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Frozen Filled Omlettes with ingredients "Made in Japan" found in [HNStore1]

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Chestnuts soaked in Syrup "Made in Korea" found in [HNStore1]

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Since this store is bigger, has more customers, and is part of a chain branch, I had predicted there to be more nations represented and advertised in the products, and there certainly were more compared to [HNStore2], but there was an overwhelming lack of imports and foreign goods. Rather, there was an advertisement of the opposite, there was a emphasis on locally grown and "produced in Japan" labels. This was surprising to me personally because my experience growing up in America instilled a belief of exotic/foreign= often worth the higher price. This change in perspective made me question why the nation of Japan rejects foreign products this much, and it this is a wider trend in Japan itself.

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Unnamed Road, 3-chōme-7 Tomoi, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-0816, Japan

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A Danish bread found in [HNStore1] with a French flag as a logo and described as "Danish"

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Japan, 〒577-0823 Osaka, Higashiosaka, Kanaoka, 2-chōme−1−８ 近畿大阪銀行弥刀支店

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Much like the reading we read in class before, I wanted to analyze the symbols of nations emphasized in food marketing in different locations and compare them. I chose a more local, small scale shop [HNStore2] and a larger scale grocery store [HNStore1] to take pictures of the objects and compare.

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2-chōme-16-8 Kanaoka, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-0823, Japan

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Store2 is considered a more "local," shopping area targeted toward the elderly and the people who are integrated in the community in this area. Therefore I held an assumption that the items sold here would be more locally produced and branded to be grown in Osaka. However, as we can see in [HN8-9], the emphasis was placed on the prefecture the items were grown in. Although it is not a different nation, the idea of prefectures having specialties in foods is a widely accepted concept in Japan. Therefore, these local shops used the local knowledge that travels through word of mouth to advertise their items. However, something that surprised me is the amount of emphasis on "produced in Japan." If a product did not have a specific prefecture noted, it 9/10 said "Kokusan," meaning made in the country. There were too many examples to include, but most items were labeled that way. This may be to encourage us to consume more locally produced products rather than imports, by implying their superior quality over the less "naturally grown" food from overseas (eg. America, Korea).

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2-chōme-16-3 Kanaoka, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-0823, Japan

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sold in [HNStore2] made in "Hokkaido Prefecture" [HN10]

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2-chōme-16-10 Kanaoka, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-0823, Japan

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Ginger sold in [HNStore2] made in "Kouchi Prefecture" [HN9]

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2-chōme-16-7 Kanaoka, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-0823, Japan

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Enoki Mushrooms sold in [HNStore2] made in "Nagano Prefecture" [HN8]

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2 Chome-2 Kanaoka, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-0823, Japan

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another picture,,

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2 Chome-15 Kanaoka, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-0823, Japan

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Just another picture,,

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Tokyo Dome, 1 Chome-3-61 Koraku, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan

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Being an American-diner franchise, one would expect that Denny's have some form of American-cuisine promotion or advertisement within their international restaurants. Yet, this is far from the case, as Denny's (the brand) seems like the only thing that has crossed waters. Their menu is starkly different than the American version, featuring (semi-local/domestic) Margherita with Hokkaido Mascarpone Cheese and Eggplant as opposed to a classic Brooklyn Spaghetti and Meatballs. Interestingly enough,  their menu features dishes from other foreign locations as well such as Iberico Pork Carbonara and Sichuan Style Dandan Noodles. Compared to the American menu, there's a lot to be said here as the American menu heavily features domestic products such as Alaskan Salmon and Southwest Creamed Corn. Contrast this with fast food chains such as McDonald's and Wendy's with their overseas ventures and it becomes quite interesting to see the difference in approach of internationalizing a key part of a country's culinary inventory.

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McDonalds introduced three dishes infusing famous Malaysian street foods into their menu! The dishes consist of Fragrant coconut rice, crispy anchovies, fresh cucumber, and fried egg, topped with spicy sambal (chili sauce).

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This is a McFlurry that originated in Italian and is based off a chocolate brand called 'Baci Perugina'.It is common that companies collaborate with local brands in order to attract customers. They are essentially appealing to what people would be familiar with in order to get them to tap into a new product.

