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It consists of a main cavern about 66 feet ( 20 meters ) wide and 16 feet ( 5 meters) and several steep galleries . Each is magnificently decorated with engraved , drawn , and painted figures , in all some 600 painted and drawn animals and symbols and nearly 1,500 engravings.

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Know for their innovations in language, governance, architecture and more, Sumerians are considered the creators of civilization as modern humans understand it. Their control of the region lasted for short of 2,000 years before the Babylonians took charge in 2004 B.C.The modern peoples of Iraq, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Marsh Arabs and Iraqi Arabs are the descendants of the ancient Sumerians and Akkadians.

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Stonehenge is perhaps the world's most famous prehistoric monument. It was built in several stages: the first monument was an early henge monument, built about 5,000 years ago, and the unique stone circle was erected in the late Neolithic period about 2500 BC.

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The Code of Hammurabi was a set of 282 laws inscribed in stone by the Babylonian king Hammurabi (r. 1795-1750 BCE) who conquered and then ruled ancient Mesopotamia. Although his law code was not the first, it was the most clearly defined and influenced the laws of other cultures.

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The Ishtar Gate was built to show the power and wealth of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The animals and flowers with which it is decorated symbolize the gods Marduk and Adad, and the Goddess Ishtar.The Ishtar Gate was more than 38 feet (12 metres) high and was decorated with glazed brick reliefs, in tiers, of dragons and young bulls. The gate itself was a double one, and on its south side was a vast antechamber.

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The Second Temple of Jerusalem was the center of the Jewish religion from its construction following the end of the Babylonian captivity in 538 BCE, until its destruction in 70 CE. It had replaced the First Temple, which had been built during the reign of King Solomon.

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Considered one of Egypt's greatest pharaohs—man or woman—Hatshepsut brought great wealth and artistry to her land. She sponsored one of Egypt's most successful trading expeditions, bringing back gold, ebony, and incense from a place called Punt (probably modern-day Eritrea, a country in Africa).

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Nefertiti was a queen of Egypt and wife of King Akhenaton, who played a prominent role in changing Egypt's traditional polytheistic religion to one that was monotheistic, worshipping the sun god known as Aton. An elegant portrait bust of Nefertiti now in Berlin is perhaps one of the most well-known ancient sculptures.

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The Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro is called the "earliest public water tank of the ancient world". It measures approximately 12 metres (40 ft) by 7 metres (23 ft), with a maximum depth of 2.4 metres (8 ft). Two wide staircases, one from the north and one from the south, served as the entry to the structure.

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This large example (about 3 feet high) may depict a Minoan ceremony of bull-leaping. The energy of the human participants (females at the end painted white and a male acrobat in the center) is strikingly represented while the charge of the bull is suggested through his elongated body.Although this fresco has been reconstructed—the darker fragments are the recovered pieces—the sport or ritual of bull-leaping is clearly depicted. The fresco dates to the Final Palace period, ca. 1450–1400 BC. Bull-leaping was thus a centerpiece of Minoan life.

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Mask of Agamemnom ( Greece : Mycenaean) 

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Mask of Agamemnom ( Greece : Mycenaean) 

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Found at Mycenae in 1876 by the distinguished archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann, it was one of several gold funeral masks found laid over the faces of the dead buried in the shaft graves of a royal cemetery.» The most detailed and stylistically distinct mask came to be known as the Mask of Agamemnon.The mask is still important as it provides strong symbolism for Agamemnon and his story in Greek myth. Many historians still refer to the golden death mask as the mask of Agamemnon, since like the mask, Agammemnon also represents the prosperous wealth of the Bronze Age.

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An amphora, such as the one at left, is a two-handled storage jar that held oil, wine, milk, or grain. Amphora was also the term for a unit of measure. Amphoras were sometimes used as grave markers or as containers for funeral offerings or human remains. Painter of Berlin 1686, about 540 B.C.

