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Governance and coordination will be quite important and indispensable in developing social protection in my country. This is because a proper governance framework is needed to coordinate the implementation of the social protection program. Over the years, social protection programs embarked on by the state have lacked these important ingredients: Governance and Coordination 

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Governance and coordination will be quite important and indispensable in developing social protection in my country. This is because a proper governance framework is needed to coordinate the implementation of the social protection program. Over the years, social protection programs embarked on by the state have lacked these important ingredients: Governance and Coordination 

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 by Creating a comprehensive social protection system designed specifically to reach children, working-age adults and older persons. 

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 by Creating a comprehensive social protection system designed specifically to reach children, working-age adults and older persons. 

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The needs and risks to which individuals are exposed, and the ammount of support needed to ensure adequacy.

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What to consider when designing a social protection system (personal considerations)

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What to consider when designing a social protection system (personal considerations)

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The following considerations could make the designing of a social protection systems more universal and flexible (personal views though);
- The development of a social protection system should be inclusive, transparent and sustainable.
- The conditions and or criteria for registration should be transparent and easy for all categories of persons to subscribe or register.
- The design of policy should make adequate provisions for full coverage for all.
- Universal coverage; targeting rationally all segments of the population
- System should have a right approach to transparency and accountability
- Efforts should be made to enable it be delivered effectively and efficiently and in good standards.
- The system should be simple to interpret by users and applicants and should be easy to implement.

Etali Genesis Akwaji, SUSTAIN Cameroon

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I think that:

- for policy and institutional level: SPs of necessity be enshrined in legislation then financing, governance and coordination thought through succinctly.

- for programme level: apt, well-articulated programmes and process designs that are underpinned by evidences from assessments

- for implementation level: clean, trustworthy data, proper case management and M&E

At all stages: The threads of Inclusion, Information dissemination and management (internal and external) will have to be woven through.

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I think it is important to have a strong information system and inclusive registration methodology. Accountability and communication with communities is critical to make sure it is tailored to people needs and expectation. Next, a sustainable funding should be insured to cover the expenses of the system. Finally, transparency and follow up to present any corruption or exploitation.

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What I think is important to consider and include when designing a social protection system-- Access!  To design multiple ways of gaining access to the system regardless of whether the intended recipients live in urban or rural areas.

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What I think is important to consider and include when designing a social protection system-- Access!  To design multiple ways of gaining access to the system regardless of whether the intended recipients live in urban or rural areas.

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Acce

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I think it is hard to write about all the important elements to consider while designing a social protection system. I can think of so many of them. However, considering my own home country context (Turkey) I believe in designing a social protection system it's particularly important to successfully profile the potential beneficiaries to determine who would most need social protection, especially when the funds are limited. Having said this, I would also like to note that social protection should cover all people, but it may sometimes be difficult due to financial issues in a country's context.

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The state, CSOs and other informal organisations should be more intentional about adapting more practicable policies and legal frameworks. Also, a more stable economy, especially source of financing will help the existing technical capacities for better designing and implementation.

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When designing a social protection system, the starting point is having policies and model for the implementation of social protection strategies.

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I Consider that in order to design a social Protection system it is important to include a policy and legislative strategy, a budget, a set of programmes and the strategies for implementing them, including strengthen human capacity to implement social protection policies. Also as important is a monitoring and evaluation Plan that will assess the overall effectiveness of the SPS

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I believe creating a social protection poor countries like somalia will help using a lifecycle approach and best scheme of social protection is social protection floor to blanket all vulnerable people.
when designing the system should carry out baseline assessment to target the most beneficiaries.

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Eucharia, Nigeria. Farm Radio International. 

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Eucharia, Nigeria. Farm Radio International. 

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I believe a baseline data, vulnerability and needs assessment should form part of the activities to be considered. This will significantly help in supporting monitoring and evaluation of the program.

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Using a life cycle approach i think all risk in my county should first be listed and then prioritize those that are an impediment to sustainable development, second step would be review of existing SP policies to find out the gaps basing on the needs assessment, availability of resources and finance would guide on what should be tackled first.

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Identifying the country needs is the foundation to build the SP system. Considering the history the country went through and the policy available in place, will be the columns that the social protection floor stand on. Coordination with the stakeholder will facilitate the road to reach the goal.

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Ensuring that the process of identifying the current needs in light of the negative effects that Covid has had in the past two years is crucial in designing or reforming existing schemes.