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Stroopwafels are wafer cookies that originate from Gouda in the Netherlands. They are known to as chewy, cinnamony wafers with a caramel filling (mouth-watering). The stroopwafel mcflurries were brought to the states in latter half of 2019 where people went crazy over them.

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YW - Analysis 3 - MOS Burger JPN (see source 3, 1 to 5)

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YW - Analysis 3 - MOS Burger JPN (see source 3, 1 to 5)

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Analysis 3 - MOS Burger JPN (see source 3, 1 to 5)

Everyday nationalism in the form of naming of the nation was found most in the online menu page of MOS Burger Japan. MOS Burger Japan was unique in that it seemed to name the nation (not only Japan and also in and several levels) which is particularly famous for the food used in their menu to put extra value to their product.

While KFC seemed to be quite obsessed with the "100% made in Japan" brand, MOS burger also indicated that their ingredients are from other nations in some of their products - for example the banana milk drink from source 3-4, which wrote that the banana used in the drink is made in Philippines.

MOS also made references to the nation not just a national level but also in a prefectural level. For example, in source 3-1 the explanation of the burger states that it used "100% nation made meat" and "nation-made cheese" But it also states that the cheese used is made specifically in Hokkaido, which is a place famous for the production of that particular cheese. In another product, they also refer to the nation on both the national level and prefectural level by stating that they use "nation-made unshiu mikan" and "Setouchi mikan" for their Gingerale with some citrus syrup (source 3-5).

Naming of the nation which is famous for the particular ingredient used in the product in this manner in the online menu description section seems to guarantee that the taste of the product is delicious for the customers. Unlike KFC, naming of the nation is not really a way to add a "kokusan" brand to the shop, but to explain the taste of the product to the customers and to ensure its quality.

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YW - Analysis 2 - KFC JPN (see source 2, 1-4)

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YW - Analysis 2 - KFC JPN (see source 2, 1-4)

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Analysis 2 - KFC JPN (see source 2, 1 to 4)

KFC repeatedly wrote "kokusan" which means "nation-made" to highlight that the chicken used in their product is "100% nation-made" in various places of their online web menu-page. While a lot of the other fast food shops in Japan use imported meat for their burgers, the fact that the ingredients used in KFC is made in Japan seems to raise the brand image of KFC Japan. It also seems to put value to their product by functioning to ensure the quality and taste of their product.

In some of their menu description, they used words like "Japanese style taste", which specifically points out that the taste of that particular product is something unique to the Japanese food culture. In such menu (source 2-3 and source 2-4), they also stated that the product is made of something particularly Japanese, for example the "nation-made chicken" and the "cooked seaweed from Hyogo prefecture" which further adds on to the Japaneseness of the product.

References to the nation in the KFC online menu page therefore seems to be mainly used as a  means to raise the brand image - repeated indication that the ingredients are made in Japan differentiates KFC from the other fast food brands popular in Japan, putting additional value to the quality and taste of the products they provide.

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YW - Analysis 1 - McDonald's JPN (see source 1, 1 to 2) 

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YW - Analysis 1 - McDonald's JPN (see source 1, 1 to 2) 

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Analysis 1 - McDonald's JPN (see source 1, 1 to 2)

Interestingly, I was not able to find so much representations of the nation in the online web menu page of McDonald's Japan. At this particular period of time I looked through their online web menu page, I only found two kinds of everyday nationalism.

However, McDonald's was the only fast food shop which used flagging of the nation as a design in the food advertisement picture. This was seen in the advertisement picture for the limited edition Tiramisu flavoured triangle choco-pie (source 1-1). Tiramisu is known as a famous Italian dessert and therefore flagging this food with the Italian flag feels appropriate, simply representing the strong link we make between Tiramisu and the country Italy.

The other kind of everyday nationalism I found was naming of the nation in the description sentence of the Teriyaki Burger (source 1-2). Telling that the taste of this particular burger is unique to Japan reinforces some kind of Japaneseness of the product and probably also a sense of nationhood in the consumers that prefers to buy this product.

Although I was not able to find so much representations of the nation this time, I remember McDonald's having limited edition food menu such as the Hawaiian Burger and Texas Burger in the past. Hence McDonald's  seems to use the nation often as a marketing campaign method, just like how they used the Italian flag for the limited edition Tiramisu flavoured triangle choco-pie.

