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Research study: “Navigating (gendered) social worlds: A qualitative exploration of Canadian young people’s social relationships and mental health”

The study I selected examines the relationships of young people in Canada and how their social environments can impact their mental health. The study considers how the role of relationships, social pressures, and individual factors can help people make sense of who they are and how they relate to the world.

The method of research employed by this study was qualitative research, which focuses on individual factors, experiences, and/or perspectives. The researchers prioritized the participants’ accounts, moving beyond collecting and analyzing purely quantitative data.

This is a branch of sociology because it attempts to understand how social dynamics and structures, as well as relationships, influence individual behavior and lived experiences. - Saron Woldeyesus

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https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2026/03/ai-advice-sycophantic-models-research

The article chosen discusses recent research that shows AI models give affirming answers when users ask for personal advice, rather than offering objective, balanced and constructive responses. The study evaluated that AI can be overlay agreeable even when the actions being discussed were harmful, unethical or illegal.

For this study, the researchers conducted multiple experiments across 11 AI models. Using quantitative research methodology, the AI models were given thousands of prompts from various social posts where the poster was in the wrong, as well as statements that included negative conduct. They compared the AI model responses to human responses and found that AI was overly agreeable 49% more often.

This was a quantitative study that relied on numerical data, large datasets, experiments and statistical comparisons. The study produced measurable results and comparisons between groups, rather than focusing on detailed personal interviews or observations.

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News Article: Ontario high schoolers need higher grades to get into university than ever before, data shows (CBC News)

Link:https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ontario-high-school-grades-on-the-rise-9.7072730

This article discusses a study that examined how university admission averages in Ontario have changed over time. The researchers found that students now need higher grades than ever before to gain admission to many university programs. To conduct the study, researchers analyzed admission and grade data collected from Ontario universities by the Council of Ontario Universities. The research methodology used was secondary data analysis because the researchers examined existing data rather than collecting new information directly from participants. This is a quantitative study because it relies on numerical data, percentages, and trends in admission averages. The researchers used statistics to identify patterns and changes over time rather than focusing on personal experiences or opinions. I found this study interesting because many students feel pressure to achieve extremely high grades in order to remain competitive for university admissions, and this research helps explain why that pressure continues to grow.

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Cocaine pollution alters the movement and space use of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a large natural lake: Current Biology

This study tested the impacts of cocaine pollution on a population of Atlantic salmon in Sweden. This was a quantitative study that measured values such as survival rates, movement dynamics, distances, and patterns, as well as tissue concentrations of three groups of salmon exposed to different chemicals. This study found that the chemical that was produced after humans metabolized cocaine had more of an impact on the salmon than cocaine. This study utilized scientific methodology to collect measurements and conduct the experiment. The results relied on numerical and statistical data to conclude the impacts of human and cocaine waste on aquatic environments and populations.

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I found a news article discussing research on the relationship between social media use and mental health among young adults. The study examined whether spending more time on social media was associated with higher levels of anxiety,depression, and  loneliness.

The researchers conducting the experiment collected numerical data through numerous surveys which were to be completed by participants. They gathered information about social media usage and compared it with responses about mental health and well-being. The researchers then studied and analyzed the data to identify patterns of relationship.

The method used was survey research, by collecting numerical evidence to answer a research question. This study is primarily quantitative because it uses numerical data collected from a large group of participants and analyzes that data statistically. Rather than relying on casual observations or assumptions, the researchers used systematic methods to test their ideas and draw conclusions.

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Social Media Use, Personal Screen Time, and Mental Health Indicators Among Canadian Youth - Mental Health Research Canada

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Youth * Mental Health * Youth mental health * Canadian youth mental health * Screen time * Depression * Anxiety * Suicidal Ideation

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The news story I chose is from The Guardian, and it talks about an animal behaviour study testing to see if giant manta rays possess self-awareness. The scientists who conducted this study wanted to determine if their cognitive abilities extend to self-recognition. The research methodology that was used is called the Mirror Self-Recognition (MSR) test. This test allows them to find a baseline control by documenting the rays' normal behaviour and reactions to strangers. Afterwards, they introduced a large mirror into the tank to observe how the rays interacted with their reflections.

This study is a qualitative one that is rooted in structured behavioural observation. The reason it is a qualitative study is that the researchers and scientists are observing and interpreting the meaning behind the animals' behaviour. In the end, the study concluded that the rays showed self-awareness because they showed self-directed behaviours rather than social ones

Reference

Smith, L. (2018, February 27). Mirrors have revealed something new about manta rays – and it reflects badly on US. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2018/feb/27/mirrors-have-revealed-something-new-about-manta-rays-and-it-reflects-badly-on-us

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https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/48/1/59/8371934

Above is the research study I chose to use. Being from a gaming background, stuff like this study was always brought up by our parents and some relatives. When it comes to social media and gaming and their effects on the mental state and health of teenagers or younger, while inconclusive as observed by any study in this particular line of analysis, it does have real implications in my understanding, especially that of social media.

The study was done over three years and dealt with 25000 people in Manchester. The researchers would ask them questions about their individual use of social media, gaming habits, and any perceived mental symptoms. The stated methodology was longitudinal, which meant the same participants were studied over a longer period of time.

The study was most definitely quantitative in nature, as can be seen from the enormous amount of data that was presented and the analytical basis for every given subject. It also boasted a very large sample size, amount of usage, patterns, and its effect on the mental health of the participants.

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The article I chose discusses how many employees would consider leaving their jobs if work from home (WFH) were discontinued. This explains how workers feel about remote work and whether they would stay with their employer if they were required to return to the office full-time. I can personally relate to this because I also work from home, which makes me agree with the employee perspective presented in the study. According to the researcher, about 46% of the remote employees stated that if they could no longer work remotely, they would be unlikely to continue in their current job. Moreover, the article also stated that young employees and women were more likely to consider leaving their jobs if they lost the ability to work remotely. Working from home makes many aspects of daily life easier to manage. For example, it significantly reduces the amount of time spent travelling. In addition to lowering stress and fatigue, this helps me to make better use of extra time for other crucial routine tasks. I can see why a lot of employees would rather work remotely and be unwilling to go back to a fully in-person workplace. The research used a survey methodology through the Pew Research Centre's American Trends Panel. Additionally, this is a Quantitative study because it collects numerical data from the larger group of participants and reports the findings using percentages and statistical trends.

-Janvi Patel

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Many remote workers say they’d be likely to leave their job if they could no longer work from home

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Among employed adults who have a job that can be done from home, 75% are working remotely at least some of the time.

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This news story is about the challenges and experiences Parents in Peterborough are facing. Researchers found that many parents were struggling with balancing responsibilities, stress and maintaining connections with their families and communities today.

The Methodologies used are Survey and Focus group. The survey data is quantitative because it collects information that can be measured and analyzed statistically. The focus group method is qualitative because it is going through participants’ experiences, opinions and perspectives. Since they used both qualitative and quantitative research, that makes it a mixed methodology.

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Trent University study says Peterborough parents ‘struggling to hang on’ | Globalnews.ca

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A study out of Trent University says parents in Peterborough are ‘struggling to hang on’ as they attempt to keep their families connected with one another and the community.

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1. The study is set out to investigate the link between social media and sleep issues in teens. The researchers sought to find out if heavy or problematic SNS use was linked to low sleep efficiency in adolescents aged 11–15 years. The study revealed that increased social media use was associated with an increased risk of sleep difficulties.

2. The method of the study employed by the researchers was survey research. They studied 212,613 teens from 40 European and North American countries who responded to the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey.

3. This study was quantitative in nature, based on numerical data obtained from a large sample of the survey. The researchers did not conduct in-depth interviews or ask for experiences from the respondents, but used statistical analysis to investigate the connection between the use of social media and sleep problems.

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Social media boundaries can improve teen sleep

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UQ research has shown intense and problematic social media use is linked to sleep difficulties in adolescents.

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Week 3 Backpack Activity: Visshnee Thirikaran

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Week 3 Backpack Activity: Visshnee Thirikaran

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Teenagers who go to bed early and sleep longer have sharper brains- Study

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/apr/22/teenagers-bed-early-sleep-longer-sharper-brains-study?

This news article discusses a research study conducted by researchers from the University of Cambridge and Fudan University that examined the relationship between sleep habits and cognitive performance in teenagers. The study analyzed data from more than 3,000 adolescents and found that teenagers who went to bed earlier, slept longer, and had lower sleeping heart rates performed better on cognitive tests measuring skills such as reading, vocabulary, and problem-solving. The researchers used a quantitative research methodology. They collected and analyzed numerical data from brain scans, cognitive assessments, and sleep-tracking devices called Fitbits. By comparing sleep patterns with cognitive test results, they were able to identify statistical relationships between sleep quality and brain function.

This is a quantitative study because it relies on measurable data, large sample sizes, and statistical analysis rather than interviews or observations. The researchers used numerical measures such as hours of sleep, heart rate, brain volume, and test scores to conclude the relationship between sleep and cognitive performance among adolescents.

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Self-harm among young Canadians is on the rise

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Self-harm among young Canadians is on the rise

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Article:

https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/self-harm-injury-canada-9.7130367

The research study I chose is about how self-harm rates have risen within young people within Canada. This study found that the amount of self-harm in young people between 2000-2024 raised 3.5% each year. This is considered to be a longitudinal study. This is because the study covered a 25 year period of time. This research is considered quantitative research. This is because it focuses on the percentages, numbers and was conducted through surveys. If it had been qualitative it would have been conducted through ways such as interviews.

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The audio version of this article is generated by AI-based technology. Mispronunciations can occur. We are working with our partners to continually review and improve the results.

WARNING: This story contains details about self-harm and suicide.
For three years, Margaret Boldt was hurting herself to feel some type of control over her life.

Boldt, who lives in Windsor, Ont., says she grew up in an abusive household and struggled with an eating disorder. At 16, she says she started to cut herself.

"In the beginning, I almost wanted people to notice, because I wanted them to know how much I was really struggling," she said. "When it became more of an addiction, then I started hiding it more."

But the cuts became so severe that she was eventually going to the hospital "every other day, if not every day some weeks" for stitches.

She then started using drugs, as she found that being high kept her from cutting herself.

Now at 20 years old, Boldt says she hasn't hurt herself in five months and is currently in a substance use recovery program.

Boldt is part of a growing number of young people who are turning to self-harm in Canada, according to new research published Monday in the Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics.

On average, the rate of self-harm for people aged 24 and younger who were medically treated for it increased by 3.5 per cent each year between 2000 and 2024 - meaning it more than doubled over the 25-year study period, said lead author Dr. Natasha Saunders.

In 2000, Saunders's research points out, there was an average of 10.2 self-harm medical visits per 10,000 people. Over the years, that rate grew. The increase was steepest among girls, at 3.6 per cent annually, compared to 1.2 per cent a year for boys.

"It says to us that our kids are not doing well, and if we don't put the brakes on and put things in place to stop this trajectory, we're in real trouble," she said.

When the authors looked at research on self-reported self-harm, they found a 2.5 per cent yearly increase across both girls and boys.

"This is what we're seeing on the ground - I see it in my practice, at the hospital; we see it on the pediatrics wards," said Saunders, who is also a pediatrician at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. However, she said, the trends' magnitude surprised her.

Saunders says they found a similar upward trend across all of the countries that they looked at.

Her large-scale analysis reviewed 42 studies from January 2000 to December 2024, and included more than 234 million people. The research was from a dozen high-income countries, including Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom.

The studies either tracked self harm-related hospital visits or looked at self-reported surveys. The analysis defined self-harm as purposefully injuring oneself, with or without the intent to die by suicide.

What's most concerning to Saunders, is that these numbers are likely a "gross underestimate."

