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Facebook Whistleblower Frances Haugen: The 60 Minutes Interview

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Facebook Whistleblower Frances Haugen: The 60 Minutes Interview

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Facebook Whistleblower Frances Haugen: The 60 Minutes Interview

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Frances Haugen says in her time with Facebook she saw, "conflicts of interest between what was good for the public and what was good for Facebook." Scott Pelley reports.

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Georgia Wells, Jeff Horwitz and Deepa Seetharaman

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Facebook Knows Instagram Is Toxic for Teen Girls, Company Documents Show

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Its own in-depth research shows a significant teen mental-health issue that Facebook plays down in public. Part 2 in a series offering an unparalleled look inside the social-media giant's failings-and its unwillingness or inability to address them.

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City Guesser - Can you guess what city you're in?

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City Guesser is a game that plops you into a random city and forces you to guess where you are at!

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BAC ANGLAIS - AXE 7 DIVERSITE ET INCLUSION - VOCABULAIRE www.bac-anglais.fr

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"big think" bigthink.com bigthink science philosophy tech "big bang" einstein "albert einstein" "nikola tesla" tesla physics "general relativity" gravity "mi...

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Big Think is the leading source of expert-driven, actionable, educational content -- with thousands of videos, featuring experts ranging from Bill Clinton to Bill Nye, we help you get smarter, faster. Get actionable lessons from the world's greatest thinkers & doers. Our experts are either disrupting or leading their respective fields.

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Courtes vidéos sur l'histoire, la littérature, les sciences, l'art, la mythologie, ... 

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Courtes vidéos sur l'histoire, la littérature, les sciences, l'art, la mythologie, ... 

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history biology literature learning education science humanities school "world history" ap tests smart fun chemistry psychology apush whap study "crash cours...

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At Crash Course, we believe that high-quality educational videos should be available to everyone for free! Subscribe for weekly videos from our current courses! The Crash Course team has produced more than 45 courses on a wide variety of subjects, including organic chemistry, literature, world history, biology, philosophy, theater, ecology, and many more!

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E3C - TEST VOCABULAIRE - DIVERSITE ET INCLUSION - AXE 7 - www.e3c-anglais.fr

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script pour se corriger et vidéos avec voc de base (15 mots) pour chaque axe.

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BAC ANGLAIS  -  LONDON - HOME CHEAP HOME- www.bac-anglais.fr

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BAC ANGLAIS - TEST VOCABULAIRE - IDENTITIES AND EXCHANGES- www.bac-anglais.fr

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Compréhension orale Anglais  -  An undocumented immigrant

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CO ANGLAIS  : ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS FLEE ARIZONA

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Compréhension orale anglais bac : US migrants - www.bac-anglais.fr

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ELLIS ISLAND - COMPREHENSION ORALE ANGLAIS

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Answers in the last column

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ANGLAIS - TEST VOCABULAIRE - TERRITOIRE ET MEMOIRE - www.bac-anglais.fr

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BAC ANGLAIS - FICTIONS ET REALITES - DYSTOPIE

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Grand oral, les conseils des professeurs

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BAC ANGLAIS - TEST VOCABULAIRE - CITOYENNETE ET MONDE VIRTUELS 1

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E3C - TEST VOCABULAIRE - CITOYENNETE ET MONDE VIRTUELS 2

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BAC ANGLAIS - TEST VOCABULAIRE - TERRITOIRE ET MEMOIRE

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Entrainement CO 2

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Manuel, unité 8

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Identity theft on social networks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-X96QDPNmJE&

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The impact of a hashtag: how do protest movements bring about change

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Gary Chambers Jr. didn't expect the Instagram post of his confrontation with a white school board member to go viral.

Chambers, a racial justice activist in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, excoriated the board member for online shopping during a recent debate over the name of Lee Magnet High School, which is named for the Confederate general Robert E. Lee. But Chambers didn't share the video on his Twitter account. Instead, he posted it to Instagram, where he had 26,000 followers at the time.

The video has topped 1.8 million views since he posted it on Juneteenth, and his Instagram videos now regularly get tens of thousands of views.

"What it speaks to is that this video is hitting people in their core, that they are feeling something when they see this," he said. "That speaks to where I think we are as a country."

Chambers now has nearly 200,000 followers on the platform, an increase that he said points to the demand for visual messages on social justice issues after the death of George Floyd.

"The revolution may not be televised," Chambers said. "But they ain't said nothing about social media."

Chambers is one of many activists who have found sudden success on Instagram, a social media platform more often associated with lifestyle influencers than social justice organizers. Over the past month, however, Instagram has become a crucial tool to organize and educate people around police reform and anti-racism, all while Facebook, its parent company, faces a loss of advertisers and mounting criticism for hosting hate speech.

Activists who spoke with NBC News said Instagram provides an important dynamic: a young audience that is receptive to social justice issues on a flexible medium for sharing content. Some use it to educate viewers on policy and candidates, while others broadcast protesting experiences and strategize about where the movement goes next - sometimes literally, as they provide live updates on protests and marches.

"People talk about Malcolm X and Dr. King all the time - they would use the hell out of these platforms if they had them," Chambers said. "They would maximize them to the fullest, because a big part of their work was to expose the world to what was happening."

The shift highlights the importance of visuals in recent social movements, said Paolo Gerbaudo, author of "Tweets and the Streets: Social Media and Contemporary Activism." Visualizing information is crucial to creating a clear and authentic narrative for people to emotionally invest in, he said. It's something Instagram was made for.

"That's precisely the step that is facilitated by things such as memes, jargon, slogans, pictures," said Gerbaudo, director of the Centre for Digital Culture at King's College, London. "It's a war of symbols that is, by all means, as important as the war on the ground."

Etienne Maurice, a filmmaker in Los Angeles, wants to make sure people can "hear and see" how Black people feel.

Maurice uses Instagram to post videos and host town halls. Viewed by thousands, his posts are driven by his belief that people must protest both in the streets and on social media so those in positions of power are forced to contend with Black experiences and trauma.

"Some people may not understand where we come from," he said. "And the only way that people will understand is if we're able to articulate these feelings and be able to get someone to empathize with those feelings."

That's not easy, particularly on social media platforms that are often crowded with all manner of content. While Facebook remains a major platform for organizing events and Twitter drives news cycles, Instagram offers a more personal, culture-focused sensibility. Already during the coronavirus pandemic, the platform has become a popular destination for celebrities to connect with fans and others to lend a helping hand.

