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Işıl KFA/Team Selma

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TEAM  MENTORS                       SEBAHAT BAYDEMİR / FLORI LONITA

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TEAM  MENTORS                       SEBAHAT BAYDEMİR / FLORI LONITA

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Sofia.IISFLORIO

Zeynep59

Fatin59

Asu gamze

Özgün gamze

Ela.Cure

Efsun KAAL

Hatice Sezen

Işıl KFA

Gabriel.Tamar

Ketevani.Tamar

Denis.Chezan.

Deniz İrfan

Barbare.Ts

Egehan İsmihan

Vasko SSI

Xandra Flori

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Ela Cure

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Education Poster (Portrait)- Science - 1

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Kardiyovasküler hastalar nasıl beslenmeli_ “Temel hedefler tam tahılları tü_20250113_142917_0000

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These are the extensive references I used in the poster mentioned above and in this article.

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These are the extensive references I used in the poster mentioned above and in this article.

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https://beslenmevediyetdergisi.org/index.php/bdd/article/download/1164/1034/2230

https://turkjnephrol.org/Content/files/sayilar/405/192-196.pdf

https://dializmerkezi.com/kronik-bobrek-yetmezligi-olan-hastalarda-beslenme.php

https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-ve-hareketli-hayat-db/Dokumanlar/Kitaplar/Kronik_Bobrek_Yetmezligi_ve_Beslenme.pdf

https://ankara.baskenthastaneleri.com/tr/tani-tedavi-birimlerimiz/beslenme-ve-diyetetik/kronik-bobrek-yetmezligi-ve-diyet-tedavisi

https://www.tbv.com.tr/site/assets/files/4447/985_kronik_bobrek_yetersizliginde_beslenme.pdf

https://www.memorial.com.tr/hastaliklar/bobrek-yetmezligi-belirtileri-nelerdir-nasil-tedavi-edilir

https://www.drnurolarik.com/tr/article/desc/14046/kronik-bobrek-hastaliginda-beslenme.html

https://rumelihospital.com.tr/saglik-rehberi/beslenme-ve-diyet-saglik-rehberi/bobrek-hastaliklarinda-beslenme-nasil-olmali/

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Kronik Böbrek Hastalığı (KBH) olan bireylerde karbonhidrat ve insülin metabolizmasında bozukluklar görülmektedir. Böbrekler glukoz homeostazında önemli role sahiptirler. Renal hastalığın erken aşamalarında insülin etkisinde azalma görülür ve glomuruler filtrasyonun azalmasıyla insülin direnci prevalansı artar. KBH’da insülin direncine katkıda bulunan etmenler arasında serbest yağ asitleri ve büyüme hormonu, paratiroid hormon, glukagon ve kortikosteroidler gibi kontregulatuar hormonlardaki dengesizlik gibi spesifik olmayan mekanizmalar yer aldığı gibi üremiye bağlı ürik asit, psödoüridin gibi spesifik etmenler katkıda bulunmaktadır. Üremiye bağlı kalsiyum ve fosfat metabolizmasındaki değişiklikler ile karbonhidrat metabolizması arasında ilişki vardır. Sekonder hiperparatirodizm ve D vitamini eksikliği, beta hücrelerinin insülin salgılatma kapasitesini azaltmaktadır. İnsülinin metabolik etkilerine karşı oluşan direnç sadece karbonhidrat metabolizması ile kısıtlı olmayıp, aynı zamanda vücuttaki protein metabolizmasını da kapsamaktadır. Son dönem KBH hastalarında insülin direncinin azaltılması önemli bir tedavi hedefi olarak göz önüne alınmalıdır. Bu derleme makalenin amacı böbrek hastalıklarında karbonhidrat metabolizmasındaki değişiklikleri ve olası mekanizmaları irdelemektir.

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I have shared all the writings written here.

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I have shared all the writings written here.

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Disorders in carbohydrate and insulin metabolism are observed in individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The kidneys play a significant role in maintaining glucose balance. In the early stages of renal disease, insulin effectiveness decreases, and the prevalence of insulin resistance increases as glomerular filtration declines. Factors contributing to insulin resistance in CKD include imbalances in counter-regulatory hormones such as free fatty acids, growth hormone, parathyroid hormone, glucagon, and corticosteroids. Additionally, specific uremia-related factors such as uric acid and pseudouridine also play a role. Changes in calcium and phosphate metabolism related to uremia are associated with disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency reduce the insulin-secreting capacity of beta cells. Resistance to the metabolic effects of insulin is not limited to carbohydrate metabolism but also encompasses protein metabolism in the body. Reducing insulin resistance in end-stage CKD patients should be considered an important therapeutic goal.

Carbohydrate metabolism disorders in CKD patients are associated with insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. The kidneys play a vital role in insulin metabolism and clearance. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 40 ml/min, insulin clearance decreases; at GFR levels below 20 ml/min, insulin half-life prolongation is observed. Insulin resistance in CKD is attributed to reduced glucose uptake by muscle cells. Glucose metabolism disorders in CKD patients can partially improve with hemodialysis, indicating the presence of factors in uremic patients' serum that impair insulin’s biological effects and can be removed by dialysis.

In the diet of CKD patients, carbohydrates should provide 55-60% of total energy intake. Bread and grains contain not only carbohydrates but also a certain amount of protein. Sugar, honey, jam, and starch are pure carbohydrate sources. These foods, which serve as a primary energy source, should be included in your diet in amounts recommended by your dietitian.

In the nutritional management of CKD patients, attention should be given to the protein content of carbohydrates. The protein content of carbohydrates (such as bread, pasta, rice, bulgur, and especially legumes) is similar to that of meat. Therefore, when consuming legumes, the amount of meat eaten on that day should be reduced. Additionally, carbohydrate-rich foods constitute a significant portion of daily energy intake and are widely consumed. Bread, pasta, flatbread, pastries, rice, and desserts like honey, molasses, and jam are major sources of carbohydrates. Excessive consumption of these foods is both unhealthy and leads to weight gain.

In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and renal impairment. In individuals with kidney disease, carbohydrate intake and metabolism should be closely monitored, and appropriate nutritional plans should be developed.

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Green and White Doodle Science Project Proposal Cover A4 Document_20250121_193627_0000