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The sculpture of Classical Greece developed an aesthetic that combined idealistic values with a faithful representation of nature, while avoiding overly realistic characterization and the portrayal of emotional extremes, generally maintaining a formal atmosphere of balance and harmony.

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Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of classical Greek art, and the Parthenon is considered an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, democracy, and Western civilization.

The Parthenon is so special because first of all is the symbol of Athens democracy. It was built after the victory on the Persians who occupied Athens in 480 BC. It was built to celebrate the victory and Athens political, economic and cultural superiority.Jun 3, 2017

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Laocoön is a Trojan priest. He and his two young sons are attacked by giant serpents sent by the gods when Laocoön argued against bringing the Trojan horse into the city. The story of Laocoön has been the subject of numerous artists, both in ancient and in more contemporary times.

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The Etruscans had a monarchy while the Romans had a republic. According to legend, in the early days of Rome's existence, the city was said to be ruled by seven kings of Etruscan origin. They ruled by autocratic means, and their government was set up in strict monarchical hierarchies.

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The Augustus of Primaporta's function was to transmit an important imperial message to the viewer, and the message of this statue is that the Emperor Augustus is a strong and victorious warrior and a god. Many aspects of this statue communicate both his military accomplishments and his divinity simultaneously.

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Built by Agrippa between 25 and 27 BC the Pantheon was a temple dedicated to the twelve Gods and to the living Sovran. Traditionally it is believed that the present building is result of the radical reconstruction by Hadrian between 118 and 125 AD.

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The Colosseum was the second and largest permanent amphitheatre built within the city of Rome. While the circus was used for chariot races and was significantly larger, the Colosseum was used for various blood sports, including animal hunts, prisoner executions, and gladiatorial combat.

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Built between 532 and 537, Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom, Ayasofya) represents a brilliant moment in Byzantine architecture and art. It was the principal church of the Byzantine Empire in its capital, Constantinople (later Istanbul), and a mosque after the Ottoman Empire conquered the city in 1453.

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The Mosaic of Justinian clearly reflects the intertwining of church and state by depicting Emperor Justinian I alongside religious figures, such as Bishop Maximianus. This arrangement symbolizes Justinian's role as both a secular ruler and a key figure in promoting Christianity.

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The Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba[1][2] (Spanish: Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba [meθˈkita kateˈðɾal de ˈkoɾðoβa]), officially known by its ecclesiastical name of Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption (Spanish: Catedral de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción),[3] is the cathedral of the Diocese of Córdoba dedicated to the Assumption of Mary and located in the Spanish region of Andalusia.[4] Due to its status as a former mosque, it is also known in Spanish as the Mezquita (Spanish for 'mosque')[5][6] and in an historical sense as the Great Mosque of Córdoba

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Carolingian Renaissance, the revival of classical learning and the refinement of contemporary clerical and scholarly practices pursued under the Carolingian rulers of western Europe from the mid-8th to the 9th century.

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Leonardo is a masculine name of German origin meaning “lion-hearted” or “brave as a lion.” It is derived from the Germanic name Leonhard with leo translating to “lion” and hard meaning “brave,” “hardy,” or “strong.” Although originating in Germany, Leonardo is a popular spelling in Italy, Spain, and Portugal, with ...

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Raphael is the angel who can heal. He is the patron saint (taking care of) the young people, shepherds; sick people and travelers. He can cure eye problems and nightmares. He is a special angel of the apothecaries; meaning nurses, pharmacists, physicians and jobs like those.

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His most celebrated creations have become icons of world culture: the monumental marble David in Florence; the astonishing frescoes in the Sistine Chapel and the soaring dome of Saint Peter's Basilica, both in Rome.

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Donatello was one of greatest Italian Renaissance artists, noted especially for his sculptures in marble, bronze, and wood. His sculpted figures were some of the first since antiquity to represent anatomy correctly—though some late works were slightly exaggerated—and to suggest a sense of individuality.