Instagram's most visible use in the recent protests came in the form of a single-day blackout that was widely embraced but also panned as slacktivism, the support of a cause on social media without the intention of additional effort. But even as protests have begun to dwindle, organizers have found ways to maintain momentum on the platform.

Livia Rose Johnson - a college student who is a member of Warriors in the Garden, which has led thousands of people in marches across New York City - said that as protests diminish, the group is beginning to lean on digital organizing, with an emphasis on educating viewers on public policy, politics, colorism, race and allyism.

They've been successful, Johnson said, because they've had a major presence in the streets and on Instagram, where they've found that Generation Z kids are suddenly hungry to learn about social inequities.

"This is the best way to educate people," Johnson said of Instagram. "We need to educate people in media, so that the content they see is fun, it's relatable, but it's also educational and teaches people about their rights and teaches Black people about how to prosper."
Full coverage of George Floyd's death and protests around the country
Older organizers are also pivoting to Instagram to explain the movement to young audiences. Marcus Coleman is one of them: He said that when he began his activism in Atlanta nearly 15 years ago, it was relatively difficult to pull a group together. But today, he's adapting his methods for a new generation.

Now he's reveling in the ease of social media, using it to spread his message and event information online. He's also navigating which topics work for each platform, noting that Facebook engagement is higher on subjects like Black fatherhood, while on Instagram there's a younger audience that shows more interest in broader facts about racial injustice.

"Honestly, I know my place at this point in time, and I consider myself and others like me a 'bridge,' those who have the stamp of the living legends, especially here in Atlanta," he said. "It's just being that bridge between the youth and the elders and really trying to strengthen this intergenerational movement that we see now."

Instagram and other social media platforms aren't just being used to spread a message. They're also often platforms for strategy, logistics and fundraising.

Organizers in cities like New York and Los Angeles use centralized Instagram accounts - @justiceforgeorgenyc and @inthistogether_la - to track marches and vigils in real time. Both have garnered hundreds of thousands of followers in mere weeks.

Groups like Warriors in the Garden, Black Lives Matter of Greater New York and Freedom March NYC send plans and updates to volunteers who run the main New York City account, which boasts 221,000 followers since it was started about a month ago. The manager of @justiceforgeorgenyc declined to comment, saying in an email that the group was focused on "the needs and goals of the organizers we're talking to and the movement as a whole."

While digital activism gains national momentum, experts and activists warn against slacktivist measures of joining the cause, like the viral #BlackoutTuesday movement this month, which can mute conversations about strategy and logistics. But even viral trends have proven to lead to upticks in online fundraising efforts.

Instagram has been a boon for fundraising across the board, as activists use it to announce and share campaigns to raise money via services like Venmo and Cash App. Movers and Shakers NYC raised $10,000 to buy 12,000 KN95 masks for Black Lives Matter protesters this month, while Freedom March NYC raised over $55,000 to buy supplies and train organizers and to further establish itself as a social justice organization.

New groups and individual organizers regularly promote their own mobile payment accounts in their Instagram bios, posts and stories.

It appears to be paying off. One group that began its attempt to occupy City Hall in New York City on Tuesday, the same day it started its Instagram account, raised more than $15,000 via small donations within 24 hours almost solely through Instagram promotion and the help of @justiceforgeorgenyc.

"I feel like [@justiceforgeorgenyc] and Warriors in the Garden are trying to do a similar thing, where it's developing the Black community," said Johnson, who has been among the occupiers. "Our goal is to create a digital community that can help create a prosperous physical one."

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The revolution will be posted: How Instagram became a destination for the protest movement

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Gary Chambers Jr. didn't expect the Instagram post of his confrontation with a white school board member to go viral. Chambers, a racial justice activist in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, excoriated the board member for online shopping during a recent debate over the name of Lee Magnet High School, which is named for the Confederate general Robert E.

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1) "Black Lives Matter" movement spreads throughout the world.

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1) "Black Lives Matter" movement spreads throughout the world.

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Black Lives Matter
Click on the document below to go to the page and to listen to it. Choose an accent and a listening speed.

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Black Lives Matter protests have spread around the world after the death two weeks ago of George Floyd, an unarmed and handcuffed black man. Protestors in many cities around the world marched in the streets. They held signs with the words, "Black Lives Matter" and other slogans written on them. Many people wore T-shirts with the words "I can't breathe," "No justice, no peace," and "Silence is violence". In Ottawa, Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau joined an anti-racism demonstration. He took the knee alongside thousands of other people who silently got down on one knee. Similar protests have taken place in Australia, Mexico, South Korea, Poland, Norway and many other countries in support of equality.

Protestors told journalists why they joined the Black Lives Matter marches. A primary school teacher in London said: "I have come down in support of black people who have been ill-treated for many, many, many, many, years. It is time for change." An IT specialist said: "We are all human beings. There should be fairness for all of us." She added that Black Lives Matter doesn't mean anyone else's life doesn't. A 21-year-old Londoner stressed the need for dialogue. He said: "There are a lot of uncomfortable conversations that people have been avoiding...but, they're conversations that need to be had if...we want to finally create a kind of society where black bodies are treated equally."

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Black Lives Matter protests take place worldwide

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English News Lessons: Free 27-Page lesson plan / 2-page mini-lesson - Black Lives Matter - Handouts, online activity, mp3... current events.

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Do exercises :"Listening" (choose your speed), Dictation and Spelling from the Breaking News English page above.

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Do exercises :"Listening" (choose your speed), Dictation and Spelling from the Breaking News English page above.

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Here is some vocabulary to help you.
to take the knee : to put one knee on the ground (= mettre un genou à terre).
This is a support gesture (= un geste de soutien) to Black people that was first taken by US professional football player Colin Kaepernick who protested against police violence in 2016 (Colin is on the right of the picture below).

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George Floyd: Thousands at anti-racism protests in UK - BBC News

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George Floyd: Thousands at anti-racism protests in UK - BBC News, June 7th 2020

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George Floyd: Thousands at anti-racism protests in UK - BBC News, June 7th 2020

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1) Look at the title, the source and the date.
- Say where it takes place.
- Say who  filmed/posted this. Imagine who the targeted audience is (= le public visé)?
- Say who George Floyd was. Imagine what this report  will be about.
2) Focus on the images. Describe what you can see.
3) Focus on the young ladies' speeches. Write down the key words. Try to quote (= citer) some of their words. Can you guess their point of views?
4) Explain what, according to you (= selon vous), is the link between street protests in the UK and the "Black Lives Matter" movement in the USA?

