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Reading 101 for Parents: Phonics and Decoding

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Phonics is a step-by-step way to teach the alphabetic principle - the idea that letters represent the sounds of spoken language - and that there is a predictable relationship between letters and sounds. "Decoding" is the act of sounding out words using phonics.

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Fluency is a child's ability to read a book or other text with accuracy, at a reasonable rate, and with appropriate expression. Reading fluency is important because it provides a bridge between word recognition and comprehension.

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What is reading comprehension and why is it important?

"Real reading has to do with thinking, learning, and expanding a reader's knowledge and horizons. It has to do with building on past knowledge, mastering new information, and connecting with the minds of those you've never met."

Zimmerman, S. and Hutchins, C. (2003) Seven keys to comprehension: How to help your kids read it and get it! New York: Three Rivers Press.

Reading comprehension is the ability to read text, process it and understand its meaning. It relies on two, interconnected abilities: word reading (being able to decode the symbols on the page) and language comprehension (being able to understand the meaning of the words and sentences).

When we make sense of a text, however, we don't just remember the exact words and phrases we read. Rather, we form a mental model of what the text describes by integrating the sense of the words and sentences into a meaningful whole, like a film that plays in our head.

Good comprehension is vital if reading is to have a purpose, if a reader is to engage with and learn from a text and, ultimately, if a reader is to enjoy what they're reading.

For more information about the nature of comprehension, an excellent introduction is provided by Understanding and Teaching Reading Comprehension: A handbook by Jane Oakhill, Kate Cain and Carsten Elbro (Routledge, 2014).

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What is reading comprehension and why is it important?

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulkX1aRTqTQ&t=80s

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Understanding Vocabulary: Why It's Critical to Your Child's Reading

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Work in a variety of reading comprehension activities with IXL! Click on the kindergarten skills in the first column.

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IXL brings learning to life with over 200 different reading comprehension skills. Engaging questions and fun visuals motivate students to master new concepts.

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You can use this strategy at home after any book or story.

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Duck Duck Moose is an interactive game that teaches letter sounds and allows children to read short, simple words.

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9 WORD AND LETTER ACTIVITIES:
- Teaches phonics - the letter sounds for all consonants, short vowels, and long vowels
- Practice spelling consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words

DEVELOPED WITH EDUCATORS:
- Based on the Common Core State Standards - Foundational Skills of Reading at Kindergarten
- Developed in conjunction with a Stanford University educator, Jennifer DiBrienza, PhD in Early Elementary Education, and a former NYC public school teacher (K-Grade 2)
- Tested extensively in Kindergarten classrooms

PARENT REPORTING:
- Includes a new reporting tool so teachers and parents can see how a child is progressing and which letter sounds they have learned

BASED ON COMMON CORE STANDARDS:
- Letter-sound and word activities
- Recognizing and naming lowercase letters
- Demonstrating knowledge of letter-sound correspondences
- Isolating and pronouncing sounds in CVC (consonant-vowel-consonant) words
- Covers: RF.K.1d, RF.K.2d, RF.K.2e, RF.K.3a, RF.K.3b

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9 WORD AND LETTER ACTIVITIES: - Teaches phonics - the letter sounds for all consonants, short vowels, and long vowels - Practice spelling consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words DEVELOPED WITH EDUCATORS: - Based on the Common Core State Standards - Foundational Skills of Reading at Kindergarten - Developed in conjunction with a

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These's short, decodable passages can be printed out and read anytime. Short vowel sounds is a great place to start in kindergarten.

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List of Free Decodables

The short vowels skill explainer has everything you need to teach this, including lesson plans, student practice activities, and videos of great classroom instruction.

Review of All Patterns Previously Taught

One-Syllable Magic 'e' (also known as Silent 'e') Words

Related Content

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Reading Universe | Free Decodable Texts for Each Phonics Skill

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Decodable texts are simple passages or books made for beginning readers that offer practice with specific phonics patterns.

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Play this fun letter switching game to work improve your child's phonemic awareness! You can also see related activities by scrolling down. You just need to sign up for a free account.

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Challenge your child to create whole new word by changing just one letter in this switch 'em up letter game. CVC (consonant vowel consonant) words are featured prominently in this segmenting game all about word construction. While playing, your kid will get some essential spelling and vocabulary practice. He'll also build essential phonics skills as he identifies which letter of a word can be replaced to give it an entirely different meaning.

Grade

Subject

View aligned standards

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Switch the Letter | Game | Education.com

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Challenge your child to create whole new word by changing just one letter in this switch 'em up letter game. CVC (consonant vowel consonant) words are featured prominently in this segmenting game all about word construction. While playing, your kid will get some essential spelling and vocabulary practice.

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Select the "Spin the Wheel" template. The wheel will land on a three word phrase. Once your student has read the phrase three times correctly, you can eliminate it from the wheel.

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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on his lips, on the rugs, with his nets, for his dad, had a bath, had a shot, at the shop, is a mess, on the path, get the hens, fill the tub, in the hall.

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Help your student complete this shades of meaning activity.

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Real-Life Connections Between Words and Shades of Meaning – Online Quiz by Kids Academy

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Discover how words connect to real life with our engaging quiz on shades of meaning. Enhance vocabulary skills for kids in a fun, interactive way!

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Here are two printable activities for distinguishing between similar words. (You can help your student read the sentences!)

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In the lesson "Identify New Meanings for Familiar Words," kindergarteners will embark on an exciting journey into the world of vocabulary, specifically focusing on determining or clarifying the meaning of unknown words. This lesson is an integral part of the Vocabulary unit, where students will learn that words they already know can have multiple meanings depending on the context in which they are used. Through engaging activities such as the "Which Is Correct?" and "Guess the Meaning" worksheets, students will practice identifying the appropriate meaning of a word in different sentences.

Understanding that words can have more than one meaning enhances reading comprehension and enriches communication skills. It encourages students to pay closer attention to the context of words, a vital skill in both oral and written communication. This knowledge lays a foundational understanding of language's complexity and versatility, fostering a deeper appreciation and curiosity for learning new words. It is important because it helps build a robust vocabulary from an early age, empowering students with the confidence to explore and engage with more complex texts as they progress in their educational journey.

Share your lesson with students by clicking: Assign to My Students

Activity 1 / Which Is Correct? Worksheet

Look through this exercise with your students. Does every picture match the sentence at the top of the images? Ask your children to read out the sentences, and then ask them if they know what they mean. Then, go through the worksheet and check the pictures that match the sentences. What does the sentence "My dad likes to fish" mean? Can your child correctly interpret sentences to pictures? Test their abilities with this pdf worksheet.

Activity 2 / Guess the Meaning Worksheet

Words can be tricky in that one word could have different meaning when used in different contexts. Help your child clear up some of that confusion with the help of this colorful, free worksheet. What is the meaning of the underlined words in each sentence? Look through the pictures under each sentence and check the one that correctly matches the meaning of the word according to context.

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Identify New Meanings for Familiar Words

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Show your child a lesson "Identify New Meanings for Familiar Words". Look through this exercise with your students.

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This video shows a few activities you can try anytime with books you already have at home. If you would like me to send home some additional reading material just let me know!

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Print the attached cards. Sort them by words that rhyme.