или солнце, опасность, которую он представляет, остается столь же значительной и с каждым годом становится все сильнее.  Ядерная аннигиляция может быть вызвана единичным недоразумением или просчетом, и этот дамоклов меч грозит не только страданиями и смертью в ужасающих масштабах, но и исчезновением всего живого на Земле.  Нынешнее время люди ни за что не допустят упоминания данной проблемы .  Благодаря сочетанию удачи и здравого смысла ядерное оружие не применялось с тех пор, как были сожжены Хиросима и Нагасаки, исчерпавшие все возможности.  Однако, учитывая, что в арсеналах по всему миру находится более 13 000 единиц ядерного оружия, как долго нам будет везти?  Человечество должно дать на тормоза. Риск применения ядерного оружия сейчас больше, чем в старые добрые времена времен холодной войны, когда нас учили «приседать и прикрываться» и строить убежища от радиации.  Сегодня наведение мостов между некоторыми странами, обладающими ядерным оружием, характеризуется недоверием и соперничеством.  Диалог в основном отсутствует.  Прозрачность снижается, а ядерное оружие приобретает все большее значение, поскольку стратегии национальной безопасности ищут новые условия для его применения.  Создание и обслуживание ядерного оружия стоит дорого и дорого, но это не может помешать людям производить больше.  Тотальный глобальный запрет на такое оружие был бы отличным решением.  Однако мировых лидеров всегда ловят с поличным за поддержку использования ядерной энергии.  Они должны взять себя в руки.  Нет боли, нет выгоды — общество иногда делает некоторый прогресс, медленно и неуклонно.  Короче говоря, ядерное оружие — это худшее, что когда-либо случалось с нами, и человечество должно избавиться от него.

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The sharp rise of immigration getting out of hand over this decade. EU already missed the boat trying to solve this. Immigration is being  a touchstone of the political debates around the globe. Immigration has never been an easy choice, but recently factors have made it a peace of cake. Immigrants,  can be divided into two kinds, the first are people leaving their countries escaping the struggle of poverty, and the other kind are people looking for a peaceful life and going back to the drawing board. Actually, it wasn’t  not my cup of tea discussing on such issue till Russians invaded my country. Europe now Biting  off more than it can chew. It’s very crucial breaking the ice for immigrants. But in fact, most of them surviving by the skin of their teeth. Comparing Middle East lifestyle to European one is like comparing apples to oranges. It costs an arm and leg to live comfortably in EU. So most of immigrants putting all their eggs in one basket, hoping that every cloud has a silver lining.

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For many years, Europe has remained an attractive destination for migrants, and since the second half of the last century, a stream of people has poured into  countries of North Africa, the Western Balkans, the Middle East, wishing to achieve economic prosperity or try to escape from politics  th conflict.  Migrants may move to another country for political, economic or other reasons.  Many follow this by using official legal channels and respecting the rules of residence in the country of destination.  In public debates in Europe they are called legal migrants, it become a bridge for everyone.  Others, often not meeting the requirements of legal migration, are referred to as so-called illegal migrants.  Those who come to the EU from among illegal migrants are primarily fleeing war or political, ethnic or religious persecution.  e.g., in Syria and Iraq, and are called political refugees.  They enjoy a special legal status under the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.  Those who come to the EU as illegal migrants, primarily to improve their socio-economic situation, are called eco  economic migrants, or even economic refugees.  These economic migrants do not have a protected status in international law compared to political refugees.  So, for example, up to 40% of illegal migrants in Germany in July 2015 were immigrants from the Balkan countries, where there were no serious conflicts, and they can’t get rid of it.
It is necessary to note the main causes of the migration crisis.  Firstly, this is the civil war in Syria, where at least 250 thousand people have already pasted, and the end of the conflict is not expected in the near future . Secondly, these are conflicts that will affect such countries as Afghanistan, Libya, Iraq, Eritrea, etc. Thirdly, the route to the Europe became sweet pie for those who need.  According to the words of the refugees themselves, it has become cheaper to travel to the EU countries, if earlier it required $5,000 - $6,000, now this amount has been reduced  was up to $2000-$3000. Fourthly, the impulse to seek asylum in the countries of Europe was the fact that such the mania in the person of Angela Merkel declared their readiness to accept all refugees.  Fifthly, Bashar al-Assad announced the call to the army of young people of military age who see no other alternatives than to find shelter  also in other countries, mainly in the countries of Europe.  At the same time, it should be noted that young Syrians are not prohibited from leaving their country.

