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To urge governmental agencies to emphasize liberal arts education in school to increase participation in politics.

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historical context of why education is dominated by vocational paradigm

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historical context of why education is dominated by vocational paradigm

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1957 Cold War, Space Race, Soviet launch of Sputnik

1958 The US responded with the National Defense Education Act -> funding for science & math edu./vocational training

1983 Reagan Administration report A Nation at Risk -> era of STEM centered reform in edu.

2007 concept/term of "STEM" coined by National Academy of Science

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defines equality and specifies what type of in/equality Allen will be talking about

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defines equality and specifies what type of in/equality Allen will be talking about

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social

political

economic

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poltical protests and reforms for worker's rights and pay

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identifies ways to achieve participatory readiness through different types of civic agency

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identifies ways to achieve participatory readiness through different types of civic agency

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1) disinterested deliberation

2) prophetic work

3) fair fighting

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tech. & vocational edu. only addresses economic inequality and disregards social and political inequality

->

causes a discrepancy because Allen argues that economic inequality is caused by political inequality

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vocational edu. is essential in allowing people to complete in the global economy

global economy comes from a diffusion of knowledge, access to education. Scholars like Thomas Piketty only focus on VOCATIONAL goals in education

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what these events made gov/scholars think 

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what these events made gov/scholars think 

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President Obama stated schools that focus on STEM edu. shall be rewarded in his 2013 State of the Union address

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named scholars to support Allen's argument

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named scholars to support Allen's argument

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Rodrik

Daron Acemŏglu

Jim Robinson

Thomas Piketty

Edward L. Glaeser

Giacomo Pozetto

Andrei Shleifer

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dissemination of skill is not enough to bridge the gap between income inequalities

only social and political change can change the normalization of extreme wealth gaps

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1) Athenian citizens, townhalls of colonial New Hampshire

2) 19th century Abolitionists and their rhetorical power: Harriet Beecher Stowe, MLK jr

3) women's rights activists: Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan b. Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage

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Ideal civic agent showcases participatory readiness in all aspects.

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Ideal civic agent showcases participatory readiness in all aspects.

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Example: Elizabeth Cady Stanton

1) DD - debate

2) PW - drafting of Declaration of Sentiments

3) FF - campaigning for legal change

cultivated into actual political change: Woman's Property Bill

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CFE vs. NY