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3) A symbolic statue is taken down in Bristol, UK

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3) A symbolic statue is taken down in Bristol, UK

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envoyez votre travail pour correction

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Read this article from CNN's website concerning the fall of the statue of a XVIIIth century slave trader (= someone who has sold people into slavery) from the city of Bristol, in the UK.

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international relations and national security

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UK protesters topple statue of slave trader Edward Colston in Bristol | CNN

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Anti-racism protesters in England have pulled down a statue of a 17th-century slave trader while demonstrating in solidarity with the US Black Lives Matter movement.

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Johathan Labillois, Mi'kmaw, a fait don de son oeuvre ''still dancing'' au Refuge pour femmes autochtones de Montreal pour sensibiliser le public canadien aux 1,200 femmes autochtones disparues et assassinées entre 1980 et 2012.

L'Association des femmes autochtones du Canada croit plutôt que ce nombre s'élève à 4000.

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to topple : renverser
a harbour : un port

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Chandana Hiran loves reading, arts and crafts, and recycling. At 22, she's enrolled in college, studying to be an accountant. She considers herself a feminist.

But something else is a big part of her identity too.

"I'm slightly dark," Hiran tells NPR in a phone interview from her family's Mumbai home, her bold voice suddenly going soft. "I'd be called one of the dark-skinned people in our country."

In India, colorism is rampant. Darker-skinned Indians, especially women, face discrimination at work, at school - even in love. Some arranged marriage websites let families filter out prospective brides by skin tone.

So it may be no wonder that about half of all skin care products in India, according to the World Health Organization, are lighteners designed to "brighten" or "lift" - essentially to whiten - a user's skin color. WHO estimates that such products amount to about a $500 million industry in India alone. Until recently, some of them even came with shade cards - like paint swatches - so that users could track the lightening of their skin.

Some products claim to "lighten" the skin using multivitamins such as vitamin B3, and many users have said they're happy with the results. Other products may contain mercury or bleach, which WHO cautions can damage skin cells. Other skin-lightening treatments, including intravenous and pill formulas, have been linked to liver and kidney damage.

The most popular brand of skin lightener is Fair & Lovely, made by the consumer goods giant Unilever. Generations of Indians have grown up with grocery store shelves lined with Fair & Lovely creams and face washes. They've been sold in India since 1975 with a marketing campaign of TV commercials and billboards that equate pale, fair skin with beauty and success.

Those are stereotypes that many find deeply unfair. And as the Black Lives Matter movement spreads across the world, it has prompted a reckoning about skin color in India and a brazen revolt against one of its most popular cosmetics.
Feeling insecure
Being slightly browner than the average Indian, by her own assessment, has left Hiran feeling insecure all her life.

"Even the smallest of things, like not wanting to wear brighter colors or just random people coming to you and saying, 'Oh, maybe you should apply something on your face,' " Hiran recalls. "There is not a single Bollywood actress who could represent my skin tone."

Instead, Bollywood actresses star in TV commercials for skin-lightening creams.

The Indian beauty queen-turned-actress Priyanka Chopra - who starred in the U.S. TV hit Quantico - is one of the most famous. In 2008, she appeared in a series of promotional videos for a product called White Beauty. She played a forlorn-looking single woman who, in the first episode, watched a slightly lighter-skinned woman strut past with a handsome man on her arm. In later episodes, after she used the skin-lightening cream, the man fell in love with her instead.

Another ad for Fair & Lovely suggests using it before going to a job interview.

Praise for white skin is a theme in popular music too. In a 2015 hit song called " Chittiyaan Kalaiyaan" - which means "pale wrists" in the Hindi language - the male singer croons about how a woman's pale skin makes him swoon.

"Oh my darling, angel baby, white kalaiyaan drives me crazy!" the refrain goes.

When Hiran was a teenager, listening to such songs, she started using Fair & Lovely. She didn't even have to buy it; her mother always had some in the family medicine cabinet.
The impact of Black Lives Matter
So that was the backdrop in India this spring, when George Floyd was killed in the U.S. and calls for racial justice echoed around the world.

"Can Indians support Black Lives Matter when we ourselves have so many prejudices?" asks activist Kavitha Emmanuel, founder of a women's charity in southern India called Women of Worth.

In 2009, Emmanuel started a campaign called Dark Is Beautiful to combat colorism in India. Over the years, while counseling girls, she says she realized how deeply hurt Indian women have been by media messages about skin color.

"In our counseling sessions, this would keep surfacing. [They would keep] saying, 'I am dark,' " she told NPR by phone from her home in Chennai. "It is not just about self-esteem in terms of their looks, but it also affects their overall performance in life."

A study confirms that the scenes in TV commercials for skin-lightening creams may sadly be accurate. A 2015 report by professors at Southern Illinois University and the Rochester Institute of Technology found that in India:

"A woman's dark skin can preclude her from entering positions such as news anchor, sales associate, flight attendant and even receptionist because these jobs require exposure to and interaction with the public, who will judge her as unattractive, unworthy and incompetent. Fair-skinned women, conversely, are seen in most of these roles; their skin tone grants them unearned privilege and power within organizations as a result."

Emmanuel says many Indians now expressing support for Black Lives Matter in the U.S. are blind to colorism, caste discrimination and violence against religious minorities at home. Many of the same celebrities tweeting about racial justice in the U.S. have actually starred in ads for skin-lightening creams.

There is so much work to be done and it needs to starts at an individual level on a global scale. We all have a responsibility to educate ourselves and end this hate. End this race war here in the US, and around the world. Wherever you live, whatever your circumstances, NO ONE deserves to die, especially at the hands of another because of their skin color. ⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣ On May 25th, George Floyd was pinned down by the neck by a Minneapolis police officer and died. He laid there, fighting for his life, struggling to breathe, and other officers just stood there and watched. The officer has now been charged with murder.⁣ ⁣⁣⁣ George, I am praying for your family. ❤️ ⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣ Text "FLOYD" to 55156 and sign the petition. ⁣⁣⁣ #JusticeForGeorgeFloyd

A post shared by Priyanka Chopra Jonas (@priyankachopra) on

Bollywood backlash
Among the first Indian celebrities to express public sympathy after Floyd's killing in the U.S. was the film star Chopra, who posted a lengthy message on Instagram in May with some of Floyd's last words: "please, i can't breathe."

https://www.instagram.com/p/CAx5P_njP-S/

"There is so much work to be done and it needs to starts at an individual level on a global scale," she wrote. "We all have a responsibility to educate ourselves and end this hate."