However, the overall fact that McDonald's do not really use any references to the nation in their usual menu is meaningful, as McDonald's is a really big and popular fast food shop and they have customers from all over the world. Except for some campaigns and limited edition foods, they seem to somewhat avoid specific representations of a particular nation in their menu, probably to make sure that it is appropriate and comfortable for their global customers.

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A brief Introduction:

For my project, I wanted to look for everyday nationalism in the online web menu pages for McDonald's Japan, KFC Japan and MOS Burger Japan.

By clicking through the online web menu pages, I looked for presentations of the nation, mainly in the form of nation flagging (in the food advertisement picture) and naming of the nation (in the title of the product and description sentences for provided products).

McDonald's, KFC Japan and MOS Burger are the top three popular fast food shop in Japan (link to an article written in Japanese about this is attached to this post).

Therefore, I wanted to compare what kind of (and whether if there is any) everyday nationalism can be found in the online web menu pages of these popular fast food shops.

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プレスリリース・ニュースリリース配信シェアNo.1｜PR TIMES

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マイボイスコム株式会社（東京都千代田区、代表取締役社長：高井和久）は、9回目となる『ファストフードの利用』に関するインターネット調査を2019年9月1日～5日に実施し、10,235件の回答を集めました。調査結果をお知らせします。
【調査結果】 https://myel.myvoice.jp/products/detail.php?product_id=25405

◆ファストフード店の利用頻度
ファストフード店利用者は全体の8割強です。「年に数回以下」が37.6%でボリュームゾーンです。月1回以上利用者は、全体の約45%です。10～30代では各6割、60・70代では3割強で、若年層での利用頻度が高い傾向がみられます。ケンタッキーフライドチキン主利用者、サブウェイ主利用者、ミスタードーナツ主利用者などでは、「年に数回以下」が各6割前後で、他の層より利用頻度が低いことがうかがえます。

◆直近1年以内に利用したファストフード店（複数回答）
ファストフード利用者が、直近1年以内に利用したことがあるファストフード店は「マクドナルド」が8割弱、「ケンタッキーフライドチキン」「ミスタードーナツ」「モスバーガー」が各3～4割です。過去調査と比べ「ミスタードーナツ」「ロッテリア」などが減少傾向です。「ミスタードーナツ」は女性での比率が高くなっています。北海道では、「ケンタッキーフライドチキン」の比率が高く、「マクドナルド」が低くなっています。九州では「モスバーガー」が他の地域より高くなっています。

◆ファストフード店利用時の重視点（複数回答）
ファストフード利用者の重視点は、「食べ物がおいしい」「値段が手頃」が各4～5割、「気軽に立ち寄れる」「アクセスがよい」「割引きサービスがある(クーポンなど)」などが各20%台です。「気軽に立ち寄れる」は女性、「食べ物がおいしい」は10・20代での比率が高くなっています。また、週1～2回・週3～4回利用者では「一人で利用しやすい」「コーヒーがおいしい」などの比率が高くなっています。モスバーガー主利用者、フレッシュネスバーガー主利用者では「食べ物がおいしい」「原材料の品質が信頼できる」「食材の安全性に配慮している」などの比率が高くなっています。

◆ファストフード店の利用場面（複数回答）
ファストフード店を利用する場面は「昼食」が利用者の60.6%、「小腹がすいた時」「手ごろな価格で飲食したい時」「短時間で食事を済ませたい時」「クーポンやキャンペーンがある時」などが各2割前後です。「クーポンやキャンペーンがある時」は、女性が男性より比率が高くなっています。ミスタードーナツ主利用者では「小腹がすいた時」「お茶・コーヒーを飲みたい時」などの比率が高くなっています。ケンタッキーフライドチキン主利用者などでは「夕食」、サブウェイ主利用者、フレッシュネスバーガー主利用者、モスバーガー主利用者などでは「昼食」の比率が高くなっています。