"Many, many people will self harm or have self-injury without actually presenting to health care," she said. "This is really the tip of the iceberg."

Self-harm is the 'canary in the coal mine'

The increase is particularly troubling, says Saunders, because self-harm is often the "canary in the coal mine."

"It speaks to the broader distress. It speaks to what is to come in terms of their overall health," she said. "And so I think we need to really pay attention."

While self-harm is not a mental illness in itself, it can be a symptom of one,and it also puts people at greater risk of dying by suicide, says Dr. Rachel Mitchell, child and youth psychiatrist at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto.

"If you learn to hurt yourself as a way of coping, then you constantly utilize that as a way of coping," she said. "And eventually it just makes us more desensitized to doing something more serious, more lethal."

Mitchell says this is particularly worrisome, given that recent data shows more young girls in North America have been dying by suicide.

Research also finds that adolescents who self-harm are at a greater risk of developing anxiety, depression or a substance use disorder as young adults.

Is social media playing a role?

While this latest research doesn't explore what's behind the increase, the study's authors suggest that social media is partly to blame.

And there's quite a bit of research to back that up, with a literature review highlighting several studies where social media use has led to an increase in mental distress and self-harming behaviours.

"Everything is being thrown at [youth] right now. There's global events that are going on that are distressing. The information is coming at them so quickly," said Saunders.

"We're not equipping them with the necessary means to help with their emotional regulation and help with coping."

WATCH | Previous findings say similarly:

And despite restrictions aimed at limiting such content, kids are still exposed to self-harm and suicide-related material online, notes Mitchell.

But she also adds that social media likely isn't the full cause, noting that it can also offer a safe space to people who are struggling.

Experts don't really know why girls are hurting themselves more than boys, but Mitchell says it could be because girls spend more time online and are more prone to self-comparison.

Boldt, the Windsor-based 20-year-old, says she agrees that social standards and the pressure to fit in play a role.

Her friend Jessica Pauli, who is also in recovery for substance use, said she self-injured for years. While social media didn't encourage her, Pauli says she remembers when self-harm content was more easily available and shared online.

"It's scary that, like, suicide ... really can be glorified and made into something [that's] cool," she said.

"Life gets hard sometimes, but you've got to find a way to deal with it healthily because you're just going to set yourself back if you do the bad stuff."

Coping strategies

When it comes to coping, Mitchell says it's important for young people to be reminded that heightened emotions are temporary, and that they can develop healthy mechanisms to turn to when they feel triggered.

"That could be listening to music, touching something cold, smelling something nice ... something ... just to take the intensity of that emotion away," she said.

Saunders says there's more that can be done to protect youth, pointing to Australia's social media ban for those under the age of 16, which came into effect in December. She says it will be important to see how effective it is.

The Canadian government has looked to create an Online Harms Act to better protect youth from harmful content. But the controversial bill was tossed out in January 2025, when Parliament was dissolved.

Ottawa has said it still plans to move forward with some type of similar legislation, but it hasn't yet announced anything.

Where to get help

If you or someone you know is struggling, here's where to look for help:

If you're worried someone you know may be at risk of suicide, you should talk to them about it, says the Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention. Here are some warning signs:

Suicidal thoughts.

Substance use.

Purposelessness.

Anxiety.

Feeling trapped.

Hopelessness and helplessness.

Withdrawal.

Anger.

Recklessness.

Mood changes.

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Rising self-harm rates in several countries, including Canada, are the 'tip of the iceberg': say experts | CBC News

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A growing number of young people are turning to self-harm in Canada and other parts of the world, according to new research.

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Screen time in bed linked to worse sleep, study finds. - W3 Madeleine Rose

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Screen time in bed linked to worse sleep, study finds. - W3 Madeleine Rose

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Week 3 backpack: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz79jpxzev5o

1. The research study I chose is how screen time in bed linked to worse sleep. It indicates that each hour of screen time is linked to an increase in experiencing insomnia and contributing to individuals having less sleep overall. Overall, researchers were only able to confirm that screen time has a connection to lower sleep quality. It has not been confirmed that these are directly related to each other. The study talks about this not being connected to any one app or platform but it is connected to ANY kind of screen use. It is encouraged to engage in a different relaxing activity before bed including, reading, meditation, a shower and self care could promote better quality sleep overall. The study notes that the ‘Screen time in bed linked to worse sleep’ (McMahon, 2025) This study still provided ‘ provided "valuable, mounting evidence” (Joshua Piper, 2025) The study talks about other important factors that could contribute to sleep quality including avoiding caffeine, alcohol or large meals before going to sleep. This study is not absolute truth but it does show us patterns and encourages researchers to continue work in this subject.

1. The research methodology used by the researchers in this study was a survey. The research surveyed and asked participants to relay if they used any digital type of media before going to bed. This included watching TV, scrolling on social media, engaging in video games, etc. In the survey, individuals were also asked to provide an estimate on how many nights per week before bed they would be doing these screen based activities and how much time was spent. They were also asked about how frequently they struggled to fall asleep, stay asleep, wake up strangely early or how often they experienced tiredness and fatigue.

3. This would mainly be considered a quantitative study because it focuses on numerical data from a survey. The survey provided researchers with percentages based on responses from 45,000 Norwegian students.

Works Cited

McMahon, L. (2025, April 1). Screen time in bed linked to worse sleep, study finds. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz79jpxzev5o

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Study sheds light on social media and mental health

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Study sheds light on social media and mental health

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This article shows a research study about the relationship between social media use and mental health in teenagers. The University of Edinburgh got 3000 teens from ages 11-14 and examined if the amount of time spent on social media predicted mental health problems later on, like anxiety, self-harm, depression, and more. The study later found that low to average social media use did not predict mental health issues later on.

I believe the researchers used a longitudinal research methodology because they followed the same group of teens over several of years and collected the data at different times.

This is a quantitative study because the researchers used numbers and statistics from thousands of people to maybe look for patterns or even correlation between social media use and mental health. The study focused on its data and results instead of the personal stories.

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Social media time does not increase teenagers’ mental health problems – study

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Social media time does not increase teenagers’ mental health problems – study

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In this article, we learn about a study that was done by researchers at the University of Manchester. They studied to find if adolescents who spend lots of time on social media sites, and in the virtual world through computer games suffer from the negative health that comes with it. By analyzing approximately twenty five thousand (25000) United Kingdom based adolescents that were mostly of the ages 11 to 14 years of age for a duration of three (3) years, and collecting data in respect of the amount of hours which participants’ devote to playing video games and browsing on social media platforms.

Every year they were made to respond to queries on their mood, emotional well being, depression and anxiety. The research used longitudinal type research method in its research design. Therefore, same group of students is being followed over a period of several years, to allow them examine changes, and see if social media usage predicts mental health.

This study is quantitative since they are based on numeric data. Data is collected through the structured questions asked of participants. They measure data, analyze relationship between number of hours they spend social surfing and their feeling of anxiety and depression.

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Screen time spent gaming or on social media does not cause mental health problems in teenagers, according to a large-scale study.

With ministers in the UK considering whether to follow Australia's example by banning social media use for under-16s, the findings challenge concerns that long periods spent gaming or scrolling TikTok or Instagram are driving an increase in teenagers' depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions.

Researchers at the University of Manchester followed 25,000 11- to 14-year-olds over three school years, tracking their self-reported social media habits, gaming frequency and emotional difficulties to find out whether technology use genuinely predicted later mental health difficulties.

Participants were asked how much time on a normal weekday in term time they spent on TikTok, Instagram, Snapchat and other social media, or gaming. They were also asked questions about their feelings, mood and wider mental health.

The study found no evidence for boys or girls that heavier social media use or more frequent gaming increased teenagers' symptoms of anxiety or depression over the following year.

Increases in girls' and boys' social media use from year 8 to year 9 and from year 9 to year 10 had zero detrimental impact on their mental health the following year, the authors found. More time spent gaming also had a zero negative effect on pupils' mental health.

"We know families are worried, but our results do not support the idea that simply spending time on social media or gaming leads to mental health problems - the story is far more complex than that," said the lead author Dr Qiqi Cheng.

The research, published in the Journal of Public Health, also examined whether how pupils use social media makes a difference, with participants asked how much time spent chatting with others, posting stories, pictures and videos, browsing feeds, profiles or scrolling through photos and stories. The scientists found that actively chatting on social media or passive scrolling feeds did not appear to drive mental health difficulties.

The authors stressed that the findings did not mean online experiences were harmless. Hurtful messages, online pressures and extreme content could have detrimental effects on wellbeing, but focusing on screen time alone was not helpful, they said.

"Our findings tell us that young people's choices around social media and gaming may be shaped by how they're feeling but not necessarily the other way around," said Prof Neil Humphrey, a co-author. "Rather than blaming technology itself, we need to pay attention to what young people are doing online, who they're connecting with and how supported they feel in their daily lives."

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Social media time does not increase teenagers' mental health problems - study

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Research finds no evidence heavier social media use or more gaming increases symptoms of anxiety or depression

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Article Link: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2025/04/22/teens-social-media-and-mental-health/?

1.     The Research study I chose is Teens, Social Media, and Mental Health. This study looks into how social media is affecting teenagers’ well-being and mental health. Specifically, this study looks at things affected by social media like confidence, sleep, relationships, and mental health. The study found that in teens, there are positive and negative effects stemming from social media use with teens.

2.     The research methodology that was used in this study was a survey. The research surveyed teenagers 12 to 17 years of age, asking them questions about their social media usage and how they feel it personally affects them.

3.     This would be considered a quantitative study as it uses numerical data, percentages, and survey results to show patterns. An example of this is seen in the study, where they compare the number of teen girls versus teen boys who say social media has negatively affected their mental health. One of the first things seen in the study is that around 1 in 5 teens say social media harms theimental well being. This quantitative data is well-rounded research covering teens ages 12 to 17.

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Woodchips on trails reduce tick populations

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Woodchips on trails reduce tick populations

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This study was done to test whether or not pesticide soaked woodchips were effective in combatting local tick populations along walking trails. They carried out Field Research by placing some of the pesticide soaked woodchips in certain locations and then comparing them to places they didn't touch. This is an example of a quantitative study, as it simply was a collection of raw data to discover whether or not a system was working.

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Please confirm you are a human by completing the captcha challenge below.

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Study sheds light on social media and mental health

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Study sheds light on social media and mental health

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News Article Link: https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/study-sheds-light-on-social-media-and-mental-health

1. The study examined whether the amount of time 11 and 14 year olds spend on social media has an effect on their mental health a few years later. The study tracked more than 3,000 adolescents and looked at mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, self-harm, and suicide attempts. The researchers findings showed that for those who used social media at low to moderate levels, social media use was not a strong predictor future mental health problems. Researchers also explained that the relationship between social media and mental health is very complex and can be influenced by many other factors such as family relationships and previous mental health conditions.

2. The research methodology used by the researchers was a longitudinal survey study. They collected data from the same group of participants over several years to observe patterns and changes throughout the youths' lives. Participants self-reported surveys about their social media use and mental health. Researchers also adjusted the data to account for outside influences on the adolescents, including family and peer relationships.

3. This was a quantitative study because the researchers collected numerical data from thousands of participants as well as analyzed statistics to identify patterns and relationships between social media use and mental health outcomes.

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I found a news article about how social media can affect the mental health of teenagers and young adults.

Article Link:
Yale Medicine – Social Media and Youth Mental Health

1. The study was about how social media and digital media use can affect the mental health and behaviour of young people. Researchers looked at both the positive and negative effects of social media, including issues like anxiety, depression, and stress. The researchers also used smartphone data to better understand behaviour and mental health patterns.