Her comments drew a backlash online. When Chopra's husband, American singer/songwriter Nick Jonas, tweeted that he and his wife "Pri" have "heavy hearts" over "systemic racism, bigotry and exclusion," one user replied: "Was pri's 'heart heavy' before or after she promoted skin lightening creams?"

Was pri's "heart heavy" before or after she promoted skin lightening creams? Was it "heavy" when she watched Muslims get lynched in her own country & said nothing? What about the time when you invited a fascist to your wedding? It seems like her heart is doing just fine.
- Amsi| "Cry" Out Now!💧 (@thisisamsi) June 3, 2020

Chopra has not replied to the tweets. But in a 2017 interview with Vogue India, she said she regretted appearing in ads for skin-lightening products. "I used it [when I was very young]. Then when I was an actor, around my early twenties, I did a commercial for a skin-lightening cream. I was playing that girl with insecurities. And when I saw it, I was like, 'Oh s**t. What did I do?' " Chopra was quoted as saying.

She told Vogue that she now sympathizes with girls who feel insecure about their skin tone and has turned down offers to star in any more such ads.

Human rights activists in India have also accused Chopra and other Indian celebrities of hypocrisy for expressing sympathy for Floyd and outrage over his killing but not condemning similar violence against minorities, particularly Muslims, in India. In recent years, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist government, attacks on India's minority Muslims have skyrocketed. Dozens have been lynched in the streets with little public outcry.
Colonialism and caste
Emmanuel and others trace India's color discrimination back to the colonial period when mostly white Britons ruled over darker-skinned Indians. But its roots may go back even further than that - to Hinduism's ancient caste system, roughly based on a hierarchy of professions people are born into.

Historians of ancient India say discrimination based explicitly on skin color has never been part of the Hindu caste system. But it may have evolved over time. For centuries, members of the less privileged, lower castes traditionally did manual labor outdoors under the sun.

"The British colonizers were able to build on India's existing caste system. So the upper-caste people who were powerful had fairer skin. And the lower-caste people, when they would work outside, those castes started having darker skin [from prolonged sun exposure]," explains Neha Dixit, an Indian journalist who has studied the history of colorism and written about her own experience as a slightly darker-skinned woman. (The euphemism her relatives used for her skin color is "wheatish" - the color of wheat.)

"We have actually internalized all those prejudices," she says. "So anybody with fairer skin is supposed to be better off than a dark-skinned person."

Those stereotypes have been reinforced in India for millennia. But modern ideas of racial equality - and the Black Lives Matter movement - are slowly making a dent. A landmark case against caste discrimination is currently under litigation in California, where Indian American tech workers are accused of discriminating against a colleague because he's a member of a lower caste.
New name, same cream
A few years ago, when she was in her late teens, Hiran, the accounting student, stopped using Fair & Lovely cream. Unilever says its products do not contain potentially harmful bleach or mercury. But Hiran's decision had more to do with a maturing sense of self rather than any health concerns, she says.

"I started to realize, OK, maybe the problem is not with me. Maybe I'm not supposed to look any other way," she says. "And I'm not supposed to feel insecure about my own skin."

This year, Hiran started an online petition to get the name of the product changed. It's one of several such petitions that have flooded the Internet in the wake of the Black Lives Matter movement.

A Texas woman of South Asian descent, Hetal Lakhani, also started an online petition against Shaadi.com, one of the most popular matrimonial websites, demanding that it remove a function that allows users to search for potential partners on the basis of their skin color. Last month, the website obliged, issuing a statement saying that it "does not discriminate" and that the skin color filter was a "product debris left-over in one of our advanced search pages."

Then, in late June, Fair & Lovely's manufacturer, Unilever, made an announcement: It's removing any references to "fair/fairness," "white/whitening" and "light/lightening" from all of its packaging.

"We are fully committed to having a global portfolio of skin care brands that is inclusive and cares for all skin tones, celebrating greater diversity of beauty," Sunny Jain, president of the company's beauty and personal care division, was quoted as saying. "We recognize that the use of the words 'fair,' 'white' and 'light' suggest a singular ideal of beauty that we don't think is right."

But even though the packaging now says only that the product moisturizes and gives a pink glow, these terms are understood to be euphemisms for lightening your skin.

This month, Unilever's Indian branch announced a new name: Glow & Lovely. Its men's product line will also be rebranded, as Glow & Handsome. The company says the name changes will happen in the coming months.

The cosmetics brand L'Oréal says it's making a similar change.

But some activists say that's not enough - that it's not the names that needed to be scrapped but the products themselves. Another big company, Johnson & Johnson, says it's discontinuing two of its skin-lightening products altogether.
Souvenir tube
Hiran calls the Fair & Lovely name change "a step in the right direction."

"It's not a small thing that Fair & Lovely has done. Because this brand has thrived all these years on the insecurities of women. This is really changing the narrative," she says. "But it's only the first step toward being more inclusive and diverse. No matter what you call it, it's still going to be offensive."

Even though she hadn't used the product in years, Hiran says she recently found an old tube of Fair & Lovely in her medicine cabinet. She says she'll probably hold on to it.

"Now it's going to become a souvenir," she laughs.

So the Fair & Lovely label will soon be history. But the question remains as to how long these skin-lightening products - whatever they're called - will remain in India, along with the attitudes behind them.
NPR producer Sushmita Pathak contributed to this report.

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Black Lives Matter Gets Indians Talking About Skin Lightening And Colorism

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Chandana Hiran loves reading, arts and crafts, and recycling. At 22, she's enrolled in college, studying to be an accountant. She considers herself a feminist. But something else is a big part of her identity too. "I'm slightly dark," Hiran tells NPR in a phone interview from her family's Mumbai home, her bold voice suddenly going soft.

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ANGLAIS - TEST VOCABULAIRE - INNOVATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ET RESPONSABILITE N°1

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Read the article above, then answer the following questions :

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Read the article above, then answer the following questions :

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1) Say where Bristol is and what is the link between Bristol and XVIIIth century slave trade.
2) Explain in your own words who Edward Colston was and why he was given a statue in a public place.
3) Try to explain why he is a controversial figure.
4) Sum up where his statue will go. Do you agree with its final destination?

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Vocabulaire:
a milestone = a significant moment
strapped in = "attachés"
a space shuttle = "une navette spatiale"

Question d'expression:
If private companies start fighting for the space market, there is a good chance space tourism will become a thing in the years to come. Would you be interested in a space visit?

