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Trisomy 21, though it is most commonly know as Down Syndrome.

Other names:

47,XX,+21 (female)

47,XY,+21 (male)

Down's syndrome

trisomy G

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There is an extra 21st chromosome.

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When each cell of the individual has an extra copy (three instead of two) of the 21st chromosome.

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A screening test for down syndrome typically consists of a blood test and an ultrasound. The blood test searches for substances in the mother's blood, and the ultrasound observes attributes of the fetus, including if it has fluid in the back of its neck. If the results come back abnormal, diagnostic tests may be run (chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, percutaneous umbilical blood sampling).

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The most notable symptom of Down Syndrome is decreased mental function. The IQ of an individual with Down Syndrome is typically in the mildly to moderately low range, and their mental development is slowed.

Other Possible Health Problems :
Hearing loss
Ear infections
Eye infections
Obstructive sleep apnea
Heart defects

Common Physical Manifestations of the Disease:
A flattened face, especially the bridge of the nose
A short neck
Small hands and feet
Almond shaped eyes that are angled upward
Poor muscle tone
Loose joints
Shorter than average height

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Approximately 1 in 700 babies are born with down syndrome each year. It occurs in all ethnic and economic groups. The babies of women over the age of 35 are at a much higher risk, and the ratio of males with down syndrome to females with down syndrome is slightly higher, at 1.15:1.

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While the cause of the disease has been determined, and the disease has been recognized as incurable, there are still many clinical trials being conducted regarding the condition.
They can be found here:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=%22down+syndrome%22

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Down Syndrome is a life-long condition. It cannot be cured. However, services early in life (such as speech, occupational, and physical therapy) can help a person with Down Syndrome physically and intellectually, and allow them to live their best life.

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There are many support groups dedicated to individuals with Down Syndrome. Here are a few:

Global Down Syndrome Foundation: Aspires to significantly improve the lives of people with Down Syndrome through research, medical care, education, and advocacy.
https://www.globaldownsyndrome.org/

National Association for Down Syndrome: Supports all persons with Down syndrome in achieving their full potential.
https://www.nads.org/

National Down Syndrome Society: the leading human rights organization for all individuals with Down syndrome.
https://www.ndss.org/

Down Syndrome Resource Foundation: empowers individuals with Down syndrome to reach their full potential throughout life by pioneering and providing educational programs and services, disseminating information, and changing attitudes.
https://www.dsrf.org/

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While their mental function may be lower than average, individuals with Down Syndrome are still able to live full, successful lives with help.

The average life expectancy of an individual with down syndrome is 60 years.
About half of people with Down Syndrome will eventually develop Alzheimer's towards the end of their lives.

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"Facts About Down Syndrome" Centers For Disease Control and Prevention. 28 December 2020 https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/downsyndrome.html

"Who Is At Risk For Down Syndrome?" National Institutes of Health. 31 January, 2017 https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Risks

Tom Mundakel, Gratias.

"What are the sexual predilections of Down syndrome?" Medscape. 18 May, 2020

https://www.medscape.com/answers/943216-181107/what-are-the-sexual-predilections-of-down-syndrome#:~:text=Overall%2C%20the%20two%20sexes%20are,neonates%20with%20free%20trisomy%2021.

"Down Syndrome" Medline Plus. 1 June, 2020 https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/down-syndrome/

"Facts and FAQ About Down Syndrome" Global Down Syndrome Foundation. 24 July, 2018 https://www.globaldownsyndrome.org/about-down-syndrome/facts-about-down-syndrome/#:~:text=Today%20the%20average%20lifespan%20of,Down%20syndrome%20was%2025%20years.

"Search Results: Down Syndrome" U.S. National Library Of Medicine. 1 January, 2021 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=%22down+syndrome%22