2. The research methodology used in the study included collecting smartphone and social media data from participants and analyzing patterns in behaviour and mental health. The researchers examined information from digital devices to study how social media use relates to mental health outcomes.

1. This is mainly a quantitative study because the researchers collected and analyzed measurable data, such as smartphone usage, social media behaviour, and mental health information from many participants. Quantitative research focuses on numbers, patterns, and statistics rather than personal opinions or detailed interviews.

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This study was about:

The study focused on the sleep habits of adolescents in the United States and concluded that adolescents are sleeping less than they did decades ago. The trend of teens' sleep from 1991-2023 was examined, along with some factors associated with poor sleep, including academic stress, screen time, social media and stress. The research also covered the impacts of insomnia on mental well-being, academic achievement, and overall health.

2) How did the researchers conduct their research:

The research methodology adopted by the researchers was Survey Research. They used data from Monitoring the Future, a long-term national study of more than 400,000 eighth-, 10th, and 12th-graders. They were asked about the regularity of their nightly sleep of 7 or more hours and if they thought they were getting enough sleep. This vast amount of data was then analyzed to look for trends through time and to determine differences between groups of teens.

3) Is it qualitative or quantitative? Why?

It is a quantitative study, as it uses numbers and statistical analysis. The researchers gathered quantifiable data from hundreds of thousands of surveys and studied trends, frequencies, and percentages of sleep behaviours across years. The study was not based on personal interviews, opinions, or detailed lived experiences; it was focused on numbers and patterns.

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US teens getting less sleep than ever, new report finds

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Homework, social pressure and jobs still keep teens up but now screen time and social media rob their sleep

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Teenagers losing sleep because of smartphone use.

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Teenagers losing sleep because of smartphone use.

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1. The research examined how nighttime smartphone use impacted sleep in teens. Researchers at universities, including the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai looked at 657 teens, average age 15. But they found more than half of the teens were on their phones between midnight and 4 a.m. on school nights, taking away from sleep. The researchers also connected this lack of sleep to things like poor academic performance and general health problems.

2. The research methodology used was a tracking study, using passive data collection. Instead of simply asking teens how much they used their phones, researchers installed a tracking app that logged smartphone activity during the night. Participants were followed as part of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. This would enable researchers to get actual behavioural data over time, rather than self-reports alone.

3. It is a quantitative study because it focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis. The researchers looked at things like how many people they had, how much phone use there was during certain hours, and the average number of minutes teens spent on their phones at night. The study was quantitative research because it used measurable data and analyzed patterns using numbers.

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The article I chose to write about focuses on how daily step counts impact an individual's health, especially the risk of early death and cardiovascular diseases. The article's study attempts to better understand whether or not increasing step count can lead to a healthier life. The research method that was used in this study was quantitative as it included gathering data that used numbers from a large group of individuals and then analyzing the patterns in their step counts and outcomes. This would be considered quantitative as it focuses on measurements, data and statistics instead of personal experiences in order to compare or test the results that have been gathered.

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1. The research study focuses on the world's biggest human imaging project in which 100,000 volunteers participated in body scans, including their hearts, brains, blood vessels, bones and other major organs, to help scientists study human health over an 11-year period. This project is led by UK Biobank, which is one of the largest centres for the collection of biological samples and public health data in the world. The main goal is to understand and interpret how our physical body changes with time and also as people age. Professor Naomi Allen, who is the chief scientist at UK Biobank, says that researchers are already using this health data to identify early health problems and treatment at early stages. In addition to that, this data is available at low costs to various teams across the world in order to find innovative ways to prevent acute and chronic health conditions. Mainly this BBC news article talks about the 100,000th volunteer named Steve, who represents the completion of this project.

2. The research study uses a longitudinal and observational research methodology because it studies and understands one social phenomenon over a long period of time. Volunteers were scanned over for many years to observe changes in their bodily organs as they age. Different scans were compared over time to identify patterns that may link to ageing, acute and chronic diseases. They were asked to answer regular fitness questionnaires and other samples to determine how lifestyle changes can result in major differences.

3. This is a quantitative study because it focuses on collecting large numerical data from more than a billion scans and from 100,000 volunteers. The research involves numbers, statistics, body measurements, and large-scale data analysis. It uses a positivist approach and scientific method, which includes objectivity and structured observations.

Lovepreet Kaur

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Biggest human imaging study scans 100,000th UK volunteer

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UK Biobank scientists say the human body can be studied in greater detail than ever thanks to people like Steve.

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Article: “MRI scans show exercise can make the brain look younger”

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/01/260121034130.htm

1. What was the study about?

The study examined whether exercise can slow brain aging and help keep the brain younger.

2. What research methodology was used?

Researchers used MRI scans and exercise data to study participants over time.

3. Was it qualitative or quantitative research? Why?

This is quantitative research because the researchers used numerical data, brain scans, and scientific measurements.

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AI Can Accurately Flag Pediatric ADHD: New Study   -phanny iragena

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AI Can Accurately Flag Pediatric ADHD: New Study   -phanny iragena

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1. What the Study Was About

I chose a study that explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used to spot a child's risk for ADHD at an early age. I learned that researchers from Duke Health wanted to see if a computer program could look at a young child's regular doctor visits and predict if they would get an ADHD diagnosis later in childhood. This matters to me because the article highlights that catching ADHD early leads to better grades and lower high school dropout rates.

2. The Research Methodology Used

In my review of the study's method, I found that the scientists used a computer-based data analysis process with two major steps:

Pre-training the AI: First, they fed the AI program the electronic health records of 720,000 individuals so the computer could learn what general medical histories look like.

Pattern Testing: Next, they trained and tested the model using the records of 140,000 children (some with ADHD and some without). The AI analyzed doctor data from birth to age 5 to look for specific behavioral and clinical patterns that human eyes might miss.

3. Classification: Why I Classified This as a Quantitative Study

I have classified this research as a quantitative study.

My reasons why:

It focuses on numbers and statistics: The research measures its success through math. The final result proved that the AI could predict an ADHD diagnosis with 92% accuracy.

It uses massive sample sizes: The study looks at massive datasets (720,000 baseline records and 140,000 children's files) rather than small-scale personal stories. Quantitative studies always rely on big numbers to prove a trend.

There are no personal opinions or interviews: The researchers did not interview families or ask kids how they felt, which would be qualitative data. Instead, they strictly looked at standardized, hard numerical data fields inside electronic medical records.

https://www.additudemag.com/artificial-intelligence-diagnosis-adhd/

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Access denied | www.additudemag.com used Cloudflare to restrict access | www.additudemag.com | Cloudflare

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Conspiracy theories continue to mobilize extremists to violence

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Conspiracy theories continue to mobilize extremists to violence

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What the study was about:

This study investigated how online conspiracy theories catalyze the mobilization of already-radicalized individuals to commit real-world violence or illegal activities. In the research, rather than just looking at mainstream conspiracy believers, the researchers focused on extremists who held anti-government sentiments.

What research methodology was used: The researchers utilized digital content analysis and a case-study approach. They started by reviewing specific violent incidents from early 2024. From there, analysts traced the perpetrators' digital footprints by reviewing their personal social media accounts on X, YouTube, Telegram, Facebook, and TikTok. By analyzing videos and following the narratives these individuals posted before their arrests, the researchers were able to draw direct links between their online media use and their real-world actions.

Qualitative or Quantitative study (and why):

This is mostly a qualitative study. While the report briefly mentions quantitative stats, the core of the research relies on interpreting the data rather than statistical analysis. They focused on understanding why these specific individuals acted by analyzing the ideologies, emotional trauma, and narratives expressed in their social media histories. I would say it aligns with the interpretive approach because it seeks to understand the human motivation and social context behind the violence.

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Conspiracy theories continue to mobilize extremists to violence - Institute for Strategic Dialogue

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In this Dispatch, ISD looks at three recent incidents that highlight the ability of conspiracy theories to motivate extremists to action, a trend likely to continue through 2024, particularly online.

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Fewer than 5,000 steps a day enough to boost health 

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Fewer than 5,000 steps a day enough to boost health 

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1. The study examined how daily step count affects a person’s health, specifically their risk of early death and cardiovascular disease. Researchers wanted to understand whether walking more each day was associated with better health outcomes, and they found that even moderate number of daily steps could have health benefits.

2. The researchers used a quantitative research methodology by collecting and analyzing numerical data from large numbers of participants. They measured daily step counts and compared them health outcomes, using statistical analysis to identify pattern and relationship between physical activity and disease risk.

3. This is a quantitative study because it is based on numerical data and statistical analysis.  the researchers measured things like step counts and health outcomes, then used those numbers to draw conclusions. It is not qualitative because it did not focus on person experience, interviews, or opinions.

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Scientists found a giant magnetic "twist" hidden inside the Milky May. 

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Scientists found a giant magnetic "twist" hidden inside the Milky May. 

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1. A study posted on ScienceDaily claims that astronomers have uncovered a hidden magnetic twist inside the Milky Way.

2. The research methodology that was used was an observational quantitative research study using radio telescope surveys and computer modeling. The researchers collected data from an effect called “Faraday rotation” which occurs when radio waves travel through areas filled with electrons and magnetic fields, which was able to help trace hidden magnetic structures throughout the galaxy. They also created a 3D model of the Milky Way’s magnetic field and discovered a region of the milky way, the Sagittarius Arm, where the magnetic field looked to be in a reserve direction.

3. This is considered to be a quantitative research study due to the scientists collecting and analysing numerical data rather than relying solely on personal opinion or descriptions.

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1. This article talks about homelessness of university students, the researchers wanted to understand how many post-secondary students experience homelessness, and house insecurity, what causes this, and how this affects their personal as well as their academic lives.

2. The researchers used interviews as their methodology. They interviewed 65 students who were experiencing homelessness, and 54 academic staff members from different Canadian colleges and universities.

3. This was a qualitative study because it focuses on peoples experiences, their emotions, and their perspectives on homelessness as a post-secondary.

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Build more student housing to increase supply for residents, urges Windsor homeless shelter

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The head of a Windsor homeless shelter is calling on upper levels of government and post-secondary institutions to assume greater responsibility for providing housing to students as a means of addressing the housing crisis in the region.

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1) This article assessed how the length of one’s sleep impacted the rate at which their body aged biologically. From the data of more than half a million individuals, it was realized that lack of sleep and having an excess of sleep increased biological aging and posed health hazards. However, the researchers observed that sleeping for 6.4-7.8 hours improved healthy aging.

2) The researchers used an observational research technique on a massive scale. The information was gathered on the participants health conditions and sleeping patterns and then compared to aging patterns in different organs in the body.

3) I would say this is a quantitative study because there was analysis of numerical data such as sleep duration, biological measures of age, and health data from over half a million participants. Statistical analyses were applied to determine any correlations between sleep and aging.

Link: https://www.healthline.com/health-news/sleep-duration-associated-with-faster-biological-aging?

-Skyler Findlay

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Higher racial diversity in US business and law schools is linked to higher graduate salaries

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Higher racial diversity in US business and law schools is linked to higher graduate salaries

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1. What the study was about

This study is about the importance of racial equality in higher-education as there seems to be (according to the study) a correlation between higher graduate salaries and racial diversity. This is important to note because this will encourage institutions to strive for more racial diversity within their programs as it not only is ethically correct, it is beneficial to the programs and institutions themselves. Specifically, they found that in a statistically informed hypothetical of 100 graduates, a student from a minority group coming from a broadly inclusive institution is expected a starting salary of $164.94 per MBA graduate and $343.77 per JD graduate. As for the hypothetical graduate of a minority group leaving a narrowly inclusive institution, their starting salary would look like $125.24 per MBA graduate and $297.58 per JD graduate. (Mitra et al)

2. What research methodology was used by the researcher(s)

The research methodologies implemented was statistical analysis across 72 different statistical models pulling from information consisting in "2,964 classes of MBA students graduating from 141 business schools over 29 years and 3,386 classes of JD students graduating from 200 law schools over 21 years." They relied on such large data sets because they found that previous studies relied on much smaller data sets which were not able to easily isolate the relationship between racial diversity and cohort salary. Other factors in their statistics include: selection cohort-based programs for regular interaction with peers, labour-market values of each class through its median starting salary after graduation, and other control data such as undergraduate grades and entrance exam scores (Mitra et al)

3. Whether it is a qualitative or quantitative study and why

This is a quantitative study due to the fact that they are analyzing large numbers of different data sets to come to a hypothesis based in a correlation between the two factors. It was particularly important to the study to use large data sets because the correlation would not be created if the data sets were less significant.