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SAN FRANCISCO by Isabelle Beaubreuil on Genially

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Discover more about SAN FRANCISCO ✌️ - Presentation

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E3C - TEST VOCABULAIRE  - INNOVATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ET RESPONSABILITE N°2

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here's a lookout stationed at the end of Colston Street and a load of people, some dressed in hi-vis vests, are gathering at a nearby restaurant. Then, in the dawn light, a statue concealed in plastic wrapping can be seen approaching on a hiab truck. It turns the corner and reverses towards the plinth where the statue of Edward Colston once stood. There's a sense of mischief in the air on this bright clear morning in Bristol - and revolution.

The team spring into action and, minutes later, a new statue has been placed on the spot where Colston's stood and swiftly unwrapped. It's of a young black woman, her fist raised in a black power salute. "There's a new woman in power!" a cyclist shouts as he turns the bend. On Twitter, responses start coming in fast. Dr Lola Solebo writes: "Am waking my girls up early so I can show them this. What a thing of beauty. What a thing to wake up to."

Another woman is standing by the plinth. "I feel full of pride, so, so full of pride," she says, looking up at the sculpture. It's of her.

Rewind a few weeks and this same woman is knocking at the door of an artist's studio, dressed in a face mask. She's hurried in and asked to stand on a podium, with her legs slightly apart and her fist in the air. She's re-enacting the black power salute she made on the plinth of Edward Colston's statue on 7 June, just after protesters pulled the slave-trader's likeness down. A hi-tech, 3D scanning machine whirrs into life, its 201 cameras capturing her defiant pose, and every thread of her clothes, which are the same ones she wore on that tumultuous Sunday.

The woman's name is Jen Reid and this scene was taking place in the studio of artist Marc Quinn. And now today, Reid stands once again on that plinth, but rendered in black resin - Quinn's own guerrilla-style response to the much debated question of what should replace the statue, which ended up in the waters of Bristol harbour.

A triumphant call for action ... Jen Reid standing on the Colston plinth in Bristol, just after the statue was toppled. Photograph: @bricks_magazine/instagram

It's an extraordinarily powerful sight, the early morning light reflecting on the smooth, ebony surface of the statue, which has just been placed on the plinth. The sense of triumph in the air finds a perfect echo in Reid's pose. That fist, balled up and thrown into the air, exerting energy into the heavens and casting the psychological pressure of systemic racism into the ether, calling for action and for others to stand with her, with us. From the coils of her afro to the wrinkles in her skin as she clenches her fist, the emotion is potent and palpable.

It all began with a post on Instagram by @biggiesnug, showing Reid on the plinth with the caption: "My wife. My life. She matters." The post was soon liked by @marcquinnart, Quinn's Instagram account and, after a lot of organising, this powerful moment was recreated in his studio: first 3D-printed in sections, then cast in resin, before being meticulously put together by Quinn's team of craftsmen. "Posing for the sculpture," says Reid, "brought back all the memories of getting on the plinth. The feelings and emotions. I felt powerful."

The toppling of Colston's statue gave the Black Lives Matter movement a moment of symbolism that will reverberate for years. As George Floyd's last words - "I can't breathe" - ricocheted around the world, Bristol protesters took to the streets with a newfound energy. Two protesters leapt up with a length of rope, others pulled and soon Colston, who had glared down at the city since 1895, was gone. Reid's stand instantly felt as if it should be part of our visual lexicon, a vital piece of the history lesson about slavery long overdue in Britain. Quinn agrees.

'I feel full of pride' ... Jen Reid poses in front of her black resin and steel statue. Photograph: Ben Birchall/PA

"Racism," the artist says, "is a huge problem, a virus that needs to be addressed. I hope this sculpture will continue that dialogue, keep it in the forefront of people's minds, be an energy conductor. The image created by Jen that day - when she stood on the plinth with all the hope of the future of the world flowing through her - made the possibility of greater change feel more real than it has before."

Quinn, who has called his work A Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020, continues: "When I saw the picture of Jen on Instagram, I immediately thought it would be great to immortalise that moment. The image is a silhouette: she looked like a sculpture already. I've been making portraits of refugees using 3D scanning over the last year and applied the same technology to this."

The Instagram image shows Reid's outline against the grey Bristol sky, with cardboard signs scattered around the plinth, which has been covered in graffiti. One sign reads: "He who accepts evil without protesting against it is co-operating with it." Perhaps this message touched Quinn? As a celebrated white male artist, he could be criticised for inserting himself into the debate. He recalls a quote from Desmond Tutu: "If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor." The artist adds: "White people in positions of power need to speak up and support change in the way black people are treated, their positions in society. I have been listening and learning and one of the phrases that really struck me was, 'White silence is violence.'"

'This reaches everyone' ... Quinn's fourth plinth statue Alison Lapper Pregnant in 2004. Photograph: Dan Regan/Getty Images

Quinn is no newcomer to plinths. In 2004, he became the first artist to be commissioned for the fourth plinth in London's Trafalgar Square, placing Alison Lapper Pregnant on the vacant site, a statue of the artist who was born without arms and with shortened legs. "The sculpture contributed to moving the narrative around disability forward in the UK," Quinn says. "The great thing about the public realm is that it is very democratic and accessible. Museums can be very elite spaces. This reaches everyone."

On the subject of whether white artists should write these stories, Reid says: "I wanted to do this with Marc Quinn as he's always cared about pushing inclusion to the forefront and making people think. It's not about black or white. If people want to stand by me, that's great."

The statue of Colston was created by a white man, John Cassidy, to commemorate a white slave-trader. Now the plinth is occupied by the work of a white artist who feels duty bound to correct the situation, to amplify voices that have been silenced for so long. It's reminiscent of US film-maker Bree Newsome 's athletic act of protest. In 2015, Newsome scaled a flagpole to remove the Confederate flag hanging in the South Carolina state house grounds. She told the Washington Post: "We needed somebody who could help me over the fence. Be a lookout. We decided it should be a white man ... because we wanted to communicate it's not just the role of the people who are oppressed, but it's also on the people who have benefited from oppression who have to be part of the process."

