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African, Arabic, and Islamic cultures have been merged to create the Sudanese traditional medicine. This medicine ongoingly continues to treat multiple illnesses in their society, which also include the underprivileged areas in need. This is an affordable, easy way to treat all illness that may occur. Hospital administration is very limited as to why traditional medicines are encouraged. In the image shown, this consists of 48 different types of plants that have been used as traditional medicines in the Sudanese culture. These medicines have had a massive impact on many illnesses. Such as, diabetes, cancer, inflammation, gastrointestinal issues etc.

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Translator communicating with patient (ensure understanding in hospital setting)

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When discussing communication skills and adopting the best habits when referring to immigrant and refugee backgrounds, we put in the best practice about their health and wellbeing. This is so we can ensure high quality care, safe healthcare that's being provided, and using appropriate communication practices (if there is a communication barrier). As Sudanese's individuals may only understand Arabic (most common language spoken) it's important to ensure you have access to an interpreter. This will make the individual feel comfortable and able to communicate with you what they're thinking/feeling. An interpreter is essential when discussing medical information about said person, as they need to fully understand the procedure and actions going to be undertaken.

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Arabic which is the most spoken language in Sudan (official language), has developed significantly in the region. Arabic gradually blended with local tongues and cultures following the Islamic conquests in the seventh century to become the main language. It took many centuries to acquire distinctive languages by assimilating elements of Beja, Nubian, and other native tongues. Once English was introduced by the British Colonization, Arabic maintained its status in the 19th and 20th century. As late as 1956, Arabic was declared they official language of Sudan after gaining an insight of independence. It serves as a unifying force in a nation where over 100 different ethnic groups speak various languages.

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When discussing the Sudanese cultural foods, I can confidently state that Sudanese individuals are quite friendly and inviting which involves inviting people to eat with them. Because of the exceptional geographical location between Saharan Africa and North America, which serves the main reason as to why there is a fusion between middle eastern and east African cuisine flavors. Research proves that the most eaten ingredients in Sudan include Porridge, meat, fava beans and peanuts etc. Some popular choices that Sudanese individuals encourage everyone to try includes ful medamese, Medeeda, Gibna Bayda, Kajaik and many others.

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This ongoing and long lasting crisis consists of Sudanese women and children experiencing high rates of gender and equality violence which also consists of social exclusion. This is demonstrated to be one of the main leading problems in South Sudan. Statistics have represented that 52% of the countries population has been married as children. A vicious cycle of vulnerability, violence, and underdevelopment is fostered by this high percentage, which also has an extreame negative impact on the productivity, resilience, and health of those brave survivors. When discussing Sudanese women and children it is extremely hurtful as it seems impossible to minimize Gendre based violence.

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When discussing Sudanese health care and health issues. It brings me much sadness to enlighten you with the truth. Sudanese healthcare system is quite weak, which is devastating as no investments are being made to up lift their healthcare system. There are giant differences between urban/rural areas and rich and poor people. 8 million people that are under the age of 5, don't receive the necessary care needed to save their life and grow to be an adult. Ongoing that statistic 78,000 children again under the age of 5, lose their life each year due to diseases that could easily be prevented with the right care.

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Sudanese music has served as a ray of hope for many years. The incorporation of call-and-response voices, polyrhythms, and pentatonic scales incredibly influence the overall outcome of traditional Sudanese music. Sudanese music also makes extensive use of a variety of traditional instruments. People all around the country, including audiences in Egypt, and the Gulf States, have been moved by their incredible music taste. Sudan music has been described as well-liked and appreciated.

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Ingredients to make Asida (popular Sudanese cuisine)

2 cups (500g) sorghum flour

500–800ml water

2–3 tsp salt, to taste

1 tbsp yoghurt close to expiry, fermenting agent

1 tbsp oil, lubricating agent

Direction on how to make:

1. Mix sorghum flour with equal amount of water, add salt to taste and a tablespoon of expiring yoghurt then leave overnight to ferment.

2. The next day, test the degree of fermentation by tasting a small amount of the mixture. If the mixture tastes sharp and sour then the flour has fermented and the aseeda can be prepared as follows, if not, it may need more fermenting time.

3. Ensure the dough has the consistency of a relatively thin pancake mixture Plain flour or water can be added to help to optimise the consistency of the dough.

4. Bring approx. 500ml of water to the boil then pour the fermented aseeda mixture into the boiling water and mix well. The flour should cook and thicken over 5-10min to the correct consistency of aseeda, which should be as thick as porridge when heated in the pan, so that when it cools it’s consistency is like jelly.

5. Pour a tablespoon of oil into a deep bowl where the aseeda is intended to set. Pour onto the oil the cooked aseeda dough and allow cooling for 20-30mins.

6. Once the aseeda has cooled, turn over in a wider deep circular bowl then pour the mullah around the outside creating an island of asida around a moat of mullah.

7. Diners use a spoon to cut vertically into the outer edges of the aseeda that make contact with the mullah, as such having a spoonful of asida covered in mullah.

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5. Johnson, A. (2020). 10 Traditional Sudanese Foods Everyone Should Try. [online] Medmunch. Available at: https://medmunch.com/sudan-food/.

6. Spotify (2024). Spotify. [online] Spotify. Available at: https://open.spotify.com/.

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8. Hamid, M. (2022). The Top 10 Most Popular Foods in Sudan - Chef’s Pencil. [online] Chef’s Pencil. Available at: https://www.chefspencil.com/most-populaR-FOODS-IN-SUDAN [Accessed 28 Aug. 2024].