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Higher racial diversity in US business and law schools is linked to higher graduate salaries

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Graduate salary data indicate that there are learning and economic benefits of racial diversity in education programmes.

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https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/anxiety-depression-substance-research-9.7181904

1) What the study was about:

The study looked at the population of Manitobans during 2022-2023 who were experiencing mental health and substance issues, such as anxiety and depression. The main objective of the research was to determine the number of people seeking services for anxiety and the types of services used. The study determined that nearly 1  in 5 people in Manitoba were seeking care for anxiety issues, 1 in 6 were seeking care for depression, and high rates of alcohol and opioid addictions. It was also mentioned that the rates may be underrepresenting the actual numbers, as they only counted people who actually received or were seeking real medical help.

2) What research methodology was used by the researcher(s):

In this study, the researchers used secondary data and statistical analysis of manatobas health data, where they examined health care and hospital visits or stays, the amount of prescriptions administered, and the number of uses of healthcare services. So they look at existing data and records rather than conducting interviews or surveys.

3) whether it is a qualitative or a quantitative study, and why: Quantitative analysis, as they examined numerical data to determine the number of mental health issues in the Manitoba population.

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1 in 5 Manitobans sought care for anxiety, study finds - but researcher says that's likely an undercount | CBC News

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A new study says about one in five Manitobans over the age of 15 sought health-care services for anxiety symptoms over a one-year period - but some say those numbers may be an undercount.

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Research Study Citation: A Different Kind of Wedge Issue: What Golf Reveals About Working Across Ideological Lines. (2025, December 3). Yale Insights. https://insights.som.yale.edu/insights/different-kind-of-wedge-issue-what-golf-reveals-about-working-across-ideological-lines

‌

1. What is this study about?

This study examines how political differences affect people's ability to work together, using PGA tour golfers as a natural experiment. Since golfers are randomly paired in tournaments, researchers could observe whether players performed differently when paired with someone who shared or opposed their political ideology. Researchers thought that golfers performed worse when paired with someone from the opposite political party, especially during high political tension.

2. What research methodology was used?

The researchers used a quantitative observation methodology, which was based on PGA Tour rounds of archival data analysis, randomized pairings, using public voter records and donation data, and statistical modelling to compare performance when paired with politically similar vs. dissimilar partners. This allowed them to isolate the effect of political mismatch on performance.

3. Is this qualitative or quantitative?

This research is quantitative since it relies on numerical performance data, which in golf is scores, strokes gained, and rankings. It uses statistical analysis to test the hypothesis. There are no interviewees, observations, and conclusions are based on measurable, numerical differences in performance.

Maddie Nelson

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A Different Kind of Wedge Issue: What Golf Reveals About Working Across Ideological Lines

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How do political differences affect workplace performance? A study of professional golfers, co-authored by Yale SOM’s Balázs Kovács, suggests that working alongside someone of the opposite political orientation may dampen the ability to execute tasks successfully.

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Studying these young Alzheimer's patients led to breakthroughs.

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Studying these young Alzheimer's patients led to breakthroughs.

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1)    what the study was about

This research article is about the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), which is a research project that studies families of that who carry the genetic mutations that lead to an increased probability of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. This study examines these individuals in order to better understand how Alzheimer’s develops, when the brain change begins to happen and whether treatment can delay or entirely prevent symptoms.

2)    what research methodology was used by the researcher(s)

The researchers within the study used longitudinal clinal research. They followed the participants in which were affected over the course of multiple years while collecting a multitude of different types of medical data. The study also examined patients with Alzheimer’s disease in order to observe the changes before symptoms appeared.

3)    whether it is a qualitative or a quantitative study and why.

The study is a quantitative study as the researchers collected and analyzed measurable scientific data. The goal within the study was to measure patterns, predict progression, and to analyze whether treatments worked or not. Although the article included personal interviews, the actual research itself relied on numerical and medical data.

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Studying these young Alzheimer’s patients led to breakthroughs. Trump cut the funding

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Families with rare gene mutations that cause Alzheimer’s in middle age are giving scientists a unique window on the disease, and a quick way to test potential treatments.

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Increased Asthma levels in relation to gas stoves usage

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Increased Asthma levels in relation to gas stoves usage

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1. This article from Global News talks about a study published by the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health that showed a potential link between gas stove use and childhood asthma cases in the United States.

2. The research methodology used numbers and statistics, with no interviews. the authors examined all the data from one certain point in time. They used exisiting datasets from censuses and meta-analyses.

3. This study is quanitative. The study uses numbers, statistical estimates, and mathematical modeling to answer its research question. It mainly relies on national datasets, prevalence statistics, and odds ratios from a meta‑analysis, then applies population attributable fraction (PAF) calculations to estimate how many asthma cases are linked to gas stoves.

Callum Fohshow

References:

Gruenwald, T., Seals, B. A., Knibbs, L. D., & Hosgood, H. D., 3rd (2022). Population Attributable Fraction of Gas Stoves and Childhood Asthma in the United States. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010075

Rasche, T. (2023, January 12). Gas stove safety tips after study links appliance to asthma: “A couple things you can do”. Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/9407411/gas-stove-study-risks-manitoba-safety-tips/

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Gas stove safety tips after study links appliance to asthma: ‘A couple things you can do’ - Winnipeg | Globalnews.ca

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Newly released research shows a possible link between gas kitchen appliances and childhood asthma, but Manitoba experts say there are measures to help minimize the risks.

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People Who Lose Weight On Ozempic-Type Drugs Stigmatized Worse Than Those Who Stay Heavy

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People Who Lose Weight On Ozempic-Type Drugs Stigmatized Worse Than Those Who Stay Heavy

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1) I came across this reallty interesting study from Rice University which studied how people judge others who lose weight using drugs like Ozempic compared to someone who lost weight through diet and exercise. However the results were actually surprising because the people who used the drugs were judged more harshly than people who did not lose any weight at all. The researchers found that the stigma comes from people seeing medication as an easy way out even though the person lost weight they were still looked at negatively because of how they did it.

2) The researchers used an experiment as the methodology where the participants were given short written scenarios about a fictional person and then asked to rate them on things like personality and their willingness to spend time with them. The researchers only changed one thing which was how the person lost weight and kept everything else the same, therefore making it possible to see how drug based weight loss affected the way the participants judged them. However they also ran a second experiment looking at how the weight was regain after stopping medication.This added another layer to the overall findings of the study.

3) The study is quantitative because it uses numbers and follows a positivist approach. The participants responded on a seven point scale and the results were compared statistically, therefore all the data collected was numerical which is what makes it a quantitative study. However what I find most interesting is that even though the data is numbers the topic is very sociological because it is about stigma, judgment and social norms around the body which are things we have been learning about in this course

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People Who Lose Weight On Ozempic-Type Drugs Stigmatized Worse Than Those Who Stay Heavy

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People who lose weight on Ozempic face harsher social judgment than those who stay heavy, according to new research.

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1 energy drink can be over the daily caffeine limit for a teenager: new research

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1 energy drink can be over the daily caffeine limit for a teenager: new research

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1. The Research article I chose is about the caffeine content in energy drinks with most of them being two times over the recommend caffeine limit for teens, who are their primary consumers.

2. The methods of research that were used in this article were both testing and measurement. Researchers performed many tests comparing different energy drink brands and whats labeled in the contents.

3. This article was more of a quantitive study rather than a quliative study due to the fact that this article uses numbers and measurements

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1 energy drink can be over the daily caffeine limit for a teenager: new research

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Energy drinks have been around for decades, promising a “boost” to help you get through the day. However, they’ve recently become more popular especially with teenagers and new investigations find they may be a bad choice for teenagers.

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Teens using AI to diet may be told to eat almost 700 fewer calories than they need 

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Teens using AI to diet may be told to eat almost 700 fewer calories than they need 

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1. The study I chose was about how the use of AI for diet plans may cause a deficit of 700 calories fewer than they need, and the harms that come from turning to AI for nutritional advice.

2. The research methodology used was experimental, as researchers used 4 different prompts in each of the 5 different AI platforms to see what advice would be given. For each platform, they gave descriptions of four 15-year olds, two girls and two boys, each with an “overweight” and “obese” BMI classification respectively, and stated that the individuals wanted to lose weight. Each of the AI platforms gave a three day meal plan, which were then compared to dietician’s recommendations. The recommended caloric average from AI was significantly lower than dieticians would advice for teenagers, even those pursuing weight loss. Additionally, the majority of the energy intake from AIs’ plan was from proteins and fats, while dieticians were from carbohydrates. The disparities between the two illustrate the potential for harm should teenagers pursue weight loss following the meal plan given by AI rather than educated professionals, especially given the extreme accessibility of AI compared to dieticians.

3. This study used a mix of both qualitative and quantitative methods. In terms of quantitative methods, it analyzed both the specific caloric recommendations from AI vs dieticians as well as the energy intake division between fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. The study looked at the discrepancies between these numbers and the potential harms on the body with a significantly lower caloric intake, and the impacts of a low-carb high protein/fat diet. For qualitative methods, the study also acknowledged the role that inadequate intake and inaccurate information could play in the perpetuation of eating disorders, especially amongst those already vulnerable. The study notes that with rigid and insufficient nutrition diet plans, it may trigger the use of extremely unhealthy weight control behaviours including self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, and fasting (Staff, 2026).

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Teens using AI to diet may be told to eat almost 700 fewer daily calories than they need

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If a teen is interested in losing weight, chances are they may turn to artificial intelligence platforms to get advice.

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"People who are optimistic tend to have healthier hearts, study finds"

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"People who are optimistic tend to have healthier hearts, study finds"

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Studies link optimism to better heart health, lower risk of disease - The Washington Post

1.     The article talks about how majority of individuals had focused on health advice with the same 6 things “Eat healthily, exercise, don’t smoke, and manage cholesterol, blood pressure and stress.” However, the article discusses a research study on how positive thinking and optimism may help lower your risk of heart disease, stroke, and premature death. The article makes it clear that optimism doesn’t replace medication but might help improve “cardiovascular health” by having a more positive outlook on your situation. The researchers looked into multiple clinical trials involving adults with or at risk of heart diseases and studied if “positive psychology interventions” like gratitude exercises, mindfulness, and acts of kindness could improve health outcomes.

2.     I believe that the research methodology used would be considered a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. This means that the researchers collected multiple different results and analyzed them from more than one clinic, then went on with the experiment, where participants were assigned to treatment groups and control groups to compare outcomes.

3.     I would consider this a quantitative study due to the researchers using numerical data like the blood pressure measurements, or inflammation levels to help analyze the results statistically.

(in case the top link doesn't work)

https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2026/05/14/studies-link-optimism-better-heart-health-lower-risk-disease/

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People who are optimistic tend to have healthier hearts, study finds

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A growing body of research suggests that optimism may protect the heart — both biologically and by promoting healthier habits.