'White people in positions of power need to speak up' ... Marc Quinn. Photograph: Marc Quinn studio

Many have described finding the Colston statue an affront to the black citizens of Bristol. "Having to see that statue daily does something to you," says Reid. "Knowing what Colston represented, I felt compelled to take a stand and raise my fist in empowerment for the slaves who died at his hands. It was like an electrical surge of power was running through me as I took the plinth in memory of George Floyd, and for every black person killed by police for being black, and those who face injustice daily based on the colour of their skin."

She pauses and adds: "To those who are listening, keep talking, keep righting wrongs when you see them. Keep educating those that want to listen. Unlike Black History Month, I hope this statue addresses blackness every day."

The question of removing the Colston statue was not a new one. Petitions had been signed, meetings had been held. The artist Hew Locke, in his 2006 series Restoration, introduced his own response. In a photographic work called Colston, Locke covered the statue in trinkets, beads and cowrie shells, which were used as currency to trade slaves.

In terms of getting Quinn's sculpture on to the plinth, the project took on a Mission Impossible feel. NDAs were signed, late-night rendezvous arranged. Quinn has not received permission to put the sculpture up, but he is also not breaking any laws. His team transported the artwork from the workshop on a truck with a built-in crane to lift it up on to the plinth. The bottom of the sculpture is designed to sit securely without drilling, gluing or damage to the plinth. In many ways, proceeding without permission makes this a special sort of art anarchism, entering the realm of activism.

How will people react? How will the police react? Quinn says a big motivation for the project is to spark debate, keep the attention on this vital issue, and see how everyone reacts. "I guess that includes the authorities, too," he says.

The philosopher Jürgen Habermas wrote about how institutions and nations suffer an erosion of legitimacy over time if they do not robustly interrogate themselves. Perhaps statues should be part of this interrogation. Monuments, after all, are symbols of the systems we live in. Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020 is like a modern Statue of Liberty. Indeed, Lady Liberty was originally designed to celebrate freed slaves.

In the US, statues continue to fall. This replacement by Quinn and Reid should hopefully catalyse a call for action, for a new world, for a new sculptural legacy. Today, as Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020 stands on its plinth, the Colston statue sits on a concrete floor in a wooden container locked up by the council, covered in scratches from where it was dragged across the asphalt, hands and face spray-painted red for blood. That's karma for you.

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'Hope flows through her': artist Marc Quinn on replacing Colston with a Black Lives Matter statue

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The sculptor has placed a statue of a woman doing a black power salute on the vacant plinth in Bristol. Our writer, who was at the dawn unveiling, tells the full story of its creation - and speaks to Jen Reid, the protester whose gesture inspired him

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Welcome to

Isabelle Beaubreuil (ac. Limoges)

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G = LOLA (RESTAURANT)

H = GAMEWORKS

M = SEATTLE ART MUSEUM

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R = CLUB CONTOUR

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V = KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK

W = THE WING LUKE MUSEUM OF THE ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

Y = NORTHWEST MUSEUM OF LEGENDS AND LORE

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SEATTLE - USA TOUR by Isabelle Beaubreuil on Genially

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Welcome to Isabelle Beaubreuil (ac. Limoges) A Where are you ? B Where are you ? C Where are you ? D Where are you ? E Where are you ? F Where are you ?

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BAC ANGLAIS - SUJET CO + EE : FACIAL RECOGNITION - www.bac-anglais.fr

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Black Lives Matter sculpture of Jen Reid removed from Colston plinth

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The sculpture of protester has been taken to a museum for artist Marc Quinn to collect, says Bristol city council

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Cambridge University moves all lectures online until summer 2021.*

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Cambridge University moves all lectures online until summer 2021.*

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Question d'expression:
Tell about your experience of remote learning: what have been the good and bad points of studying from home?

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BOSTON - USA TOUR by Isabelle Beaubreuil on Genially

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Discover more about BOSTON - USA TOUR ✌️ - Presentation

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Exam English - Free Practice for IELTS,the TOEFL® and TOEIC® tests and the Cambridge English exams

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Free top-quality practice for all the important international English language exams. All test questions are written by experienced teachers and examiners. No registration required.

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Anirudh Sharma: Could we capture air pollution to make the world more beautiful?

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Is it possible to see something new, even potentially positive, in something as dangerous as air pollution? Learn how innovator Anirudh Sharma and his team have created a new use for the tiny, harmful particles in air pollution -- capturing it from our car exhaust pipes, diverting it from our lungs and turning it into something artful in the process.

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EE article about issue for legislation

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The death of George Floyd in police custody has sparked six days of protests in the US, many of which have turned violent and led to further accusations of excessive use of force by officers.

"I'm tired of being afraid," one protester said. These are some of the other reasons demonstrators across the country said they'd taken to the streets to protest.

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The death of George Floyd in police custody has sparked six days of protests in the US, many of which have turned violent and led to further accusations of excessive use of force by officers. "I'm tired of being afraid," one protester said.

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Vocabulaire:
a guideline = an instruction
capacity = (ici) "la jauge, le nombre de personnes prévues"
backwards = (ici) "contre-productif"
sanitizer = lotion to keep your hands clean
cognizant = aware

Question d'expression:
What's the place you have been missing going to the most since the beginning of the pandemic?

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LAS VEGAS by Isabelle Beaubreuil on Genially

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Discover more about LAS VEGAS ✌️ - Presentation

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Lire ce que vous devez renseigner sur une évaluation de CO

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Have + pp : j'ai travaillé donc je suis prêt. I have worked so I am ready. C'est le présent qui m'importe.
Had +pp : j'avais assez travaillé donc j'ai réussi. :-) I had worked enough so it worked out well.

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How Can We Make The Perfect City? ft. Real Engineering

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The US president called racial equality demonstrations "a merciless campaign to wipe out our history, defame our heroes, erase our values, and indoctrinate our children".

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US President Donald Trump has railed against the "cancel culture" of those who toppled monuments during recent anti-racism protests, in a speech to mark 4 July at Mount Rushmore.

He condemned those who targeted statues as "angry mobs" trying to deface "our most sacred memorials".

Mr Trump accused protesters of "a merciless campaign to wipe out our history, defame our heroes, erase our values, and indoctrinate our children".

"We will not be silenced," he said.

The president, who has been heavily criticised for his handling of the US coronavirus pandemic, made little reference to the disease that has now claimed almost 130,000 American lives.

The US recorded its largest single-day rise in coronavirus infections on Friday, bringing the total to more than 2.5 million - the most of any country.

Masks and social distancing were not mandatory at the Mount Rushmore event, despite warnings by health officials.