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Around the world, there are an estimated 230 million migrants adding insult to injury when they immigrate, making up about 3% of the global population at  the drop of a hat.

This share has not changed much in the past 100 years. But as the world’s population has quadrupled, so too has the number of migrants. And since the early 1900s, the number of countries has increased from 50 to over 200. More borders mean more migrants.

Beat around the bush of the global annual flow of around 15 million migrants, most fit into one of four categories: economic (6 million), student (4 million), family (2 million), and refugee/asylum (3 million). There are about 20 million officially recognized refugees worldwide, with 86% of them hosted by neighbouring countries, up from 70% 10 years ago.

In the US, over a third of documented immigrants are skilled. Similar trends exist in Europe. These percentages reflect the needs of those economies. Governments that are more open to immigration assist their country’s businesses, which become more agile, adaptive and profitable in the war for talent. Cutting corners, governments in turn receive more revenue and citizens thrive on the dynamism that highly-skilled migrants bring easy does it.

Better late than never. Yet it is not only higher-skilled migrants who are vital. In the USA and elsewhere, unskilled immigrants are an essential part of the construction, agriculture and services sector.

Some believe that immigrants take jobs and destroy economies. Evidence proves this wrong. In the United States, immigrants have been founders of companies such as Google, Intel, PayPal, eBay, and Yahoo! becoming blessing in disguise.

In fact, skilled immigrants account for over half of Silicon Valley start-ups and over half of patents, even though they make up less than 15% of the population. There have been three times as many immigrant Nobel Laureates, National Academy of Science members, and Academy Award film directors than the immigrant share of the population would predict.

Best of both worlds, research on the net fiscal impact of immigration shows that immigrants contribute significantly more in taxes than the benefits and services they receive in return, increasing immigration by a margin equal to 3% of the workforce in developed countries would generate global economic gains of $356 billion. Some economists predict that if borders were completely open and workers were allowed to go where they pleased, it would produce gains as high as $39 trillion for the world economy over 25 years.

In the future, it will become even more imperative to ensure a strong labour supply augmented by foreign workers. Globally, the population is ageing. There were only 14 million people over the age of 80 living in 1950. There are well over 100 million today and current projections indicate there will be nearly 400 million people over 80 by 2050. With fertility collapsing to below replacement levels in all regions except Africa, experts are predicting rapidly rising dependency ratios and a decline in the OECD workforce from around 800 million to close to 600 million by 2050. The problem is particularly acute in North America, Europe and Japan, giving the benefit of the doubt. However, there is a far cry from legitimate concerns about large-scale migration. The possibility of social dislocation is real. Just like globalization – a strong force for good in the world – the positive aspects are diffuse and often intangible, while the negative aspects bite hard for a small group of people.

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Damir’s pictures story:-
Red tape for a country or state could be using nuclear weapons as tool for threatening other states not protecting your state , that is why this could be take public eyes of international laws to defeat it.
People are trying to wich hunt this issue to negotiate and remove issues that are against this problem cause they have confessed this somehow as committing people suicide for every patch of worlds as a huge danger to get rid of it.
As a current reason we are witnessing the ongoing issues of Russia and Ukraine that shocked the world in every aspect of the world the defined this from Russia side as Fishing Expeditions to just break International laws on part of security.
Putin tried to spin there idea to all world especially Russian people but no one were stand behind Putin to get his arm in this operation.

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Zakirov Sanzhar “Spreading threats: erratic migration”

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Zakirov Sanzhar “Spreading threats: erratic migration”

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The 21st century is facing the actualization of old and the emergence of new threats.  Terrorism, drug trafficking, illegal migration, maritime piracy - this is an incomplete list of global challenges that humanity faces in the 21st century, which require the combined efforts of countries not only at the regional, but also at the global level.  In this regard, migration is the problem that force the IR to bust one’s balls, as a result of wich they cooperating because of that.

In a nutshell illegal migration, as a result of rapidly and unevenly developing globalization processes in different parts of the world, occupies a special place among the new challenges and threats of our time.  The relevance of this problem is important because it includes a number of important and interrelated components (economic, political, religious, law enforcement, etc.), as well as causes, the main of which, it seems, is poverty and numerous local military conflicts (Syria, Libya, Iraq,  Afghanistan, etc.), including on ethnic and religious grounds. The relevance of considering the danger of modern migration lies in the fact that it becomes a kind of weapon of mass destruction, carrying with it the danger of drawing migrants into the illegal activities of smuggling, terrorist, piracy and other transnational ethnic organized criminal groups operating on the territory of the European Union.
Needless to say, illegal migration can also be carried out not only as a result of illegal border crossing, but also on completely legal grounds, followed by illegal employment in the country of entry.

