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As traditional social structures broke down, the working class emerged, providing labor in exchange for wages. They typically provide manual labor in this time, and work in blue- or pink-collar jobs, mostly in factories and cities. The working class was created with the industrial revolution in the mid to late 1700s. They were needed to supply the rapidly growing demand of workers after industrialization.

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Consumer culture is a society desperate to buy luxuries and things they don't need. It was created in the late 1800s, brought on by the rise of industry in the U.S. "Consumers" refers to the people willing to buy products.

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The Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that caused economic depression in the United States and many parts of Europe. It was caused by banks failing and over investing in railroads.

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Fredrick Taylor created the idea of "scientific management", where factory managers divide manufacturing into much smaller, more repetitive tasks. This style of management was introduced in the late 19th to late 20th century in order to make factories run as efficiently as possible. This way, factories would maximize profits, while simultaneously minimizing worker pay.

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Principles of Scientific Management | Meaning and Techniques

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The Knights of Labor was one of the largest American labor organizations in the late 1800s. They emerged after the Panic of 1873 collapsed the NLU. The founder, Uriah Stephens, created it to advocate for more fair labor practices, such as equal pay for women, no using prisoners for free labor, and more.

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The American Federation of Labor was created in 1886 when 20 craft unions organized together, led by Samuel Gompers. Its main goals were to improve working conditions and economic gains for their members.