# data[].attributes.body
In Afghan culture, Hijama (cupping therapy) is a practice steeped in tradition and significance. Imagine a serene setting where an elder carefully applies cups to the skin, each creating a gentle suction. This process is believed to extract "bad blood" and toxins and is more than just a physical treatment—a symbolic act of purification. People turn to Hijama for relief from headaches, back pain, and even chronic conditions like arthritis. But its value extends beyond the physical; it’s a bridge between generations, preserving ancient healing wisdom while coexisting with modern medicine (Raja & Das, 2016).

This practice exemplifies the Afghan community's deep respect for traditional remedies, showing how cultural heritage and contemporary healthcare can blend harmoniously. Hijama is not just a treatment; it's a living tradition that embodies the Afghan belief in the interconnectedness of body, spirit, and cultural identity.

References

Natural Healing (2019) Hijama treatment? what & how?, Acupuncture.ae. Available at: https://www.uaeacupuncture.com/post/hijama-treatment-what-how

Raja, W. A., & Das, K. (2016). Traditional medicine of Afghan refugees: A blend of traditional Indian and Islamic systems of medicine. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 12(1), 1-10. DOI: 10.1186/s13002-016-0086-1

# data[].attributes.body
In Afghan culture, food is deeply intertwined with health and tradition. Afghan cuisine, rich with dishes like pilaf and kebabs, uses ingredients renowned for their health benefits. Turmeric, a common spice, is celebrated for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help reduce joint pain and support overall wellness. Cumin, another staple, aids digestion and improves nutrient absorption(Khan & Khan, 2020).

Meals are often prepared with a focus on balance, combining proteins, grains, and vegetables to ensure nutritional adequacy. The communal aspect of dining—sharing meals with family and friends—also contributes to emotional well-being, reinforcing social connections. This holistic approach to food underscores how Afghan culinary practices not only nourish the body but also foster community and cultural cohesion.

References

Khan, M. F., & Khan, A. (2020). Traditional Afghan cuisine: Nutritional value and cultural significance. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 7(1), 12-21.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jef.2019.12.002

Kvaratskhelia I. (October 23,2019). Kebab. Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/a-person-is-cooking-food-on-a-grill-okLhhXJlFaA

# data[].attributes.body
In Afghan culture, language profoundly influences health practices and beliefs. Dari and Pashto, the two primary languages, are essential for conveying traditional health wisdom. Dari, a variant of Persian, uses idioms like “Salamat Bashi” (be healthy) and “Khosh Hal” (be happy), reflecting a focus on well-being and emotional balance (Aziz & Shah, 2019). It is also rich in storytelling and poetry, embedding health advice in cultural narratives. Pashto, predominant in eastern and southern regions, includes expressions like “Da Shifa Da Tolo” (healing is the goal), emphasizing the cultural value of health. Pashto proverbs and songs often reference herbal remedies and traditional practices. These languages intertwine health with daily life, illustrating how cultural expressions shape and preserve health beliefs across generations.

Reference

Aziz, M. A., & Shah, H. A. (2019). Language, culture, and health: The role of Dari and Pashto in Afghan health practices. Journal of Cross-Cultural Medicine, 12(3), 213-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jccm.2019.03.004

# data[].attributes.body
Ramadan fasting is a deeply transformative practice in Afghan culture, intertwining spiritual reflection with physical health benefits. From dawn until dusk, Muslims abstain from food and drink, engaging in a period of self-discipline that goes beyond mere dietary restrictions. This ritual is seen as a profound cleansing for both body and soul.

Fasting encourages detoxification, giving the digestive system a much-needed break and potentially leading to improved metabolic health (Hassan & Al-Khalaf, 2020). It's also a time for heightened self-awareness and empathy, as individuals experience hunger and thirst, fostering a deeper connection with those who are less fortunate.

Beyond its physical benefits, Ramadan strengthens community bonds through shared rituals and collective prayers, reinforcing a sense of unity and spiritual growth. This practice underscores how faith and health converge, creating a holistic approach to well-being that enriches both the body and spirit.

Hassan, S. M., & Al-Khalaf, M. (2020).
The impact of Ramadan fasting on health and well-being: A review. Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture, 8(2), 45-58.
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jisc.20200802.12

Image-StudioKreativa (March 30, 2023). Young Muslim couple praying before eating stock photo. Unsplash. https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/young-muslim-couple-praying-before-eating-gm1476194454-505462100

# data[].attributes.body
Upon arriving in Australia, Afghan refugees often face mental health challenges due to trauma from war, violence, and displacement in Afghanistan (Australian Government,2020). Common conditions include PTSD, anxiety, and depression. The Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide emphasizes trauma-informed care to address these issues.

An effective, evidence-based treatment is psychological counselling, particularly trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). This approach helps refugees process traumatic experiences in a culturally sensitive environment, fostering trust and respect (Fazel, Von Hoebel, & Luntamo, 2018). The treatment typically involves regular therapy sessions, possibly with interpreters, and sometimes family support to enhance coping strategies. By offering this targeted support, Afghan refugees can rebuild their mental health and resilience as they start new lives in Australia (Australian Government, 2020).

Reference

Australian Government. (2020). Refugee health practice guide: A guide for health professionals. Australian Government Department of Health.
https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/refugee-health-practice-guide

Fazel, M., Von Hoebel, J., & Luntamo, T. (2018). Mental health in refugees: Clinical interventions and approaches. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(8), 720-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30267-2

Tug Y. (2023). Afghan Couple. Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/a-man-and-a-woman-standing-next-to-each-other-on-a-beach-Qa49zP2CUkM

# data[].attributes.headline
What can be done to improve refugee lives?

# data[].attributes.subject
What can be done to improve refugee lives?

# data[].attributes.body
Social inclusion is vital for Afghan refugees' health in Australia. Feeling welcomed and integrated into society boosts mental well-being, helping refugees access healthcare and education more effectively. Conversely, discrimination can worsen stress, anxiety, and physical health issues, amplifying the trauma many refugees have experienced. This exclusion often leads to poor health outcomes, such as weakened immune systems and delayed recovery (World Health Organization, 2014; Gulbas & Koinis-Mitchell, 2020). Cultural misunderstandings can also hinder access to appropriate care. Ensuring that Afghan refugees are embraced and supported is crucial for their health and successful adaptation to their new environment.

References

Gulbas, L. E., & Koinis-Mitchell, D. (2020).
Social Inclusion and Health Outcomes Among Refugee Populations.
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 22(1), 45-53.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-019-00964-3

World Health Organization. (2014). Social determinants of health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/

Yegidis, B. L., & Weaver, C. (2019). Cultural Competency in Health Care: Addressing Disparities and Improving Refugee Health.
Journal of Refugee Studies, 32(3), 317-335.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fey032

# data[].attributes.headline
How would I apply Domain 1 in my nursing practice?

# data[].attributes.subject
How would I apply Domain 1 in my nursing practice?

# data[].attributes.body
In my nursing practice, I will focus on competency standard 1.2, which emphasizes the importance of recognizing the impact of refugee-like experiences, including trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)(Australian Government, 2019). I strive to provide trauma-informed care by being mindful of the potential psychological scars my patients may carry. This approach will involve creating a safe and supportive environment, where I carefully assess their history and tailor my care to accommodate their unique experiences. By doing so, I aim to deliver compassionate, patient-centred care that respects their past while addressing their current health needs (Australian Government, 2019).

Reference

Australian Government. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds competency standards framework for clinicians.