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Proper integration and coordination at the policy level, underpinned by robust governance and sustainable financing; LNOB guarantees at programme level further supported by inclusiveness measures at the implementation level.

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Institutional vulnerability of social protection in Latin America 

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Institutional vulnerability of social protection in Latin America 

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Beyond considering the specific circumstances to design their social protection systems, based on their existing legal framework and institutional capabilities, the fiscal budget availability and an accurate poverty and vulnerability assessment, particularly in developing countries, a cross cultural assessment must be carried on to identify risks of political conditioning due to vulnerability and poverty, which can discourage interest in social improvement, and create sectors of the population with collective acceptance - or resignation - of dependence on public assistance, whose condition of vulnerability makes them subjects of political manipulation, whose consequences in Latin America are an increase in poverty, increase in inequality due to limited social protection options - basic floor - and few development opportunities. - basic floor - and limited development opportunities.

Alejandro Contreras Cerdán – Energy Factor - Mexico

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Even though Botswana has not enshrined Social Protection as a right in its constitution, it has made significant strides to provide for the needs of people across life stages. I think the problems that arise are fragmentation or non-coordination of many of the programme which opens room for double dipping, "missing middle" and lack of sustainability as there is low citizen buy-in and no "assured" budget for many of the social programmes. Therefore, i feel that for a start, there is need to do an overall Assessment/reflection of existing programmes to pick their strengths, weaknesses, whether they are suitable as stand alone or if they can be combined to strengthen others and for some a complete refocus to ensure they yield sustainable results. Following this then the country can have a clear SP strategy for people across lifecycles, which is well coordinated, budgeted for and has a clear sustainability path.

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Making assessments on the level of poverty, risks and vulnerability seems an important first step, as the results of such analysis will inform decision-making through the other phases of the policy process.

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First, a big assessment needs to be processed in order to get to know the characteristics of the population, especially in what concerns their social needs. Then, the governance needs to ensure the right bodies and entities can absorb the capacity on implementing the social protection system and policies that the government will decide and this based on additional legal framework applied. The government will have to develop as well the right mindset among the public and private officers and rules for coordinating the different entities between them and even create mechanisms of control in order to be transparent towards the society and the funding sources. The practical side of the social protection system will need to be clearly documented in multiple channels and disseminated to their relevant stakeholders in order to inform the concerned persons of the criteria of eligibility for the benefits.

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In the case of my country social protection system is historically strong but after 2001 became weak and after 2015 we achive some programas as well as auh (asignación universal por hijo) this program tried to include this woman and children who was out the formal job and was in vulnerable condition.
After 2019 the economical crisis jump our country and this impact I'm the resources for this program.
I think we need improve more this type
Of programes that are part of the social protection system in Argentina.

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A lot more has to been done to scale up and increase social protection mechanisms to the majority population who need it. Children, women and the elderly are in dire need in this regard. Given an opportunity, I would improve social protection aspects amongst these 3 categories of people.

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I will strongly support the advocacy for a stronger response to health, Cholera outbreak and Nutrition for people in areas affected by insurgency in Nigeria and the social protection to consider it long time sustainability and implementation.

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In case of my country, the creation of a national social protection strategic document or policy would provide an integral vision for coordination amongst all ministries and departments. This vision would set the stage for sustainability, financing, implementation mechanisms, etc.

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Ensure their is a solid legal framework to support areas of risk, but also ensuring sustainability with financing, education

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I'd be careful with the planning of the implementing phase. I'd spend lot of energies in evaluating the acceptance levels of the programs and the targeting, whether it's appropriate or not

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Bekederemo Angela. KARIS, Lagos, Nigeria

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Bekederemo Angela. KARIS, Lagos, Nigeria

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Reflection: From what you've learnt so far, what do you think is important to consider and include when designing a social protection system?

When designing a social protection system in Nigeria, it is very important the poverty and vulnerability needs assessment and the risk profiling of the people are taken into special consideration; this is would be viewed from the perspective, if these are universal and the number of the population that are affected by this, going by the existing data.

Then access and explore Nigeria National Social Protection Policy, its aims on social security, what provision does the Nigeria government has in place. Next would be eligibility and criteria for qualification for programme benefits. This would target different stages of lifecycle or different risks, possibly poverty/economically targeted. Then follows benefits and services packages, the different social protection programmes that would respond to needs and risk, ensuring these are all fused into the programme.