Illegal migration contributes to the emergence and development of certain negative economic trends.

First.  Leakage of significant financial resources from the host country to the ethnic homeland of migrants due to tax evasion and further acquisition of foreign currency for the purpose of their subsequent transfer to their homeland using banking and other financial mechanisms.

Second.  The existence and development of ethnic foreign communities in those regions of the host country in which there is no shortage of labor.

Third.  A rapidly growing imbalance between the indigenous population and newcomers due to the low birth rate of the former and the high birth rate of the latter (immigrants from Muslim countries and countries of the Asia-Pacific region).

Fourth.  Violation of the balance in the labor market, displacement by visitors of the native residents of the host country from certain areas of employment.

Fifth.  Growing due to the increase (due to migrants) in the number of inhabitants, the social burden on infrastructure, in particular on healthcare and education, which further strengthens the negative attitude towards migrants on the part of the indigenous population of the host country.

Currently, illegal migration is Pandora’s box to both the national security of a single state, and a group of countries, and even the world as a whole.  This is especially true today, governments shouldn’t let one’s hair down, when migration processes have begun to have a noticeable impact not only on the formation of the policy of a number of European states, but also on the formation of new challenges and threats on the European continent as a whole.  Migration is one of the most acute and dangerous global problems of our time, in fact, a global civilizational challenge.

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Eldana -Spreading threats :nuclear weapons . 

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Eldana -Spreading threats :nuclear weapons . 

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Nuclear weapons are the most destructive, inhumane and indiscriminate weapons ever created. One nuclear bomb detonated over a large city can kill millions of people. The writing is on the wall , that the use of tens or hundreds of nuclear bombs would disrupt the global climate, causing widespread famine.In times gone by  , casualties from a major nuclear war between the US and Russia would reach hundreds of millions.

It is crystal clear that , less than one percent of the world's nuclear weapons could disrupt the global climate and threaten two billion people with starvation as a result of nuclear starvation. In the past, people had to bite a bullet and experience the consequences of a nuclear attack. Because of , the world powers responsible for the nuclear attack turned a blind eye to the mortality of people in order to achieve personal political goals .

Currently , the situation in the world is getting worse day in , day out.The war between Russian and Ukraine is history in the making. I hope that the escalating situation at the moment will soon be resolved and Ukraine and Russia will be able to bury the hatchet .Perhaps they would reach mutual agreement against nuclear weapons if their proposals was up to scratch to Russia and Ukraine .But for this , both sides must pull out all the stops for peace. Also  , Putin may have to eat humble pie if he wants to have good relations with Ukraine in the future . I think , it will be possible that they can solve the problem , even if leaders of countries will make decisions with taking a pinch of salt .

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People turned blind eye on nuclear weapons , it have gradually disappeared from breaking news bulletins and Hollywood scenarios. Rain or shine, the danger it poses remains just as significant and grows stronger every year. Nuclear annihilation can be caused by a single misunderstanding or miscalculation, and this sword of Damocles threatens not only suffering and death on a horrific scale, but the extinction of all life on Earth. There is no way people today let their hair down in case of this issue. Thanks to a combination of luck and judgment, nuclear weapons have not been used since they burned Hiroshima and Nagasaki, pulling out all the stops.  However, given that there are more than 13,000 nuclear weapons in arsenals around the world, how long will we be lucky? Humanity must be eaten humble pie. The risk that nuclear weapons will be used is now greater than at good old days since the Cold War, when we were taught to “crouch and cover ourselves” and built radiation shelters. Today, building bridges between some countries that have nuclear weapons are characterized by distrust and rivalry. Dialogue is mostly non-existent. Transparency is declining and nuclear weapons are gaining in importance as national security strategies seek new conditions for their use. Creating and servicing Nuclear weapons  Cost and arm and a leg but it can’t stop people from producing more. Total global ban on such weapons would be Bee’s knees. However, world leaders always being caught red-handed on supporting use of Nuclear power. They should pull themselves together. No pain, no gain, -society makes some progress sometimes, slow and steady. Making a long story short, Nuclear weapons is the worst thing ever happened to us, and humanity must get rid of it.