◆最も好きなファストフード店
最も好きなファストフード店は、「マクドナルド」が利用者の32.9%、「モスバーガー」が20.0%、「ケンタッキーフライドチキン」が14.4%です。「マクドナルド」は、2015年以降、増加傾向です。「マクドナルド」は男性や、若年層での比率が高く、男性10～30代では5割弱が選んでいます。主利用店が最も好きだという人の比率をみると、モスバーガー主利用者は8割弱、ケンタッキーフライドチキン主利用者やサブウェイ主利用者は各7割強で、他の店舗利用者よりも高くなっています。

◆ファストフードの嗜好度
ファストフードが好きな層(「好き」「やや好き」の合計)は6割弱、好きではない層(「好きではない」「あまり好きではない」の合計)は約15%です。好きな層の比率を見ると、女性や若年層で高く、男性10・20代や女性10～30代で各8割弱です。60・70代では4割強にとどまります。

──＜＜ 回答者のコメント ＞＞───────────────────
◆最も好きなファストフード店の理由（全5,002件）
◆マクドナルド
・安くて定番から季節の商品まで品揃えが豊富だし、店舗のオペレーションもしっかりしていてスムーズだから。(女性 34歳)
・価格が安くてクーポンが多い。また新メニューやキャンペーンが多く店内はWi-Fiが使えるので長居ができる。(男性 43歳)
・店舗数が多く、ドライブスルーもあるので使い勝手がいいから。また価格も手頃で、子供もマクドナルドが好きだから。(女性 49歳)
◆モスバーガー
・注文をしてから作るので、少し時間はかかるものの、フレッシュで野菜が沢山入っている健康によさそうなハンバーガーに感じる。(女性 58歳)
・他のチェーンに比べて価格がやや高いが、圧倒的に味が良い。(男性 50歳)
・新鮮さ、作りたての美味しさがある。モスカードを持っているのでチャージしてお得に買える。(女性 38歳)
◆ケンタッキーフライドチキン
・チキンが美味しいから。贅沢な気分になれるから(男性 39歳)
・味が安定しているように感じることと、自宅でフライドチキンを揚げて食べるのは大変だから車で外出した際に利用することが多い。(男性 71歳)
◆ミスタードーナツ
・おいしい!大好き!子供と買って公園で食べたりできる気軽さがある(女性 33歳)
・コーヒーのお代わりができて、気軽に入っておしゃべりもできるし、軽いランチにも利用できる。(女性 72歳)
◆サブウェイ
・バンズの種類が豊富で選ぶことができること、野菜も豊富にとれて栄養バランスが良い。(男性 71歳)
・ファストフードだけど、体のことを考え野菜や玄米パンなども選択できるのがありがたいから(女性 46歳))

──＜＜ 調査結果 ＞＞───────────────────────
＜第9回＞（2019/9） https://myel.myvoice.jp/products/detail.php?product_id=25405
＜第8回＞（2017/9） https://myel.myvoice.jp/products/detail.php?product_id=23007
＜第7回＞（2015/9） https://myel.myvoice.jp/products/detail.php?product_id=20607
──────────────────────────────────

＜調査結果に関するお問合せ＞
（MAIL）otoiawase@myvoice.co.jp／（TEL）03-5217-1911

＜会社概要＞
【会社名】 マイボイスコム株式会社
【代表者】 代表取締役　高井和久
【設 立】 1999年7月
【資本金】 2億5,000万円
【所在地】 東京都千代田区神田錦町3-17-11　榮葉ビル5階
【企業HP】 https://www.myvoice.co.jp/

★マイボイスコムでは「アンケートモニター」を募集しています★
貴方もアンケートに参加しませんか。
（詳細はこちら） https://www.myvoice.co.jp/voice/campaign.html

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【ファストフードの利用に関するアンケート調査】ファストフード店月1回以上利用者は全体の約45%。利用者が最も好きなファストフード店は「マクドナルド」が3割強、「モスバーガー」が2割 プレスリリース

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【ファストフードの利用に関するアンケート調査】ファストフード店月1回以上利用者は全体の約45%。利用者が最も好きなファストフード店は「マクドナルド」が3割強、「モ...