The location, too, was controversial. Mount Rushmore features the carved faces of four US presidents, two of whom - George Washington and Thomas Jefferson - were slave-owners. It also stands on land that was taken from the indigenous Lakota Sioux by the US government in the 1800s.

What else did Trump say?

Addressing Mount Rushmore itself, the president said the South Dakota landmark would "stand forever as an eternal tribute to our forefathers and to our freedom".

"This monument will never be desecrated, these heroes will never be defaced," he told a cheering crowd.

The president added that people who target "symbols of national heritage" will face "the fullest extent of the law". He said those who defaced statues could be sentenced to 10 years in jail, referring to a recent executive order he signed on protecting monuments.

A fireworks display set to music was then held at the pre-Independence Day event, watched by about 7,500 ticket-holders.

The fireworks were the first at the site in over a decade, after a ban was imposed over fears they could set off wildfires in the dry brush around the monument.

Welcoming people to the event, South Dakota's Republican Governor Kristi Noem echoed the president's tone, accusing demonstrators of "trying to wipe away the lessons of history".

"This is being done deliberately to discredit America's founding principles," she said.

Friday's gathering was the latest to be held by President Trump during the coronavirus pandemic, as he attempts to fire up his supporters ahead of November's presidential election.

What have Native Americans said about the event?

Native American groups have criticised Mr Trump's visit for posing a health risk, and for celebrating US independence in an area that is sacred to them.

Many Native Americans do not celebrate Independence Day because they associate it with the colonisation of their tribal homelands and the loss of their cultural freedoms.

The Mount Rushmore landmark was carved between 1927 and 1941, but the land it lies on - in the Black Hills of South Dakota - was taken from the Lakota Sioux during the previous century.

"The president is putting our tribal members at risk to stage a photo op at one of our most sacred sites," said Harold Frazier, chairman of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe.

Ahead of the event, a group of mostly Native American protesters blocked a main road to the monument with white vans, leading to a tense stand-off with police.

They were eventually cleared from the road by police officers and National Guard soldiers, who used smoke bombs and pepper spray, local reports say.

The vans were towed away and several protesters were arrested after the police declared the road block an "unlawful assembly", local newspaper the Argus Leader reported.

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Mount Rushmore: Trump denounces 'cancel culture' at 4 July event

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US President Donald Trump has railed against the "cancel culture" of those who toppled monuments during recent anti-racism protests, in a speech to mark 4 July at Mount Rushmore. He condemned those who targeted statues as "angry mobs" trying to deface "our most sacred memorials".

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Would you report people who break the rules?*

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Would you report people who break the rules?*

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Question d'expression:
Would you report people? Have you ever found yourself in the situation when you considered having to do so?

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Visite virtuelle des meilleurs endroits de LA

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Visite virtuelle des meilleurs endroits de LA

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Isabelle Beaubreuil (ac. Limoges)

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CATHEDRAL OF OUR LADY OF THE ANGELS

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MUSEUM OF JURASSIC TECHNOLOGY

GEHRY RESIDENCE

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Los Angeles by Isabelle Beaubreuil on Genially

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Isabelle Beaubreuil (ac. Limoges) PARAMOUNT STUDIOS FORMOSA CAFE S: Where are you? S Back TO MAP K: Where are you? K Back TO MAP N: Where are you? N Back TO MAP P: Where are you? P Back TO MAP L:Where are you? L Back TO MAP I: Where are you?

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have been    -ing : je travaille depuis 1 heure.
Had been -ing : je travaillais depuis 1 h quand j'ai compris.

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Vocabulaire:
collapse = fall down
a burglary = "un cambriolage"
charges = "des poursuites judiciaires"
indicted = "inculpé"

Question d'expression:
Is there an issue that makes you particularly furious and that requires legislation in your opinion?

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Vocabulaire:
the NHS (National Health Service) is the social security system in the UK.
a lapse = "un tour"
stunned = very surprised
a hip = "une hanche"
rest = "le repos"

Question d'expression:
If you were asked to lead a fundraising project, what charity would you support and why?

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A plane trip

Let's take a little trip down under.Tu connais notre destination, alors en avant!

Breakout

START

Don't forget your passport and your plane ticket.Then click on the country we are going to talk about, we have a lot of time the journey is long!

at the airport

hope you didn't take this ...the poor dog would be scared there!

landing

facts

PLACES

people

history

animals

sports

there is only one thing to do: learn about the country. visit the themes, take the quiz, and write down the numbers to get the code for a safe landing.

Watch the video. Try to remember as many details as possible and take the quiz. Don't forget the number at the end of the quiz!

I'M READY!

Places

Darwin is on the ... coast of Australia.

1/5

south

north

east

places

In Darwin the climate is ...

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temperate

arid

tropical

places

Alice Spring is in the ...

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east

center

west

places

Alice Spring is 1500 km south of ...

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darwin

melbourne

sydney

places

Sydney is on the ... coast, and the climate is ...

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southwest - temperate

southeast - arid

southeast - temperate

places

places

"You didn't get it!"

try again

places

BACK TO INDEX

"Great job!"

first number

7

GREAT JOBREMEMBER THE NUMBER YOU SEE ON THE RIGHT

FACTS

I'M READY!

Click on the books. Read the fact sheet and try to remember as many things as possible. Don't forget the number at the end of the quiz!

Australia is in the ....hemisphere.

1/5

southern

northern

western

facts

When it is summer in Australia it is ... in France.

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summer

winter

spring

facts

You go shopping and buy a shirt that costs 10AUD, that equals ...

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16.8€

6€

10€

facts

If you speak English, you will be understood in Australia.

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i don'T WANT TO SPEAK

False

true

facts

Australia is the ... biggest country in the world.

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5th

2nd

6th

facts

TRY AGAIN

facts

BACK TO INDEX

Brillant!

facts

SECOND NUMBER

5

GREAT JOBREMEMBER THE NUMBER YOU SEE ON THE RIGHT

People

Click on the pictures to learn more about the people and a bit of grammar.When ready take the quiz. Don't forget the number at the end of the quiz!

I'm ready!

Australia is the ... populated place on earth.

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most

least

less

People

... of the population live in cities or towns.

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60%

50%

90%

People

... of Australians have a convict ancestor.

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50%

22%

2%

People

... of the population was born in another country.

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25%

10%

40%

People

What is the name of the serpent in the Aboriginal legend?

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hugine

gine

Thugine

People

try again

People

back to index

Super!

third number

9

People

GREAT JOBREMEMBER THE NUMBER YOU SEE ON THE RIGHT

history

i'm ready!

