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Jasmine Kaur, Diya Sharma, Sadia Mohammadi, Wafaa Alsarhan

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Jasmine Kaur, Diya Sharma, Sadia Mohammadi, Wafaa Alsarhan

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A branding iron is purchased to brand indigenous slaves. This shows how early colonizers (from Europe) were not just setting, but violently controlling and exploiting Indigenous people.

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Samuel de Champlain started the first French settlement in Quebec in 1608. Fewer than 100 settlers came at first. Relevance- This was the beginning of French colonization in Canada. It marked the start of settler control over indigenous lands.

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1665-1672 Jean talon Increases French Immigration

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1665-1672 Jean talon Increases French Immigration

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Jean talon, the leader in France, worked to bring more people from France. By 1672, the population grew to 6,000 settlers. Relevance- This showed how immigration was used to grow the colony and create permanent French Settlements in Canada

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1700s- French Create Indigenous Reservations

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1700s- French Create Indigenous Reservations

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The French made reservations for Indigenous people. They said it was to help them, but it was really to make them follow French Culture. This was the start of system that put European settlers about Indigenous people and tried to erase Indigenous ways of life.

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After the British defeated the French in 1759, they took control of New France in 1760. this changed who was in power. The French settlers became a local population, and the British became the new colonizers.

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Britain takes control of lands and tries to manage settlement. The Proclamation sets a line that European settlers should not cross, to protect some Indigenous lands west of the Appalachian mountains- but it is often ignored.

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After the American Revolution, about 40,000 Loyalists came to Canada. many went to Nova Scotia and Quebec. This was the first large group of political immigrants. It helped Britain grow its population in Canada.

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Governor John Simcoe wanted more settlers in Upper Canada. he brought in farmers from the U.S. These were called "Late Loyalists." These immigrants helped increase the British population and power in Canada, pushing out the French and Indigenous groups.

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1812- Selkirk Settlers the Red River Valley

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1812- Selkirk Settlers the Red River Valley

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Lord Selkirk brought Scottish settlers to the Red River Valley (near today's Winnipeg) to support trade. Immigration was used to help business and control western land. it also took land from Indigenous peoples.

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In 1847, during the Irish famine, about 110,000 Irish people came to Canada. many were poor and escaping hunger. This showed how problems in other countries pushed people to come to Canada. It added to Canada's labour force.

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1858- Chinese immigrants Arrive During Gold Rush

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1858- Chinese immigrants Arrive During Gold Rush

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In the 1850s, the first Chinese immigrants came to British Columbia during the Fraser Valley gold rush. This was the beginning of Chinese immigration. These workers faced racism and would later be targeted by unfair immigration laws.

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1860- Black Settlements in Ontario from Underground Railroad

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1860- Black Settlements in Ontario from Underground Railroad

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Between 1820 and 1860, many Black people came to Canada through the Underground Railroad to escape slavery. By 1860, around 50,000 lived in Upper Canada. Canada was a place of safety for some, but Black communities still faced racism. These immigrants often had fewer job opportunities.

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British Columbia becomes part of Canada, but no treaties are signed with Indigenous peoples. This allows even more settlers to move in and claim land that was never given up.

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Indigenous children are taken from their families to "assimilate" them. This is part of a larger policy to make room for settler culture and erase Indigenous identity.

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Legal ban on Indigenous Fundraising- Laws are passed to stop Indigenous peoples from raising money to defend their land rights. Meanwhile, Canada continues to allow settlers and newcomers to buy and farm land.

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1973- Nisga'a land Claim- the Courts begin to recognize the Indigenous land rights may still exist, even though settlers have been living on these lands for over a century. This challenges the idea that all land in Canada belongs to the government or settlers.