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マイボイスコム株式会社（東京都千代田区、代表取締役社長：高井和久）は、9回目となる『ファストフードの利用』に関するインターネット調査を2019年9月1日～5日に実施し、10,235件の回答を集めました。調査結果をお知らせします。 【調査結果】 https://myel.myvoice.jp/products/detail.php?product_id=25405 ◆ファストフード店の利用頻度

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The Gingerale drink with orange and lemon syrup, sold in MOS Burger JAPAN, is described as using ”Navel Orange" from "Setouchi".
I personally did not know about this particular orange being a famous product from Setouchi. However, Setouchi is especially famous for their "Setouchi Lemon", which  automatically made me feel that the "Navel Orange" must be something tasty and famous from Setouchi too, as it is also a citrus fruits grown in Setouchi. In this manner, specifically naming this particular region of a nation could put extra value to the taste of this product.
The description also states that it uses "nation-made Unshiu Mikan”Unshiu Mikan” (translated as Satsuma Mandarin in English?) to add some grain texture to the drink, which is a famous kind of orange in Japan, often associated with the image of eating it inside a warm kotatsu with your family during the "nenmatsunenshi" (end of year and start of year) period of Japan.
Reference to the nation therefore is used as a way to explain the taste/texture and to ensure the quality of the product by highlighting that it uses ingredients made from areas that are famous for that product.

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YW - Source 3-4 - MOS Burger JPN

The Banana milk drink from MOS Burger JPN is described as using a Banana from Philippines to make a simple but rich banana taste drink, in its online menu page.
Considering that MOS also used prefectural reference to the nation in other products too(see source 3-5), MOS Burger JPN seems to name nations that are especially famous for that product to put extra value to the taste of their product. Unlike KFC which highlights their "kokusan" brand, MOS doesn't seem to be too obsessed with using "made in Japan" products - it addresses other nations too if naming that particular nation would put extra value to the product.

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YW - Source 3-3 - MOS Burger JPN.

The limited edition "gochisou burger" from MOS Burger JPN, the name meaning that it is a very special burger, also addresses that is uses "nation-made cheese" as an ingredient of this special burger, putting an additional value to this product. In just this 3 sentence description of the burger, it mentions twice that the cheese is specifically "nation-made". Reference to the nation through the word "kokusan (nation-made)" therefore is seemed to be used to ensure the product quality and delicious taste.
Near the end of the description, right after it mentions that it uses "nation-made cheese" for the second time, it states that this burger is a "luxurious and special" burger. Repeated reference to the nation therefore is used as a way to highlight how special this burger is, with carefully selected tasty ingredients being used.

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YW - Source 3-2 - MOS Burger JPN.

The Teriyaki burger online menu description from MOS Burger JPN. At the very end of the description , it specifically states that this burger is a "Japanese style burger". Before that, the description highlights that it uses soy sauce and Miso （soy bean paste) in the original sauce put over the hamburger. The word "Japanese style" over here therefore seems to put some Japaneseness to the  ingredients used and to the taste of this product.

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YW - Source 3-1 - MOS Burger JPN

A menu found in the online menu page for MOS Burger Japan. The name of this limited edition menu states that it uses "nation-made roasted pork" and ”Gouda cheese from Hokkaido prefecture”.
The explanation of this product addresses a lot to the nation. Firstly, it states that the hamburger in this product is made from "100% nation-made meat". Then it it describes the cheese used as an "original nation-made cheese". It further indicates that the roasted bacon is made from "nation-made roasted pork". The last sentence describing the taste of this product further reminds that the cheese used in this product is nation-made.
The naming of the nation is not really used to address how "Japanese" the product is, but to ensure the delicious taste and quality of this product. But when people choose to consume this product after reading the text description which repeatedly points out to the nation (by stating that the ingredients are "kokusan"), it surely reinforces some sense of nationhood in the consumer himself.

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YW - Source 2-4 - KFC JPN

This product found in the Japanese KFC online menu is named as the "Japanese-style chicken cutlet sand". Specifically stating that it is a Japanese style food from the product name means that the taste of this product, the way it is cooked, the ingredients, or maybe all of these components are considered as something unique to Japan. The description also states that it uses "nation-made chicken" which puts another Japanese aspect to this product. Again, although the online website already explicitly notes that all the chicken used in KFC JPN's product is "100% nation-made" (see source 2-1- KFC JPN) it reminds the consumers again to ensure the quality of the product and to keep this brand image that it uses safe and high quality ingredients made in Japan.