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Social media time does not increase teenagers’ mental health problems – study

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Social media time does not increase teenagers’ mental health problems – study

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1) what the study was about,

The study aimed to examine whether increased time on social media and gaming caused mental health problems such as depression and anxiety among teenagers. Researchers followed through 25,000 young people between the ages of 11 and 14 over three school years. The study revealed that increased use of social media did not directly cause mental health problems. Researchers concluded that teenagers experience online is more important than how much time they spend online.

2) what research methodology was used by the researcher(s),

Researchers used a longitudinal research methodology. Data was collected data from the same group of teenagers over a certain period and tracked changes in their metal health and social media use. Patterns over multiple years were compared to identify any existing relationship between screen time and emotional well-being.

3) whether it is a qualitative or a quantitative study and why.

This is a quantitative study because numerical data was collected from different participants and results were analyzed statistically. Variables such as hours spent on social media, gaming frequency, anxiety levels, and depression symptoms were measured.

https://www.theguardian.com/media/2026/jan/14/social-media-time-does-not-increase-teenagers-mental-health-problems-study?utm_source

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Social media time does not increase teenagers’ mental health problems – study

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Social media time does not increase teenagers’ mental health problems – study

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1) what the study was about,

The study aimed to examine whether increased time on social media and gaming caused mental health problems such as depression and anxiety among teenagers. Researchers followed through 25,000 young people between the ages of 11 and 14 over three school years. The study revealed that increased use of social media did not directly cause mental health problems. Researchers concluded that teenagers experience online is more important than how much time they spend online.

2) what research methodology was used by the researcher(s),

Researchers used a longitudinal research methodology. Data was collected data from the same group of teenagers over a certain period and tracked changes in their metal health and social media use. Patterns over multiple years were compared to identify any existing relationship between screen time and emotional well-being.

3) whether it is a qualitative or a quantitative study and why.

This is a quantitative study because numerical data was collected from different participants and results were analyzed statistically. Variables such as hours spent on social media, gaming frequency, anxiety levels, and depression symptoms were measured.

https://www.theguardian.com/media/2026/jan/14/social-media-time-does-not-increase-teenagers-mental-health-problems-study?utm_source

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1 in 10 LGBTQ+ youth attempted suicide in past year, survey finds

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1 in 10 LGBTQ+ youth attempted suicide in past year, survey finds

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1. The study is about the mental health of LGBTQ+ young people in the U.S. and how this project can find ways to support them during this mental health crisis. The article discusses some key findings from the survey, such as how 1 in 10 LGBTQ+ youth have attempted suicide in the past year, and how 36% have seriously considered it. The article also discusses findings amongst the same demographic in regards to how the U.S. anti LGBTQ+ laws have been negatively impacting the mental health of almost all LGBTQ+ youth.

2. The research methodology used was an online survey for self-identifying LGBTQ+ young people ages 13 to 24 that lived in the U.S. The questionnaire was 171 questions and was targeted for a diverse amount of people from different parts of the U.S., gender identities, and ethnicities all within the aforementioned demographics.

3. It is a quantitative study because it uses numerical data from a large group of people (16,000) in an online survey. Then, they present the findings in a staticstical manner like fractions and percentages. Had the findings come from in-depth, focused methods such as interviews, discussions or case studies, the study could've been qualitative.

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1 in 10 LGBTQ+ youth attempted suicide in past year, survey finds

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Young LGBTQ+ people are struggling with their mental health, according to a national survey − and an organization says discriminatory politics aren’t helping.

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1)     This study is looking at the discrepancies in male education and female education, starting as young as kindergarten. It talks about how male students often struggle more than females, resulting in lower graduating rates, lower academic standings, and more. It highlights how males and females succeed in different settings, and how the way school is currently puts males at a slight disadvantage. Also talking about how this issue, has consistently been overlooked by the government and education system.

2)     The methodology used was secondary data analysis. The article used data collected from multiple different sources, including Statistics Canada, Health Canada, and different testing results in the Quebec education system. This information was gathered and used to show the discrepancies between male and female education throughout the article.

3)     This is a quantitative study, as the information examined has to do with grades, averages, and percentages. This information is numerical and is used to show the discrepancies between the female and male student school outcomes, and experiences.

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Most say they support LGBTQ2S+ Canadians, but actions don’t line up

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Most say they support LGBTQ2S+ Canadians, but actions don’t line up

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1.     What is the study about?
The article is about a survey that was conducted by Ipsos for Fierté Canada Pride.    The survey examined attitudes toward LGBTQ2S+ people in Canada, including:

Levels of support for LGBTQ2S+ people in Canada.

Whether Canadians consider themselves allies and which Canadians are more likely to be active allies.

Perceptions regarding discrimination faced by LGBTQ2S+ people in Canada and whether discrimination is increasing or decreasing.

2.     What research methodology was used by the researcher(s)?

The research methodology that was used was a quantitative survey that was conducted online to a sample of more than 1000 Canadian adults.  The survey used standardized questions and to keep the survey consistent with Canadian demographics, statistical weighting was used to account for demographic differences.  According to the article: “quotas and weighting were employed to ensure that the sample’s composition reflects that of the Canadian population according to census parameters” (Global News, 2023).

3.     Is it a qualitative or a quantitative study and why.

This is a quantitative study because it uses numerical data and the responses are presented statistically.  Also, the study used close-ended questions that were standardized.  In a qualitative study, open-ended questions would have been used and possibly interviews or focus groups.

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Most say they support LGBTQ2S+ Canadians, but actions don’t line up: poll - National | Globalnews.ca

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Less than half of Canadians polled are likely to sign petitions, speak up against homophobic or transphobic comments online, or attend a rally in support of the queer community.

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Can you trust a Finding? - Gabriella Pershad

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Can you trust a Finding? - Gabriella Pershad

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In recent years, there has been an increasing worry regarding the reliability of scientific study findings, particularly in the social sciences. A significant research effort called SCORE, which investigated whether the findings of published studies in fields like psychology, sociology, and economics could be effectively duplicated, is discussed in a news piece from Phys.org. The goal of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of the reliability and coherence of research findings in the social and behavioral sciences.

A quantitative research methodology was utilized by the investigators. They employed statistical techniques to compare the original findings with replication results after analyzing numerical data from numerous previously published investigations. By using this method, they were able to find trends and gauge how often research might be effectively repeated.

Because it relies on quantifiable data, statistical analysis, and numerical comparisons rather than firsthand accounts or open-ended questions, this study is quantitative. To make judgments on the validity of scientific study, the researchers used data analysis and replication rates.

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Credit: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain

Findings from the Systematizing Confidence in Open Research and Evidence (SCORE) program-a collaborative effort involving 865 researchers-have been published in Nature as a collection of three papers alongside a release of five additional preprints. The SCORE program offers new empirical evidence on the reproducibility, robustness, and replicability of research across the social and behavioral sciences, and the predictability of replicability.

The SCORE program examined the capability of humans and machines to predict the replicability of research findings. In the process, SCORE accumulated an enormous database of information about the credibility of a large sample of findings from across the social and behavioral sciences.

The program's outcomes will contribute to strengthening how research is interpreted and communicated, work that supports authors, reviewers, funders, policymakers, and readers' understanding and use of research evidence. Improving credibility assessment will help direct attention and resources for further research to where they have the greatest impact in accelerating production of knowledge and solutions.

SCORE is a large-scale, multi-method research initiative designed to improve how scientific credibility is assessed in the social and behavioral sciences. The program examines multiple dimensions of research repeatability-including reproducibility, robustness, and replicability-to better understand the credibility of published findings from multiple perspectives.

The SCORE team sampled claims from 3,900 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning criminology, economics, education, finance, health, management, marketing, organizational behavior, psychology, political science, public administration, and sociology. These claims were subjected to a variety of methods of credibility assessment.

The contributions of hundreds of researchers were coordinated by several lead teams. Sampling of claims, gathering of credibility measures, and conducting of replication and reproduction studies was coordinated by the Center for Open Science (COS). Human expert assessments were conducted by two independent teams, the repliCATS project and Replication Markets, to evaluate the viability and accuracy of forecasting research replicability.

Three teams led by researchers at Pennsylvania State University, TwoSix Technologies, and the University of Southern California implemented machine-learning and algorithmic approaches to predicting replicability. And, the Metascience Lab from Eötvös Loránd University coordinated the robustness assessments.

Clarifying terminology and key concepts

A basic contribution of the program is to affirm emerging standards for some terminology related to credibility and trustworthiness of research. Specifically, reproducibility, robustness, and replicability refer to distinct aspects of the repeatability of evidence-an important component of creating generalizable knowledge.

A preprint from Nosek and colleagues explains the terminology to support clear and consistent understanding.

Across its studies, SCORE findings suggest that reproducibility, robustness, and replicability each capture distinct aspects of research credibility, and that published claims vary in how well they hold up under these distinct forms of scrutiny. The following are brief summaries of each of the three papers appearing in Nature.

What the three Nature papers found

As reported by Miske and 127 co-authors, SCORE revealed limited transparency, which makes reproducibility and robustness assessment infeasible. Data was available for only 24% of a sample of 600 assessed papers. For the 143 papers that were subjected to reproduction tests, 74% successfully reproduced at least approximately and 54% precisely.

Success was associated with how much was shared from the original paper. Approximate (91%) and precise (77%) reproducibility was highest for papers where both original data and code were shared, and lowest (38% and 11%) when reanalysis required reconstructing the original dataset from public sources (e.g., retrieving census data and reconstructing the data management and analysis steps reported in the paper).

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As reported by Aczel and 490 co-authors, SCORE revealed hidden uncertainty in research findings by conducting systematic testing of analytical robustness of 100 papers. For each paper, at least five independent analysts tested the same question with the same data, applying their own decisions about how to best analyze the data.

Some 34% of independent reanalyses revealed the same result as the original finding within a narrow tolerance range (+/- 0.05 Cohen's d units), and 57% revealed the same result with a tolerance range four times the size. Regarding the conclusions drawn, 74% of analyses were reported to arrive at the same conclusion as in the original investigation; 24% to no effects/inconclusive result, and 2% to the opposite effect as in the original investigation.

As reported by Tyner and 291 co-authors, SCORE revealed that it is challenging to replicate original findings with independent data. Of 164 papers subjected to replication attempts, 49% replicated successfully according to the most common criterion for assessing replication (statistical significance with the same pattern as the original study), and the observed effect sizes for replication studies (0.10 in Pearson's r units) were less than half the magnitude of the original studies (0.25).

Preprints offering further analysis and context

The five preprints released alongside the Nature collection provide additional evidence about credibility and predictability of research findings:

Abatayo and 85 co-authors combined evidence across the SCORE program and observed that measures of repeatability and credibility are only weakly related with one another. This suggests that credibility is multidimensional and it is unlikely that there are broadly applicable shortcuts to establishing the validity and reliability of research findings.

Mody and 33 co-authors reported evidence from two distinct methods of eliciting predictions from people about the replicability of findings: repliCATS and Replication Markets. They observed that human assessments are reasonably accurate at predicting replication outcomes (76% and 78% success rates by best performing metric for the two methods respectively).

Rajtmajer and 39 co-authors reported evidence from three distinct automated methods of eliciting predictions from machines about the replicability of findings: Synthetic Markets, MACROSCORE, and A+. None of the three methods were consistently effective at predicting which claims would replicate successfully or not, suggesting some caution for earlier evidence of successful use of machine methods for such assessments.

Eight of the leaders of the SCORE program (Nosek, Aczel, Errington, Fidler, Mody, Rajtmajer, Szászi, and Tyner) comment on the implications of the SCORE program and the opportunity to reimagine assessment of research credibility.

