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Analyzing the heart and its rhythms was for the most part not possible in the 19th century. Looking into the electrical currents of the heart was hard and the scientists that thought they had figured it out, turned out not be be that accurate. This was until Willem Einthoven developed the electrocardiograph also known as a ECG or EKG. This graph would assess five different points of electrical activity in the heart that corresponded with a physiological function within the heart. These points were known as (and still are) as P, Q, R, S, and T.

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Karl Landsteiner came up with his blood classification nomenclature in 1901. Before this, it was sort of a trap shoot with knowing if someone's blood will be able to work if it were to be transfused with someone else's blood. He initially came up with type A, B, and C (later known as O). And then months later a student of his helped discover another blood type, type AB. This obviously leads to the saving lives as well as making the blood identification process much easier. I didn't mention in my audio but the reason I picked this event is because in my immunology and microbiology classes we learned all about this nomenclature, but never got to learn who created it.

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While many medical doctors had done surgeries on the pericardium, which is the sac that surrounds the heart, throughout the 19th century, Axel Cappelen was the first doctor to actually operate on the heart in 1895. This operation was performed in Oslo which is the capital of Norway. The surgery was deemed successful in the moment, but the patient died just three days later. I didn't mention in the video but I chose this event because I have actually thought about (and still am considering) going into the cardiovascular field, which looks at the blood system as well as the heart.

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Mosquito Bite associated with malaria (1897)

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Mosquito Bite Associated with Malaria (1897)

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Mosquito Bite Associated with Malaria (1897)

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The first association between mosquitos and malaria was in 1897. Ronald Ross, a British medical doctor, found that there was a parasite located in the gastrointestinal tract of mosquitos and that it is this parasite that belongs to malaria. He summarized and was correct by saying that malaria was transmitted through mosquitos. His findings would go on to save numerous lives as well as earn him a Nobel Prize just 15 years later in 1902. I didn't mention in the audio but I chose this because of the significance malaria had back then during war as well as even today.

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Mosquito Bite associated with malaria (1897)

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Although he wasn't the first to observe the effects of x-rays, physicist Wilhelm Rontgen was the first to study and name them. Wilhelm, a professor in Germany, was working on other wave-based scientific research when he discovered that certain rays were able to pass through some things. After diligent research, he then found that the new ray could pass through some substances, such as skin, but other substances, such as bones, would leave a shadow. I didn't mention in the audio my reasoning for choice of this event. I chose this event because I actually got the opportunity to shadow a radiologist and when I did, he briefly discussed the background of X-rays. And since then I've always wanted to learn more.