Then I would design an intervention, then consider level, frequency, and duration for these interventions, specify those who would be on the scheme temporal and lifetime. For implementation, would be available technical capabilities, source and apply for available funding for project execution, which follow up monitoring and evaluation; ensuring that the project goals and objectives are met and find the shortcomings and maintain standards of project success.

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Anna Phalashol - Primary what I see is, the need to have an accurate data as to the test on how to become a beneficiary. My personal observation in my country that at the start of the implementation there was a survey conducted, but since people are hesitant for some sort of "this is just another political survey" hence only those who participated are included in the list of beneficiary. In fact in every release of the 4Ps funds, some are not reflective of the real beneficiaries like owning some business. This is something to consider on by way of reviewing the policy and implementation. 

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Anna Phalashol - Primary what I see is, the need to have an accurate data as to the test on how to become a beneficiary. My personal observation in my country that at the start of the implementation there was a survey conducted, but since people are hesitant for some sort of "this is just another political survey" hence only those who participated are included in the list of beneficiary. In fact in every release of the 4Ps funds, some are not reflective of the real beneficiaries like owning some business. This is something to consider on by way of reviewing the policy and implementation. 

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Elaborate a complete assessment of existing programmes, its stakeholders and their challenges and oportunities for improvement. Appropriate M&E procedures and a good communication strategy are also very important.

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Creating a comprehensive social protection system designed specifically to reach children, working-age adults and older persons.

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It is important to streamline the responsibilities of the various stakeholders in order to avoid duplication of work and wastage of resources. Also, consider the sustainability and inclusion aspects of the social protection system to ensure that no one is left behind.

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All the key elements (1) policy and institutional arrangements as well as functional and technical capacities, (2) evidence informed programming including benefits/services package, as well as the design of eligibility criteria and transfer value, frequency and, duration and, (3) inclusive implementation along the delivery chain are vital when designing a social protection system.

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With regards to my country, one key consideration at this stage is sustainability of financing the system as the population is aging (especially for contributory frameworks).

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Leonard Satali from Malawi
Strong governance structure and water tight accountability systems are very important to ensure that the social protection efforts adequately contribute to the social security of the people in each life cycle risk stage.

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So far, for my country, I started to think that the social policy was the main important factor that could have saved Lebanon from the current Crisis. The main factors to consider when designing a social protection system is to have like full studies on the risks that might affect the country and to do like a contingency plan of social protection policies that will support the country taking into consideration the community needs, risks, vulnerable groups etc.

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There should be a solid policy and legal framework and a permanent financing source with the needed technical capacities for designing and implementation.

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I believe that in order to design an inclusive social protection system it is fundamental to take into account the current economic and social conditions. For example, as Valérie Schmitt underlined, Covid-19 demonstrated the inefficiency of many social protection programs to workers and the need to reform them.
At the same time, I think that the design phase should also include a strong information campaign to raise awareness and promote people participation.

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As already indicated by other the focus should be towards a solid legal mechanism and a holistic approach to coordinate and cover all the life cycle contingencies.

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To create a Social protection system, it is essential to create a robust legal mechanism alongwith creating a system to educate people about the framework so that the growth is all inclusive.

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As mentioned by others, a focus on vulnerability (assessing - understanding what exist), having a holistic policy and legal framework, having - securing political will and public support are important given that any society is not uniform. Different groups face widely different realities. challenges and risks.

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In the context of my country, recent research by some think-tanks has clearly depicted that providing universal social protection for all (lifecycle approach) is financially feasible. What is lacking is the political will to avail this to everyone instead of just giving out periodic cash transfers or announcing temporary subsidies particularly closer to election time.

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For Nigeria, I think a critical first step is to have a holistic policy and legal framework articulating government's social protection goals. This would include details about the institutional, governance, inter-agency/sectoral coordination, financing and technical requirements.

It is also important to have clarity on the different programs for achieving social protection goals bearing in mind vulnerabilities of different groups (sex disaggregated data would be crucial).

Lastly, the implementation mechanism and M&E process would also ensure there are proper checks and feedbacks to address any shortcomings.

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Creating a social protection system that allows for multiple layers of protection incase of overlapping vulnerabilities

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In the case of Kenya, it is important to consider targeting and selection of the most vulnerable especially in social assistance and cash transfers even though the universal approach has been proven to be better. However, due to limited resources and extreme gaps between the rich and the poor, targeting of beneficiaries would be a best fit for Kenya.

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Dr.Abubakar Said, Ministry of Heath Jigawa State, Nigeria.

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Dr.Abubakar Said, Ministry of Heath Jigawa State, Nigeria.