Five members of the Center for Open Science provided a brief review of the reproducibility, robustness, and replicability terminology that underlies the meaning and interpretation of the findings from the SCORE program.

Key takeaways across all eight papers

Together, these eight papers offer the following conclusions:

These findings replicate and extend prior systematic replication efforts in fields such as cancer biology and psychology with about half of attempts successfully replicating original findings across a diverse sample of research from the quantitative social and behavioral sciences.

These findings also replicate and extend prior reproduction and robustness attempts in a variety of fields. A quarter to a third of attempts failed to show the same or similar results when either trying to repeat the same analysis as the original paper (reproducibility), and came to different conclusions when conducting reasonable alternative analyses for the same question (robustness).

These findings replicate and extend prior evidence that humans can forecast replication success with reasonable accuracy, and provide weaker evidence than prior studies that machines can provide similarly accurate forecasts.

No particular field in the social and behavioral sciences demonstrated consistently higher repeatability than other fields across the three approaches. However, for reproducibility specifically, there were substantial differences in data availability that were associated with higher reproducibility rates in Economics and Political Science compared with other fields.

Reform efforts in the social and behavioral sciences over the last 10 years might result in higher repeatability compared with the findings from SCORE which were based on papers published from 2009 to 2018. For example, as highlighted by Miske and colleagues, journal policies across the social and behavioral sciences have strengthened since that time to require sharing data and code and even including reproducibility checks as part of the publication process.

Repeatability and credibility assessments are highly diverse. There is no singular assessment of the credibility of a research findings, highlighting the complex process of knowledge production.

Implications, open questions, and future work

"The main message of SCORE is a simple one: research is hard. And, in some ways, the hard work begins after making a discovery. A tremendous amount of effort is needed to verify and have enough confidence in new discoveries to build foundations for further discovery," said Tim Errington, Senior Director of Research at COS and one of the SCORE project leaders.

The results reveal that there is no single indicator of the repeatability of evidence, or research credibility more generally. There is substantial opportunity for innovation in development of indicators to assess credibility to diversify the understanding of how trustworthy findings are established.

As another SCORE project leader, Fiona Fidler, Professor at the University of Melbourne, shared, "There are a lot of open questions about the factors that foster credibility and repeatability of research findings. Like many productive research efforts, SCORE generated insights, and has prompted even more questions about how to evaluate research in practice."

In addition to its primary scientific findings, SCORE has generated openly accessible datasets, algorithms, and replication and reanalysis materials. These outputs will support further research on scientific credibility, potentially including development and validation of indicators to improve credibility assessment and accelerate discovery.

"With contributions from almost 900 researchers, the SCORE program provides an enormous amount of evidence to explore and inspire hypotheses for the next round of research. The data and materials are shared publicly so that others might build on this work," said Sarah Rajtmajer, a SCORE project leader and Associate Professor at Pennsylvania State University.

Publication details

Nature (2026).

Visit the website for an overview of the SCORE program, links to the papers, press releases for each paper, and other context to understand the project, findings, and implications.

Provided by Center for Open Science

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Can you trust a finding? A new project maps which studies replicate

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Findings from the Systematizing Confidence in Open Research and Evidence (SCORE) program-a collaborative effort involving 865 researchers-have been published in Nature as a collection of three papers alongside a release of five additional preprints. The SCORE program offers new empirical evidence on the reproducibility, robustness, and replicability of research across the social and behavioral sciences, and the predictability of replicability.

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Canada's highly skilled immigrants are leaving the fastest: report 

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Canada's highly skilled immigrants are leaving the fastest: report 

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During my scavenging of Canadian media journals, I found an article reporting on a new report from the Institute for Canadian Citizenship by CTV News. The article took the title of Canada’s highly skilled immigrants are leaving the fastest: report (2025, Trinh). The study’s mandate was to quantify the immigration rates depending on education levels to evaluate Canada’s success at growing a more skilled workforce. The media’s representation of the study, on the other hand, highlights the failures in which Canada’s new immigration policies and regulations have and will affect economic and workforce goals. Particularly, they use the studies statistics to identify our difficulty at retaining skilled workers in Canada, even after having received Permanent Residency.

The research is very strictly one with a quantitative goal, as its aim is to calculate the appropriate statistics that accurately portray Canada’s current skilled immigration retention rates. Moreover, the study covers all criteria of a quantitative study in that it aims to be objective and relies on numerical data. As for the methods used, the article does not refer to them specifically, but the Institute for Canadian Citizenship’s report did mention using data from Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Immigration Database concurrently with tax filling activity calculated through Statistic Canada’s T1 Family File. The use of this data identifies their method as secondary data analysis, meaning they interpret in a new perspective previously accumulated data.

Here is the link to the referred study: https://forcitizenship.ca/blog/our-research/

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This study is about how sleep effects teenager's brain function and cognitive performance. Researchers studied more than 3,000 adolescents and found that teens who went to bed earlier and slept longer performed better on tests involving reading, vocabulary, memory and problem solving. The study also found that those teens had larger brain volumes and healthier brain function.

The researchers used a quantitive research methodology. They collected data using brain scans, cognitive tests, Fitbit sleep tracking and health measurements from participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. They then compared the results between groups of teenagers with difference sleep habits. This article showed a quantitive study because the researchers worked with numerical data and measurements. They analyzed statistics such as sleep duration, test scores, heart rates and brain imaging results instead of personal interviews and opinions.

Frishta Yari

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Teenagers who go to bed early and sleep longer have sharper brains, study finds

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Researchers surprised at impact that even small differences in sleep make to adolescents’ cognitive abilities

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1) The study was conducted to determine if and how the body prioritizes survival under stress. More specifically in ultra endurance athletes such as multi day race athletes and transatlantic rowers.

2) The research methodology used by the researchers would be the qualitative methodology known as ethnography. This is due to them observing these athletes as they compete in what is a normal activity to them and observing them as they participate in these activities.

3) While some aspects of the research can be quantitative such as measures of the body changing like in decrease levels of tissue regeneration, the study is overall qualitative as it's overall goal is to determine the bodies reaction in high intensity/stressful environments.

https://www.lboro.ac.uk/news-events/news/2026/may/endurance-athletes-reveal-human-survival/

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Ultra-endurance athletes reveal how the human body prioritises survival under stress

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A new study observing ultra-endurance athletes during competition has uncovered rare insights into how the body reallocates energy across essential biological functions whilst under extreme physical stress.

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1• What the study was about?

The study was done to inquire about racial discrimination and racial profiling around black people and the Toronto Police Service.  The study was conducted to see, if black people in Toronto were disproportionately stopped, searched, charged and part of a use of force by the police.  Although, black people in Toronto make up 8.8% of the population; The Ontario Human Rights Commission analyzed 244 cases from 2013 to 2017 and 61.5 per % of police use-of-force cases resulting in civilian death were black.

2. What research methodology was used by the researchers?

The researcher used different types of methods. The first method was observational research because they analyze outcomes from real world policing. The second method analytical data from police reports, SIU investigations and court records. Thirdly, the researcher used consultations with the group that is the subject of the report.

3. Whether it is a qualitative or a quantitative and why?

The study was a mixture of quantitative and qualitative studies(mixed methods of research). The study used quantitative data from use of force reports, police shootings, arrest and charge data. The qualitative data used was public submissions, written testimonies and expert witnesses.

https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ohrc-interim-profiling-report-1.4939242

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Major Meta-Analysis Links Social Media to Worse Youth Mental Health

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Major Meta-Analysis Links Social Media to Worse Youth Mental Health

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The news story I found is called “Major Meta-Analysis Links Social Media to Worse Youth Mental Health,” published by JAMA Network. The article discusses a large research study about how digital media and social media affect children’s and teenagers’ mental health.

The study examined more than 150 longitudinal studies involving over 363,000 participants worldwide between the ages of 2 and 19. Researchers looked at different types of digital media use, including social media, video games, texting, and internet use, and compared them to developmental outcomes such as anxiety, depression, academic performance, self-esteem, and behavior. The findings showed that social media use was consistently linked to worse mental health outcomes, especially higher levels of depression and anxiety among adolescents.

The research methodology used was a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. A meta-analysis means researchers combined and analyzed the results of many previous studies to identify overall patterns and trends. The studies were longitudinal because they followed the same participants over a period of time rather than only studying them at one moment.

This is mainly a quantitative study because it focused on measurable numerical data and statistical analysis. The researchers analyzed data from hundreds of thousands of participants and measured variables such as rates of depression, anxiety, behavioral problems, and social media use. Since the study relies on statistics and numerical evidence rather than interviews or personal experiences, it is considered quantitative research.

Evelyn P.

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From pediatrician offices to courtrooms, concern about children and screens has reached a new decibel. But in homes and schools across the globe, digital media use isn't a fringe risk but an apparent inevitability-one that's so embedded into nearly every aspect of a child's daily life that it makes it less a question of whether kids use screens than how.

A major meta-analysis of existing evidence published in JAMA Pediatrics offers some of the most comprehensive evidence to date on how this reality is affecting young people. By synthesizing data from more than 150 longitudinal studies, researchers found that digital media use is consistently linked with modest yet measurable declines in children's mental health and development-outcomes that were most pronounced for social media.

Although the findings don't go so far as to indicate causation, their persistence underscores a need to shift away from perfunctory calls for simple screen-time limits toward a more nuanced, collective understanding of the ways different types of digital engagement shape young lives.

The current understanding of this issue has, for the most part, relied on cross-sectional studies, which study author Samantha Teague, PhD, a senior research fellow in the department of psychology at James Cook University in Australia, considers a "snapshot in time" with critical limitations.

Jason Nagata, MD, MSc, who was not involved in the study but investigates digital media's effects on children, acknowledged this gap in research.

"It's very hard to discern chicken or the egg-what is the direction of the association?" said Nagata, an associate professor of pediatrics at the University of California, San Francisco. "In the instance of depression, is it that social media is leading to depression or are kids who are already depressed just using social media more? Cross-sectional studies, the majority of the previous literature, can't answer that question."

Instead, Teague's team focused exclusively on longitudinal studies, which-rather than comparing different people at one moment-track the same individuals over a period of time.

According to Nagata, this allowed the researchers to "better tease apart the time ordering" of digital media exposure and subsequent changes in mental health outcomes.

They screened nearly 19 000 scientific articles before selecting 153 that met their criteria. They intentionally only included observational research published after January 2000 considering their goal of "capturing more current types of media."

All told, Teague said, their systematic review encompassed more than 363 000 participants worldwide, with most studies conducted in Europe and North America and some covering Asia, Australia, and Latin America. Sample sizes ranged from 26 to about 55 000 children, and the participants-about an even split of boys and girls-were between 2 and 19 years of age. Durations varied from a single day to 22 years, with an average follow-up of 2.5 years.

The researchers categorized exposures to various types of digital media, including social media, video games, fitness apps, online learning, email and text-messaging platforms, and general internet use. They then tracked results along 26 developmental outcomes, which they grouped into social-emotional, cognitive, and physical subdomains.

"We found that children were at a broader risk for difficulties with their social and emotional development," Teague said. "And we saw higher rates of depression and anxiety across the board."

Overall, the associations were small to moderate. They reflected modest shifts in risk at the individual level, which is not unusual in longitudinal studies covering sizable groups. The authors wrote that small effects "can accumulate over time and at scale, contributing to meaningful shifts" at the population level.

The key, said Kate Blocker, PhD, director of research and programs at nonprofit organization Children and Screens, is that they were observed consistently.

"Through the wealth of evidence they analyzed, that effect, regardless of its size, appeared repeatedly across studies, populations, and timeframes," she said. "Some people might argue that social or digital media only accounts for 3% or 5% of these impacts, but in practice, shifting the mental health score of 50 million teens by just 3% means hundreds of thousands of additional children are likely to cross the threshold into clinical depression or anxiety."

