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Social determinants: social inclusion and non-discrimination

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Social determinants: social inclusion and non-discrimination

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Sudanese came to Australia as refugees, fleeing war, in search of international protection (Refugee Council of Australia, 2018). However, they often face discrimination and social exclusion due to differences in culture, religion, language, and race (UNHCR, n.d.). During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in assaults and hate speech towards refugees, exacerbating their mental health issues (World Health Organisation, n.d.). It is crucial to support refugees in rebuilding their lives and connecting with Australian culture (UNHCR, n.d.). Solutions to reduce discrimination and conflict with local communities include improving their language skills, ensuring access to health services and education, and treating them as valued citizens (UNHCR, n.d.). These measures can help refugees recover from the trauma of displacement and poverty (UNHCR, n.d.).

Key facts on the conflict in South Sudan. (2018). Refugee Council of Australia. https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/south-sudan/#:~:text=Around%2024%2C000%20South%20Sudanese%20people,refugees%20had%20settled%20into%20Australia

Social Determinants of Health. (n.d.). World Health Organisation. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1; Social Inclusion of Refugees. (n.d.). UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/legacy-pdf/5fc126354.pdf)

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For me, the most relevant aspect of competency standard 1.2 was my experience as a carer working at aged care agency. I have developed my understanding of recognising the impact of refugee-like experiences. Having learned how to care for and communicate with refugees. Now I realise it is important to take these experiences into account for the nursing practices. These skills will be useful to me in the workplace because I can provide appropriate trauma-informed care for my refugee patients. Initially, I did not realise how the past experiences could impact their treatments. This is probably due to my lack of experience caring for refugees.

Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds. (2019). Migrant & Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. https://moodleprod.murdoch.edu.au/pluginfile.php/4119639/mod_resource/content/3/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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The use of plants for treating diseases remains significant in Sudan (AGYA, 2020). Adenium obesum, commonly known as the desert rose, is a well-known medicinal plant in Sudan (Hossain, M. A., 2018). It has been used for centuries to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, Adenium obesum is employed to treat skin diseases, venereal diseases, lice infestations, and decaying teeth (AGYA, 2020). Although Adenium obesum produces a toxic milky sap that can irritate the eyes and skin, it continues to play a crucial role in traditional medicine (AGYA, 2020). All parts of the Adenium obesum plant are utilised for various treatments (AGYA, 2020).

Traditional Sudanese Medicine for Modern Drug Development? (2020). AGYA. https://agya.info/research/research-projects-by-year/traditional-sudanese-medicine-for-modern-drug-development

Hossain, M. A. (2018). A review on Adenium obesum: A potential endemic medicinal plant in Oman. ELSEVIER. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2314853518302385

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Principle health issues that refugees confront

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Principle health issues that refugees confront

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Sudan is one of the countries in north-east Africa. Due to the escalating conflict between the South Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces, over 12 million people have been displaced (International Rescue Committee, 2024). Between 2014 and 2015, Australia received 145 refugees from South Sudan (Refugee Council of Australia, 2018).

Promoting health among refugees from these backgrounds is crucial. According to the Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, one common health issue among Sudanese refugees is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide). Refugees diagnosed with HIV require treatment with multiple antiretroviral drugs (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide). For those who are not diagnosed with HIV, it is essential to ensure they receive appropriate vaccinations (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide).

Key Facts on the Conflict in South Sudan. (2018). Refugee Council of Australia. Re https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/south-sudan/#:~:text=Around%2024%2C000%20South%20Sudanese%20people,refugees%20had%20settled%20into%20Australia)

Crisis in Sudan: What is happening and how to help. (2024). International Rescue Committee. https://www.rescue.org/article/crisis-sudan-what-happening-and-how-help#:~:text=Sudan%20is%20facing%20extreme%20levels,going%20days%20without%20any%20food)

Lemoh et al. (n.d.). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/hiv/

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Note: Sudan National Football Team To Play Zambia. (2018). Sudanow Magazine. https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?subId=22&Id=386

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Sudanese people have a strong passion for various sports, including wrestling, basketball, and swimming, among others (Topend Sport, n.d.). In Sudan, there are several prominent sports clubs, such as Al-Hilad, Al-Merreikh, and Morrada in Khartoum, which actively encourage and support sporting activities (Embassy of the Republic of the Sudan, n.d.). Football is the most popular sport in Sudan, with a rich history of achievements supported by both the public and the media. Football is widely enjoyed, and people, especially children, often gather to play games together (Topend Sport, n.d.). One notable achievement in Sudan's football history is hosting the African Cup of Nations in the past, which was a significant success for the country (Topend Sport, n.d.).

Embassy of the Republic of the Sudan. (n.d.). https://www.sudanembassy.nl/sport/#:~:text=Needless%20to%20say%2C%20football%20is,have%20their%20own%20sporting%20clubs

Sport in Sudan. (n.d.). Topend Sport.

https://www.topendsports.com/world/countries/sudan.htm#google_vignette

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Note: Hamid, M. (2022).The Top 10 Most Popular Foods in Sudan. Chef's Pencil. https://www.chefspencil.com/most-popular-foods-in-sudan/

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Sudanese cuisine is renowned for its stews and gravies, which feature unique tastes and textures. Sudanese people enjoy a variety of foods, including salads, rice, lime, peanuts, pastries, desserts, and breads (Eltigani & Habiballa, n.d.). Lamb and chicken are their preferred daily meats, although beef and fish are also consumed (Eltigani & Habiballa, n.d.). Kisra and mullah are popular seasonings in Sudan. These seasonings are believed to enhance the flavour of common dishes, making them more delicious and surprising to those who taste them (Eltigani & Habiballa, n.d.). Sudanese people deeply value their food culture, and sharing meals between passersby and hosts is a cultural practice that honours and celebrates their food customs (Eltigani & Habiballa, n.d.).

Eltigani, O., Habiballa, L. (n.d.). And in Sudan, A Famished Food Culture.

http://thirdrailquarterly.org/and-in-sudan-a-famished-food-culture/#:~:text=Sudanese%20cuisine%20consists%20of%20a,chicken%20are%20the%20preferred%20meats

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Note: Gordon, N. (2017). What Types of Clothes Do They Wear in Sudan?. OEL. https://oureverydaylife.com/what-types-of-clothes-do-they-wear-in-sudan-12079513.html

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 Traditional dress and Religion in Sudan

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 Traditional dress and Religion in Sudan

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The Sudanese typically wear loose-fitting, airy clothes to cope with the hot climate (Gordon, 2017). However, there are differences in dress codes between the northern and southern parts of Sudan due to religious practices (Gordon, 2017). In northern Sudan, where the predominant religion is Islam, both men and women adhere to a strict dress code as prescribed by Islamic law (Gordon, 2017). Women are required to cover their bodies and heads with a long, one-piece garment called a thawb, which can be either white or colourful (Gordon, 2017). In contrast, southern Sudanese, who predominantly follow Christianity, tend to prefer Western-style clothing in their daily lives (Gordon, 2017).

Gordon, N. (2017). What Types of Clothes Do They Wear in Sudan?. OEL. https://oureverydaylife.com/what-types-of-clothes-do-they-wear-in-sudan-12079513.html