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In Sudanese culture, traditional medicine plays a vital role. Herbal remedies, spiritual healing, and natural elements like honey and black seed are frequently used. Spiritual healers, known as “Faki,” are often consulted for their healing abilities. People still practise FGM (female genital mutilation) in Sudan, resulting in many health complications for women. Polygamy is also practiced and is a sign of wealth.

In Australia, Sudanese refugees face challenges in continuing these practices because of the limited availability of the herbs and specialists to prepare them. Polygamy and FGM are illegal and not practiced in Australia, so education and understanding need to be considered. The unfamiliarity with the Australian health system and discomfort with being treated by doctors of the opposite gender can create mistrust. (Queensland Health, 2011).

Queensland Health. (2011). Community Profiles for Health Care Providers - Sudanese profile.

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Sudanese music is a mixture of African and Arab influences, using traditional instruments like the oud and tambour. Music plays an important role in celebrations and rituals. Genres range from folk to contemporary pop. Traditional music often features instruments like the oud, tambour, and drums, accompanied by rhythmic dances. Songs are a fundamental part of social and cultural events, conveying stories, history, and emotions. Modern Sudanese music incorporates genres of jazz, reggae, and hip-hop, highlighting the dynamic nature of Sudanese culture (El Mahdi, 2017).

El Mahdi, M. (2017). The Music of Sudan. Journal of African Music, 11(2), 45-58.

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Social Inclusion and Non-Discrimination for Sudanese Refugees

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Social Inclusion and Non-Discrimination for Sudanese Refugees

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Social inclusion and non-discrimination are important for Sudanese refugees arriving in Australia. Principles highlighted by the WHO ensure that refugees feel welcome and valued in their new community. Sudanese refugees' main concerns when assimilating into Australian communities are concerns for family members left in Sudan, difficulties finding employment, and difficulties adjusting to the Australian culture. Inclusive policies and practices help refugees integrate, access essential services, and build a sense of belonging. Non-discrimination prevents marginalization and promotes equality, allowing refugees to contribute positively to society. By fostering an inclusive environment, Australia can support the well-being and successful settlement of Sudanese and other refugees, enhancing their quality of life and community belonging (World Health Organization, 2020).

World Health Organization. (2020). Social determinants of health.

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Sudanese cuisine is diverse and flavorful. Staples like sorghum, millet, and wheat are, often prepared as flatbreads, kissra (a type of bread), or porridges and stews made from dried meat, peanut butter, and spices. Spices and herbs play a significant role in Sudanese cooking, adding depth and aroma to meals. Popular dishes include kawari (soup made from cow's hooves) and moukhbaza (banana paste); “ful medames” (stewed fava beans) and “kisra” (fermented bread) are enjoyed across the country. Sudanese enjoy communal eating practices (Travel Food Atlas, 2023).

Travel Food Atlas. (2023). Sudanese Food: 11 Must-Try Traditional Dishes of Sudan.

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Sudan is home to over 70 languages, with Arabic as the official language and English widely taught in schools. You’ll also hear languages like Dinka, Nuer, and Fur, which are spoken by the country’s diverse ethnic groups. For Sudanese refugees, when providing a translator, one must keep in mind that they may not prefer to use Arabic, as this language was (for many) forced upon them. A Sudanese-Arabic interpreter is required, as their dialects are very different from other Arabic dialects and may not be understood. At the same time, learning English is important for fitting in and accessing opportunities in Australia. Bilingual education and language support services can help bridge this gap, ensuring that refugees can assimilate into their new communities. (Queensland Health, 2011).

Queensland Health. (2011). Community Profiles for Health Care Providers - Sudanese profile.

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Applying Cultural Competency in Nursing 

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Applying Cultural Competency in Nursing 

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I aim to apply competency standard 1.1 in my nursing practice. This involves understanding the cultural backgrounds of Sudanese patients to provide respectful and effective care. By acknowledging their unique health beliefs and practices, I can build trust and improve health outcomes (Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice, 2019).

Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice. (2019). Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds competency standards framework for clinicians.

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Sudanese refugees often present with several health challenges upon arrival in Australia. Common issues include malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, female genital mutilation (FGM), infectious diseases like tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Syphilis and malaria. Mental health conditions such as PTSD and depression affect many refugees due to past trauma, long periods of displacement, and a vast cultural bridge. Treatment for PTSD includes culturally sensitive mental health support, counselling and therapy. Sudanese refugees need help to cope with their experiences and adapt to their new way of life. Access to healthcare services and comprehensive health screenings is essential to address these issues and promote well-being (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, 2018).

Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. (2018). Health assessment and management for people from refugee backgrounds. Retrieved from Refugee Health Guide