Importantly, Teague said she was surprised to see that effect sizes were comparable with those of other modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and nutrition.

The magnitude of the relationship between digital media use and poor mental health, she said, "was about the same as what we see for unhealthy diets, sleep disruption, and sedentary habits that lead to obesity." She added: "That gives an indication of how big an issue this is in kids' lives."

When Teague's team dug into specific types of media and the differences between them, "the 2 biggest groups with notable evidence were video gaming and social media."

Interestingly, video game use, while associated with greater levels of aggression and externalizing behaviors, was linked to better attention and executive functioning. Social media use, though, stood out most of all.

"It was associated with worse outcomes across every single domain we observed," Teague said of the data, which showed that higher social media engagement was linked to behavioral problems, self-injury, lower self-perception and academic achievement, and higher rates of substance use. "It's concerning, the scale of what we found."

Yunyu Xiao, PhD, an assistant professor of population health sciences at Weill Cornell Medical College, considered the findings a "meaningful step" even if they can't go so far as to show causality or comprehensively account for baseline confounding factors such as "preexisting vulnerabilities like prior mental health status or family environments."

A randomized clinical trial, Nagata said, would serve as the "gold standard" in establishing cause, but the pervasiveness of social media and practical challenges of restricting access make such research difficult to pursue.

Still, Xiao pointed to additional moderation analyses that found that certain variables influenced the results. For instance, studies conducted after 2012, when smartphones were widespread and device-driven platforms became more immersive, showed more intense negative correlations. Similarly, age made a difference.

"Social media and depression links were stronger in early adolescence, in the 12- to 15-year-olds, than in elementary-aged children," she noted of the period often referred to as a sensitive window. "During this period, the brain is undergoing rapid socioemotional development. The reward systems that social media exploits are particularly active at this stage, so they're more susceptible to some of its effects."

Although Nagata said that screen time is commonly used to assess outcomes and is "still a useful metric," he added that there's "an increasing realization that not all time is created equal."

Context matters, particularly when content includes algorithmic amplification, feed personalization, and infinite scroll capabilities, now commonplace among social media platforms.

"If you're spending an hour watching an educational video, that's not going to necessarily have the same effects as doom-scrolling on TikTok and changing the content you're seeing every 2 seconds for an hour straight," he said.

In fact, the most powerful relationship in Teague's meta-analysis was social media's link to more problematic internet use, or media addiction, later.

"That pattern differed from what we saw with video games," said Xiao, who researches addictive screen use trajectories. "The reason we cannot group all screen time together is because it would obscure these important differences."

Nagata added that more compulsive social media use, while a newer area of study, shares diagnostic traits with substance use disorders.

"I see a lot of parallels to core addictive symptoms like cravings and withdrawal," he said. "Those are aspects we're starting to see with social media use among even young adolescents."

For years, Nagata said, managing this problem has been the responsibility of individual families. After the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) moved away from strict 2-hour-per-day screen time limits in 2016, the organization adopted a more "personalized approach." For his own patients, Nagata now recommends certain types of parental moderation-including active mediation and co-use, which have been shown to positively influence health outcomes over time-and suggests tools like the AAP's "5 Cs" mnemonic device, which include focusing on quality content and developing calming strategies, to help foster healthy habits at home.

On a broader scale, social media bans for minors have been gaining momentum globally: in late 2025, Australia implemented its ban, which prevents those younger than 16 years from accessing major social media services, including TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, Snapchat, and Facebook. France now requires parental consent for users younger than 15 years, and Australia, Denmark, and Greece are planning to follow suit. In the US, a few states have passed similar laws.

Although still in their infancy, Teague remarked that restrictions in Australia "haven't been super effective," with minors finding workarounds to access the technology. Plus, just as heavy use can be detrimental, research shows that blanket solutions that unilaterally prohibit social media use have their own adverse effects on well-being. However, Teague acknowledged that most of these observational studies involve a subset of children in a population having their use restricted vs all children undergoing the same limits, which may yield milder results.

Although "bell-to-bell" phone bans at schools-a policy that is enforced in 114 education systems in more than half of countries worldwide -may offer more promise than abstinence-only approaches, experts maintain that responsibility rests on the tech companies that have built the very digital environments children inhabit.

In March, jurors of landmark lawsuits found Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram, and Google, which owns YouTube, liable for intentionally creating addictive platforms that cause mental health harms.

"For years, the focus has been on individual behaviors, like digital literacy education for youth and parental monitoring, and public policy restrictions, but the outcomes of these recent lawsuits are shifting that focus toward product liability," Blocker, of Children and Screens, said. "Those verdicts tell us they also have an obligation to come to the table and help improve the landscape."

Although some platforms have rolled out safety features to protect children, Blocker emphasized that most of those reinforce parental involvement and require them to enroll in supervision tools or sign up for alerts, which "may not be effective in different family structures." Not only that, she said many of those features simply "aren't working as promised," with teens still encountering, for example, sexually explicit material that should not be possible.

Blocker proposed more impactful design changes around social feedback. "The removal of likes, streaks, reshares-those publicly visible metrics of how well an individual is performing-would help in terms of self-esteem in adolescents," she said. Teague suggested limiting notifications that bring users back to the platforms.

Xiao encourages tech companies to collaborate directly with social media researchers and allow them greater access to feature development.

"That would significantly enlarge the size of the samples that we are working on and help us to realistically generate more interventions at the same time and immediately test them out," she said.

Blocker isn't confident, though. "The business model of these platforms is not aligned to user well-being," she said. "In a perfect world, that would incentivize them to redesign them in a way that did not revolve around engagement maximization as a means to make money, but I don't know how realistic that is."

In the absence of meaningful changes from the platforms themselves, clinicians are increasingly tasked as the first line of defense in addressing potential mental health outcomes.

"Screen use should be part of routine assessment, the same way they ask about sleep and physical activities and diet, especially for adolescents," Xiao said. "And not just asking how much, but what and how they use it."

As an initial approach, Nagata recommends treating it as an open-ended conversation. "Even though we know there are risks associated with drug use, if you start your encounter by saying drugs are bad for you, your patients aren't going to open up about their substance use," he said. "It's the same thing with social media. We already know more than 90% of teens are using it, so saying it leads to depression isn't going to be a helpful start."

Although no official social media addiction diagnosis exists, if symptoms of problematic use are severe enough to require treatment, he advises consulting best practices in addiction medicine for clinical interventions.

For her part, Teague is eager to conduct more granular research, particularly into now ubiquitous short-form video content and specific platforms. "One of the most common questions I get asked is, 'Is TikTok better than Snapchat?' or 'What's better than YouTube?'" she said.

She's also hoping to better understand the discrepancy in the positive social media experiences she often hears about and the lack of supporting evidence within her analysis.

"We didn't find many studies that looked at positive outcomes," she said, citing creative expression, community building, or political activism. "We might have a clearer picture of how to redesign these digital spaces if we knew what they should look like instead."

For now, Nagata advises a nuanced perspective. "The most effective interventions going forward are going to be done in either the design of the technologies or in legislation," but those require careful evaluation that won't yield immediate outcomes, he said. "So in the meantime, clinicians should still be giving advice and parents should still do their best to protect their children from harm."

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Social Media Linked to Poorer Youth Mental Health

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This Medical News article discusses a study linking digital media-particularly social media-use to consistent risks for children's mental health and development.

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The Guardian: “Arts and cultural engagement ‘linked to slower pace of biological ageing”

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The Guardian: “Arts and cultural engagement ‘linked to slower pace of biological ageing”

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This was research conducted by University College London. The researchers examined whether “taking part in arts and cultural activities” (like singing, painting, going to museums or galleries) is associated with a “slower pace of biological ageing”. They looked at whether people who regularly engage in these activities show biological traits that suggest they are “younger” and have better health outcomes than their chronological age.

The methodology used was an observational, longitudinal survey research method combined with laboratory analysis. They analyzed blood tests and survey data from 3,556 adults in the UK Household.

This research was a quantitative study. They used numerical data from blood tests and frequency measures of arts participation and applied statistical analysis to estimate how people aged if they regularly engage in arts/cultural activities.

Link: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2026/may/12/arts-cultural-engagement-linked-slower-pace-biological-ageing-ucl-research

Chioma E.

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The University of Sydney conducted a study to see if biological age could be reversed through diet.

The methodology used by researchers was experimental design as they gathered a sample group of 104 participants who ranged from 65 - 75 years old, non-smoking, and ‘healthy’ within set parameters, then divided them into four groups. The dependent variable was their 20 biomarkers and the independent variable was the food they were consuming, each group was given dietary requirements for four weeks, at the beginning and end of the trial their biomarkers were measured and analyzed to determine if there is a correlation between diet and age. Researchers found that the participants that ate specifically a Omnivore High Carbohydrate diet saw the greatest reduction in their biological age.

This study was quantitative based on the numerical measurement of biomarkers, statistical analysis, and comparison of results between groups.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/05/260511213144.htm

University of Sydney. (2026, May 12). Scientists reversed biological age in older adults with a 4-week diet change. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 12, 2026 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/05/260511213144.htm

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Scientists reversed biological age in older adults with a 4-week diet change

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A four-week diet change was enough to make some older adults appear biologically younger in a new University of Sydney study. Participants who reduced fat intake or shifted toward more plant-based protein showed improvements in key health biomarkers tied to aging. The strongest results came from a lower-fat, higher-carb diet, while people eating closer to their usual diets saw almost no change.

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1. What the study was about:
The study examined how social media use affects teenagers’ sleep patterns. Researchers studied 1,872 teenagers between the ages of 13 and 15 and found that teens who used social media for three or more hours a day were more likely to fall asleep late, wake up during the night, and struggle waking up for school.

2. What research methodology was used:
The researchers used a survey research method. Teenagers were asked questions about their sleep habits and how much time they spent using social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp. The researchers then compared the answers to identify patterns and relationships between social media use and sleep quality.

3. Whether it is qualitative or quantitative and why:
This is a quantitative study because the researchers collected numerical data from a large group of participants. They measured things such as hours spent on social media, sleep times, and percentages of teens experiencing sleep problems, then analyzed the results statistically.

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What is the study about?

The research examines gender differences in academic achievement and school engagement. Researchers wanted to understand why boys are more likely to struggle academically, disengage from school, drop out at higher rates, receive ADHD diagnoses, and attend university at lower rates than girls.

What was the research methodology that was used?

A: The methodology used in these studies was primarily based on statistical analysis of educational data, standardized test results, graduation and dropout rates, health and diagnostic records, and longitudinal observations of student outcomes over time. They proceeded to compare outcomes between boys and girls across different educational stages.

Is it qualitative or quantitative? Why?

This is mainly a quantitative study because it relies on measurable numerical data and analyzes statistical comparisons. While it uses numbers, percentages, and measurable trends to identify patterns and relationships, it also includes interviews and opinions from parents and educators which are qualitative elements, however the main research evidence discussed is quantitative. Examples from the article include dropout percentages (27.1% for boys vs. 19.9% for girls), French proficiency test scores, ADHD diagnosis rates (10.8% for boys, 5.9% for girls), university attendance percentages, and mental health survey statistics.