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ケンタ　和風チキンカツサンド

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YW - Source 2-3 - KFC JPN

The taste of this product is explained as having a "wafuu-aji", meaning "Japanese style taste". The description also states that it uses a "special mayo-sauce" and "KFC original teriyaki sauce" to flavour this product, which seems to be why this product has a "Japanese style taste".
The description also states that it uses "cooked seaweed from Hyogo prefecture", which adds on to the Japaneseness of this product. Additional value is put onto this product by stating that the cooked seaweed is made in Hyogo prefecture, as the Hyogo prefecture is known to be the second largest producer of seaweed in Japan and is famous for its "Hyogo seaweed" made in an ocean rich with nutrients.

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ケンタ　てりやきツイスター

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YW - Source 2-2 - KFC JPN

A specific indication that the chicken used in this pot pie (which is only provided at KFC during the winter in Japan) is nation-made. From the Japanese KFC online menu page.
Although the online KFC JPN website explicitly states with extra big text that the chicken used in their product is "100% nation-made" (see YW - source 2-1 - KFC JPN), they seem to indicate it again to ensure the safe quality and taste of this product.

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YW - Source 2-1 - KFC JPN

From the Japanese KFC online menu page - explicitly tells that the chicken used in their product is "100% nation-made" from Japan. It is a little bit hard to tell just from the picture, but if you go into the online menu page and scroll down, you will be able to find the same text as this picture written very big at the bottom of the website page. The fact that the chicken used in the products of KFC JPN is 100% nation-made seems to put extra value to the brand itself and to the products it sells.

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YW - Source 1-2 - McDonald's JPN

The Teriyaki burger explained as having a Teriyaki flavour unique to Japan in the online menu of Mcdonald's Japan. While the description is very concise and does not explain deeply about what kind of ingredients are used to make that Teriyaki flavour, the phrase "Teriyaki flavour unique to Japan" highlights how this particular taste of food is very particular to Japan and something that cannot be found in other countries.

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YW - Source 1-1 - McDonald's JPN

Colours of the Italian flag used as a design for the tiramisu flavoured triangle choco-pie in Japanese Mcdonald online menu page.
It is quite interesting to see a flag-like design put just on the limited edition tiramisu flavoured triangle choco-pie,  as the online menu page for the other flavours (black chocolate and white chocolate) which is sold every year during the winder in Japan didn't have any kind of flagging or design like that.
Tiramisu is known to be one of the most famous desserts from Italy. Putting a design which looks like an Italian flag over here therefore is probably used to put additional value to this product, that it is a special limited edition product with special taste.

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McJPN 三角チョコパイ

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Categories
We can see it tends to be difficult to see a national element in fruit category. They all seem tend to show "green", seldomly present nationalism this case.
For fast food, we can see their brand images tend to be concise and usually have a more fixed impression than restaurant only set locally. More energy is put in to design, though it seem they are present internationally and to be accepted by the wide consumers, I think they also present some extent of nationhood. For instance, using English characters in Burger King and KFC or using Japanese characters "すき家". So that people could tell where they are from to some extent.

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Rita's Italian Ice, yes, the original company name featuring the word "Italian" in it is actually an American company that has internationalized itself across the Pacific and found its way in Shenzhen, China. Interestingly enough, the branding has dropped the word "Italian" in favor of "American", taking the idea of marketing the "foreign" to a whole new level. Nevertheless, the internationalization attempt by Rita's Italian Ice is an interesting take on how foreign conceptions generates business and the idea of "exoticness." Quite impressive to see though!

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While technically Swedish in origin, these candies were always designed with the US market in mind, selling itself with marketing terms such as being a "fat free food" and gluten-free (it is just basically pure sugar) since the 1960s! Today, these bright-red fish are almost universally recognizable across the US, and an almost staple in American candy-cuisine, as well as exporting itself out to other countries that experience American holidays such as Halloween.

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Consists of fried beans, salsa, cheese that are the main ingredients of practically any Mexican dish.

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A twist on a local street food desert that cannot be found or expected elsewhere. The "sticky rice' component in particular is based off many Southeast Asian cuisines. The incorporation of rice into a desert is not uncommon in the region but is certainly not expected from an American based fast food chain.