Click on the pictures, read listen, and do the apps. Try to remember as many details as possible and take the quiz. Don't forget the number at the end of the quiz!

source: I Bet You Can, 4ème, éditions Magnard

listen for numbers and their signification

history

1/5 Who "discovered" Australia?

Elizabeth

Matthew Flinders

James cook

History

2/5 How long did it take to go from England to Australia?

52 days

522 days

252 days

history

26 january 1788

26 june 1788

16 january 1787

3/5 When did the "first fleet" settle in Australia?

history

4/5 Who were the first settlers?

Lords

convicts

no one

history

5/5 Did the convicts go back to England?

I don't know

no

yes

try again

history

back to index

Amazing

history

fourth number

2

GREAT JOBREMEMBER THE NUMBER YOU SEE ON THE RIGHT

I'M READY!

animals

Click on the books. Read the fact sheet and try to remember as many things as possible. Don't forget the number at the end of the quiz!

Experts say climate change has worsenedthe scope and impact of natural disasters like fires and floods -- weather conditions are growing more extreme, and for years, the fires have been starting earlier in the season and spreading with greater intensity.

.... species are endemic to Australia.

1/5

88%

50%

25%

animals

There are ... species of kangaroos.

2/5

400

55

755

animals

The Great Barrier Reef is ... long.

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260km

2600km

600km

animals

There are ... reptile species in Australia.

4/5

555

40

755

animals

There are more chances of dying from a ...

5/5

snake bite

shark attack

bee sting

animals

TRY AGAIN

animals

BACK TO INDEX

fifth NUMBER

3

animals

GREAT JOBREMEMBER THE NUMBER YOU SEE ON THE RIGHT

sports

I'M READY!

Click on the books. Read the fact sheet and try to remember as many things as possible. Don't forget the number at the end of the quiz!

watch and listen for the basic rules

The Wallabies is the national team.

Cricket is also a very popular game.Cricket is an outdoor team sport played with a bat and ball. It developed in England. It is also very popular in places that England once ruled as colonies, such as Australia, India, Pakistan, South Africa, and the West Indies.Cricket is a game played with a bat and ball on a large field, known as a ground, between two teams of 11 players each. The object of the game is to score runs when at bat and to put out, or dismiss, the opposing batsmen when in the field.

Surfing is one of the most popular outdoor activities in Australia, but all Australians do not surf. With thelongest coastline of any island in the world, there are classes for beginners,as well as competitions and miles of beach for the most experienced surfers.There are hundreds of excellent surfing spots all around the country.

There are ... players in a cricket team.

1/5

11

7

15

sports

What is the name of the national rugby team?

2/5

springbok

wallabies

all blacks

sports

What is the name of the non-contact rugby?

3/5

rugby 7s

touch 7s

rugby xvs

sports

What do they call footy?

4/5

rugby

soccer

aussie rules football

sports

There are ... in a team ofAussie rules football

5/5

7

15

18

sports

Oh, no!

TRY AGAIN

sports

BACK TO INDEX

great job

sixth NUMBER

1

sports

GREAT JOBREMEMBER THE NUMBER YOU SEE ON THE RIGHT

ready?

It has been a long flight, you have fastened your seatbelt and you are ready to get out, but you still need to type the code to unfastened your seatbelt!

i'm ready!

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You have finally landed safely in Canberra.Send a note to your teacher saying that you are in the ... of Australia.

certains documents sont issu de: E for English, 4ème (Didier) I Bet You Can, 4ème (Magnard) Mary Glasgow Magazines

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AUSTRALIA presentation by leclere on Genially

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A plane trip Let's take a little trip down under.Tu connais notre destination, alors en avant! Breakout START Don't forget your passport and your plane ticket.Then click on the country we are going to talk about, we have a lot of time the journey is long!

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Newsday - Jogging in the US after the shooting of Ahmaud Arbery - BBC Sounds

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Catch up on your favourite BBC radio show from your favourite DJ right here, whenever you like. Listen without limits with BBC Sounds.

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Reciprocating generosity after many years.*

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Reciprocating generosity after many years.*

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Vocabulaire:
a bond = a link
goodwill = generosity, charity
pour in = "abonder"
dispossessed = "spolié"

Question d'expression:
To what extent do you think it's important to remember the history of your country/community?

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BAC ANGLAIS EC - SUJET + CORRECTION CO + EE : BRITISH EXPATRIATES- www.bac-anglais.fr

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SYDNEY by Isabelle Beaubreuil on Genially

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Discover more about SYDNEY ✌️ - Presentation

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Vocabulaire:
Ebola is the name of a virus that spread a few years ago in Africa.
give a leg up = "donner de l'avance"
a dummy = "un mannequin"
frontline = "première ligne"
brace yourself = get ready

Question d'expression:
What is the craziest and/or most useful thing that you think should be invented soon?

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Compréhension orale anglais bac - Brexit : a sense of disconnect

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Where do the names of countries come from

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Where do the names of countries come from

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There are beautiful stories and meanings behind every country's name. Well, there should be! Etymology is an interesting subject of its own, add in some geography to it and you will be amazed to find out how astonishing and weird the meanings of some countries' names are.-- While you may know the meaning of your country's name, other countries' names remain a mystery to all of us. To unravel the mystery, Credit Card Compare created an insightful map in which they visualized the literal translations and meanings of every country's name. Let's break that down by continents. And hey, if the images are too small, just zoom in a little or open them in a new tab, they are in high resolution.

Africa

Europe

North America

South America

Asia

Oceania

To view the full map in one very big image click [ here].

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Categories Tags Posted on Etymology, Translation country name, etymology, meaning

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Map shows the literal meaning of every country's name.

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There are beautiful stories and meanings behind every country's name. Well, there should be! Etymology is an interesting subject of its own, add in some geography to it and you will be amazed to find out how astonishing and weird the meanings of some countries' names are.-- While you may know the meaning of your country's name, other countries' names remain a mystery to all of us.

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IDENTITY/ EXCHANGE by ceciloutiare on Genially

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Discover more about IDENTITY/ EXCHANGE ✌️ - Horizontal Post

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Why has the virus hit African Americans so hard?**

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Why has the virus hit African Americans so hard?**

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Vocabulaire:
data = information
deal with = do something about
utterly = completely
a plague = "une fatalité"
an income = a revenue
laid off = "licencié"

Question d'expression:
Have you or anyone you know ever witnessed an act of racism? How did you/they react?