Link: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/boys-falling-behind-in-school-9.7195214

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Having a cup of fruit and a coffee can reduce risk of cells ageing unhealthily

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Having a cup of fruit and a coffee can reduce risk of cells ageing unhealthily

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This study was discussed in the Guardian on Monday, May 11 2026. This study suggests that eating a cup of fruit, as well as having a cup of coffee a day, can help to reduce the risk of cells ageing unhealthily. This could help prevent the risk of developing life-altering conditions as people reach senior age. This study was done in Spain, in which researchers studied the telomeres (DNA at the end of a cell) of more than 1,700 people in both 2008 and 2015. The study found that those who consumed more fruit had a 52% reduced risk of developing illnesses as they age. Consumption of coffee (up to one cup a day) showed a 26% reduced risk. The study analyzed the length of telomeres, as longer telomeres signify healthier cells, whereas those with shorter ones are at a higher risk of developing illnesses such as type 2 diabetes as well as certain cancers. This study is a quantitative study due to the larger scale of people who were studied. The study did not aim to analyze a specific group of people, but how humans as a whole population may benefit from additional fruit and coffee in their diet. - Madeleine Fargo

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Consuming fruit and a cup of coffee a day can halve risk of unhealthy cell ageing, study suggests

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Eating diet rich in polyphenols can lower likelihood of shorter DNA endings linked to age-related diseases

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Ozempic delivers major weight loss in adults over 65, study finds

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Ozempic delivers major weight loss in adults over 65, study finds

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What the study was about:

This study looked at whether semaglutide (ozempic) helps adults over 65 with obesity lose weight safely. Researchers found that people taking the drug lost about 15% of their body weight on average, much more than though taking a placebo, and they also had better heart and metabolic health.

What research methodology was used by the researcher(s):

The methodology that was used by the researchers is randomized controlled trial analysis, specifically a secondary analysis of data from multiple placebo controlled clinical trials which was the STEP trials.

Whether it is a qualitative or quantitative study and why:

This would be considered to be a quantitative study because the researchers controlled and analyzed numerical data, such as body weight loss percentages.

Link:

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/05/260510234654.htm

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Ozempic delivers major weight loss in adults over 65, study finds

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A major new analysis suggests semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) works remarkably well in adults over 65, helping many lose substantial amounts of weight while improving heart and metabolic health. Participants taking the drug lost over 15% of their body weight on average — far more than those receiving placebo treatment. Many also moved out of obesity categories entirely and reached healthier weight levels.

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1) This study is about how changes in university students diets can impact their physical and mental health. It examines the change in dietary patterns such as calorie,fvat and fibre intake within students and how it influences their health.

2) The research methodology used was a combination of surveys and observational findings using observation and statistics.

3) This article uses a quantitive study approach as it draws from numerical data and proven statistics throughout the article in attempt to example its thesis.

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-94439-7

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Impact of dietary habit changes on college students physical health insights from a comprehensive study - Scientific Reports

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Scientific Reports - Impact of dietary habit changes on college students physical health insights from a comprehensive study

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1. This study tested muscle gain and loss, and what made exercise so important. A group of young men was instructed to do muscle exercises with one leg free while the other was immobilized. The results showed that inactivity caused substantial muscle loss in the opposite leg, five times the rate of muscle gained.

2. This was an experimental study.

3. The study was quantitative. It focused on raw numbers, variables, and results, rather than interpretive data.

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Brace yourself for these results: Novel experiment isolates genes that cause some people to gain muscle while others don’t

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Researchers studying the mystery of why some weightlifters’ muscles grow much more quickly than others’ have found new answers through a novel experiment in which subjects worked out one leg and immobilized the other. [...]Read More…

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1) whats the study about

The article talks about the effects of smart phone use on children under the age of 13. Researchers found that kids who used smartphones before age 13 were most likely to experience mental health problems such as lower self worth, emotional difficulties, sleep distribution, anxiety and suicidal thought. The study also stated that the early use of phones exposed children to cyberbullying and unhealthy social media experiences.

2) what research methodology was used by the researcher

The researchers used a survey research methodology. They collected self-reported data from nearly 2 million people across 163 countries and analyzed the relationship between the age of children first receiving smartphones and later mental health outcomes. The researchers compared patterns in responses to identify trends and possible connections between early smart phone use and emotional well being.

3) whether it is a qualitative or a quantitative study and why

This is a quantitative study because the researchers collected numerical data from the very large sample size and used statistical analysis to examine relationships between variables. The study focused on measurable outcomes, such as age of smartphone access and levels of mental health symptoms, rather than personal interviews or detailed experiences.

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Smartphones could be putting your kids at risk | CNN

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A new study on smartphone use and its effect on adolescents’ health may be one more reason parents should hold off on getting their kids the devices.

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2024 Animal Testing Data Reveals Alarming Growth & Suffering

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2024 Animal Testing Data Reveals Alarming Growth & Suffering

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Animal Abuse rates are rising, and most cases still go unknown. The study highlights that Fish are the most at risk of abuse, as cases have increased drastically. Animal testing data is amongst the most common types of animal abuse, using over 3.7 million animals in Canada alone to test products, which is an 18.3% jump since 2023. This analysis takes secondary info from the Canadian Council on Animal Care, where quantitative statistics were used and came from longitudinal studies, examinations, content analysis, and even simple observations of the animals that would come into shelters, clinics, through reports, etc. This was used because it was numbered stats for each animal and needed to be exact for the surveys and cases that were recorded.

link:

https://animaljustice.ca/blog/2024-animal-testing-data-reveals-alarming-growth-suffering

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According to newly released animal testing data, over 3.7 million animals were used in Canada in 2024, an alarming 18.5 percent increase from 2023. The experiments were also more painful, with a higher number of animals involved in procedures classified as causing severe pain or distress. This rise in animal use highlights Canada's slow and troubling lack of progress toward more modern, non-animal research methods.

This data follows widespread public outrage after Animal Justice exposed that St. Joseph's Hospital in London, Ontario, subjected dogs to three-hour induced heart attacks-a shocking example of outdated and cruel experiments still conducted behind closed doors. Public outcry forced the secret dog lab to close, and Ontario has now promised to ban cat and dog experiments. But for animals used in labs, help can't come quickly enough.

The data comes from the annual animal testing data report from the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC), which provides insights into animal-based science in CCAC‑certified institutions across Canada.

Shockingly, the federal government doesn't regulate or oversee the use of animals in research and testing. Instead, Canada relies on the CCAC-a non-profit organization with no legal authority, which is dominated by animal experimenters-to develop guidelines for the use of animals in scientific research.

While CCAC reporting gives an idea of the scale of animal testing in Canada, it doesn't capture the full picture. Participation in the CCAC is voluntary, and private labs have no obligation to report their data, meaning the true number of animals who suffer for research is likely much higher.

The CCAC's national animal use data shows that despite advances in technology and growing public concern for animal welfare, millions of animals in Canada continue to be experimented on in labs.

The data shows over 3,706,907 animals were used in research, testing, and teaching across Canada in 2024. The vast majority were fishes and mice, which together made up more than 75 percent of all animals used. Birds, cows, rats, amphibians, and pigs accounted for a smaller percentage of animals used, while dogs, cats, rabbits and nonhuman primates accounted for less than one percent of the total.
Research involving dogs declined but cat use increased, and both species continued to be subject to painful and invasive experiments. At Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, researchers kept eight dogs with naturally occurring hemophilia A in a lab for over a decade to test liver-directed gene therapy. They analyzed bleed rates, major surgeries, and repeated tests, and ultimately killed all the dogs at the study's end.

Type of animal

Number of animals

Fishes

1,713,418

Mice

1,202,233

Cattle

369,769

Rats

110,134

Birds

102,932

Amphibians

76,117

Other animals

33,703

Reptiles

27,891

Pigs

23,770

Other rodents

12,754

Dogs

9,252

Guinea pigs

8,205

Nonhuman primates

7,826

Cats

4,911

Rabbits

3,992

Total 3,706,90

Experiments Cause Intense Suffering

The CCAC classifies animal experiments by how painful they are to animals, ranging from Category B, involving minimal discomfort, to Category E, causing intense pain or distress.

The five CCAC Categories of Invasiveness include:

A - involving no living animals

B - little or no discomfort

C - minor stress or short-term pain

D - moderate to severe distress or pain

E - severe pain or distress without relief

The 2024 animal testing data reveals a concerning trend: the number of animals used in Category D and E experiments has increased. That means more animals are enduring the highest levels of pain and distress.

The heart attack research exposed this year at St. Joseph's Hospital in London is a disturbing example of Category D experimentation, involving severe distress and pain. In one recent Category E experiment at the University of British Columbia, researchers forced eleven dogs, rats, and mini pigs to undergo invasive heart procedures while the animals were fully conscious. They then killed the animals to examine their tissues.

A System Still Dependent on Animal Experimentation

The CCAC claims it aims to reduce the number of animals used in research and to refine experiments to lessen pain and distress. Yet the latest animal testing data show both metrics are worsening. Researchers are using more animals and causing more suffering in the most invasive experiments.

This disturbing trend exposes how Canada's voluntary oversight system is failing animals. Without mandatory laws, rigorous review of experiments, and independent enforcement, laboratories and institutions can continue harmful experiments with little accountability.

After years of work by Animal Justice and other groups, Canada has released a long-awaited national plan to phase out toxicity testing on animals. This important step was required as part of a new law passed in 2023 to help move Canada away from animal-based toxicity testing, in favour of superior animal-free methods. The same year, Canada also passed an important law banning testing cosmetics on animals.

While the national plan is a good step, Canada has still fallen far behind other countries. In 2024, Canada's first and only national science centre devoted to replacing animal testing methods was forced to close due to lack of federal funding. It's time for Canada to devote the resources required to end animal experiments, and replace tests with cruelty-free methods.

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2024 Animal Testing Data Reveals Alarming Growth & Suffering

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According to newly-released animal testing data, over 3.7 million animals were used in Canada in 2024, an alarming 18.5 percent increase from 2023.

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Teachers in Small Schools - Work-Life Imbalance

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Teachers in Small Schools - Work-Life Imbalance

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What is the study about?

This study shows how teachers from small schools work, on average, more hours than the standards and find a hard time balancing their work vs home life. The study also found that teachers were doing more non-teaching duties, which is important to note as small schools heavily rely on more teaching time as they have less resources. As a solution, the study stated that the People's Party proposed three core principles. The principles were decreasing non-teaching duties to help increase teaching time, help advance teacher's skillset, and providing more opportunities for career advancement.

What research methodology?

This study stated how they used surveys as their research method. For example, through surveys they found that 47.7% of teachers felt that excessive workloads impeded teaching quality.

Qualitative or Quantitative?

This study is a quantitative because it uses numerical data from the surveys and is a positivist method that does its best to be objective with no biases.

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1)      What is the study about? The study investigated the increase in obesity with women and young adults in Canada during the pandemic.

2)      What research methodology was used? The research methodology used was a survey.

3)      Qualitative or quantitative and why? This is quantitative research because it relied on a survey which is Positivist method.

Link:

About 1/3 of Canadians are obese, and researchers saw a steeper increase during the pandemic | CBC News

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About 1/3 of Canadians are obese, and researchers saw a steeper increase during the pandemic | CBC News

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About one-third of Canadians are now obese - with more weight gain happening during the pandemic, according to a new study.

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The Study: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/apr/22/teenagers-bed-early-sleep-longer-sharper-brains-study

Overview of the Study: This study looked at how sleep affects teenagers’ brain development and thinking skills. To compare results, the researchers analyzed over 3,000 adolescents. Research proved that teenagers who go to bed earlier and sleep longer tend to have better cognitive abilities like reading and problem solving, and also have a larger brain volume and better brain function. Overall, the study shows that sleep habits are linked to brain performance in teenagers.

Research Methodology: During this study, researchers used brain scans, cognitive tests and sleep tracking devices (specifically Fitbit) which is scientific, data based research.

Qualitative or Quantitative: This study is a quantitative study because the researchers are basing their findings off of numerical data that came from brain measurements, test scores and sleep duration, and involves a very large sample size of more than 3,000 adolescents. The research study looks at the statistical relationships between sleep and brain function.