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India's own take on the Big Mac incorporating original seasoning and spices that appeal to the Indian pallet. The word 'Maharaja' would (under usual circumstances) be foreign to non-Indian speakers. Maharajas are what is referred to as Indian princes or royalty.

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A dish that any Canadian would be proud to introduce to others : Poutine! Poutine originates from the province of Quebec in Canada. It consists of a simple recipe of French fries, cheddar cheese curds (CANNOT be grated cheese) and gravy sauce. As you can probably guess, the words 'Absolument!' translate into 'Absolutely!'. The reason this caption is specifically written in French is because of the province's strong link to its French origins.

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Hong Kong's Sausage and egg twist pasta. This dish is supposed to mimic a ramen/soup and noodle dish aka a taste of the orient

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Olive Garden is an American-based so-called "Italian Kitchen" franchise that is notorious for being... well, not Italian at all (ask any Italian person, they will be mortified to hear it). Despite this, their advertisements can be seen heavily playing on the images of Italy and Italian food, driving a country stereotype into the minds of American consumers in an attempt to convince them that they serve, in fact, Italian food. However, in many categorizations of restaurants, they are labeled as being Italian-American, or sometimes just straight-up American food.

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and About Japanese food

We can see elements of Japan be used when they try to sell Japanese food, like using the "Japanese" in the titles, using Japanese words, using"屋"(ya), word come from japan to show the type of food or using images of food or images containing japanese elements as visual elements to attract its potential consumers.

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Specific Location of Local Stores in Osaka, Japan ("Shotengai") [Hina Nishida]

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Specific Location of Larger Grocery Store in Japan: Konomiya [Hina Nishida]

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Products [HN4] and [HN5] are advertised to be grown/obtained from different countries (Australia/America) to emphasize their perceived quality and add an exotic quality. The effort needed to obtain resources from overseas lead consumers to assume there is a reason for the choice,  increasing the perceived quality of the products. On the other hand, most of the other products are advertised to have been made in certain prefectures. This creation of identity between the prefectures are common in Japan, often based on the climate and products most grown in each area, as well as famous traditional foods that are historically tied to the areas.

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What looks and sounds like an exquisite European ice cream establishment is in fact an American-based company (which a lot of people don't know!). The name and its advertisement plays on the long-standing connotation of Europe and fanciness that is present within the US, almost justifying an increase in price compared to non-foreign sounding competitors for the supposed "luxury" that the brand is perceived to have. Apart from the name and price though, Haagen-Dazs actually doesn't paint itself as a foreign company despite so many people thinking that it is one. Nice thinking by the founder.

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Noodles "Made in Nagoya" found in grocery store in Osaka [HN7]

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Colours of the Italian flag used as a design for the tiramisu flavoured triangle choco-pie in Japanese Mcdonald online menu page. (Yurika)

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McJPN 三角チョコパイ

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Cheese "Made in Hokkaido" found in grocery store in Osaka [HN1]

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Milk carton "Made in Hokkaido" found in grocery store in Osaka [HN2]

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Can of Crackers with image of traditionally dressed Scottish figure (evokes sense of exotic food) found in grocery in Osaka [HN3]

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Salt and Pepper mixture "made from Australian spring water" found in grocery store in Osaka [HN4]

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Frozen corn "made from corn grown in America" found in grocery store in Japan [HN5]

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Potatoes "Made in 'Tokachi', Obihiro City Hokkaido Prefecture" : found in grocery store in Osaka [HN6]

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There are too many pictures I took, but except for honey and wool, some of the most significant nationalism products have been posted. Hurray!

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New Zealand brand and product, Milo, which is hot chocolate.

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MILK! Famous New Zealand stuff.

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The ice cream brand, Tiptop, is a national brand. When on sale, a 2L box is only 5 New Zealand dollars.

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I have taken photos of one of the three main supermarkets in New Zealand - Countdown.

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Helloooooo

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penguins

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You can't really see it, but it was very pink.

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Chain restaurant and local food
As we can see for brands of chain have more concise brand images. Where for local food, they prefer to show the image of meal and try to distinct the type from one another, they try less in proving their nation but more in the cuisine, and sometimes with less purpose of what and how to convey. They have more chance to show more by the whole picture, but also the chance of being ignored for too much information disorderly presented.