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AI replaced copywriter jobs.

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Eric Fein at his home in Bloomingdale, Ill. Fein lost many of his writing jobs to ChatGPT and plans to attend the College of DuPage technical school in the fall to study heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. (Taylor Glascock for The Washington Post)

When ChatGPT came out last November, Olivia Lipkin, a 25-year-old copywriter in San Francisco, didn't think too much about it. Then articles about how to use the chatbot on the job began appearing on internal Slack groups at the tech start-up where she worked as the company's only writer.
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Over the next few months, Lipkin's assignments dwindled. Managers began referring to her as "Olivia/ChatGPT" on Slack. In April, she was let go without explanation, but when she found managers writing about how using ChatGPT was cheaper than paying a writer, the reason for her layoff seemed clear.

"Whenever people brought up ChatGPT, I felt insecure and anxious that it would replace me," she said. "Now I actually had proof that it was true, that those anxieties were warranted and now I was actually out of a job because of AI."
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Some economists predict artificial intelligence technology like ChatGPT could replace hundreds of millions of jobs, in a cataclysmic reorganization of the workforce mirroring the industrial revolution.

For some workers, this impact is already here. Those who write marketing and social media content are in the first wave of people being replaced with tools such as chatbots, which are seemingly able to produce plausible alternatives to their work.

Experts say that even advanced AI doesn't match the writing skills of a human: It lacks personal voice and style, and it often churns out wrong, nonsensical or biased answers. But for many companies, the cost-cutting is worth a drop in quality.

"We're really in a crisis point," said Sarah T. Roberts, an associate professor at the University of California in Los Angeles specializing in digital labor. "[AI] is coming for the jobs that were supposed to be automation-proof."

See why AI like ChatGPT has gotten so good, so fast

Artificial intelligence has rapidly increased in quality over the past year, giving rise to chatbots that can hold fluid conversations, write songs and produce computer code. In a rush to mainstream the technology, Silicon Valley companies are pushing these products to millions of users and - for now - often offering them free.

AI and algorithms have been a part of the working world for decades. For years, consumer-product companies, grocery stores and warehouse logistics firms have used predictive algorithms and robots with AI-fueled vision systems to help make business decisions, automate some rote tasks and manage inventory. Industrial plants and factories have been dominated by robots for much of the 20th century, and countless office tasks have been replaced by software.

But the recent wave of generative artificial intelligence - which uses complex algorithms trained on billions of words and images from the open internet to produce text, images and audio - has the potential for a new stage of disruption. The technology's ability to churn out human-sounding prose puts highly paid knowledge workers in the crosshairs for replacement, experts said.

Reporter Danielle Abril tests columnist Geoffrey A. Fowler to see if he can tell the difference between an email written by her or ChatGPT. (Video: Monica Rodman/The Washington Post)

"In every previous automation threat, the automation was about automating the hard, dirty, repetitive jobs," said Ethan Mollick, an associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business. "This time, the automation threat is aimed squarely at the highest-earning, most creative jobs that ... require the most educational background."

In March, Goldman Sachs predicted that 18 percent of work worldwide could be automated by AI, with white-collar workers such as lawyers at more risk than those in trades such as construction or maintenance. "Occupations for which a significant share of workers' time is spent outdoors or performing physical labor cannot be automated by AI," the report said.

The White House also sounded the alarm, saying in a December report that "AI has the potential to automate 'nonroutine' tasks, exposing large new swaths of the workforce to potential disruption."

ChatGPT "hallucinates." Some researchers worry it isn't fixable.

But Mollick said it's too early to gauge how disruptive AI will be to the workforce. He noted that jobs such as copywriting, document translation and transcription, and paralegal work are particularly at risk, because they include tasks that are easily done by chatbots. High-level legal analysis, creative writing or art may not be as easily replaceable, he said, because humans still outperform AI in those areas.

"Think of AI as generally acting as a high-end intern," he said. "Jobs that are mostly designed as entry-level jobs to break you into a field where you do something kind of useful, but it's also sort of a steppingstone to the next level - those are thekinds of jobs under threat."

Eric Fein ran his content-writing business for 10 years, charging $60 an hour to write everything from 150-word descriptions of bath mats to website copy for cannabis companies. The 34-year-old from Bloomingdale, Ill., built a steady business with 10 ongoing contracts, which made up half of his annual income and provided a comfortable life for his wife and 2-year-old son.

But in March, Fein received a note from his largest client: His services would no longer be needed because the company would be transitioning to ChatGPT. One by one, Fein's nine other contracts were canceled for the same reason. His entire copywriting business was gone nearly overnight.

"It wiped me out," Fein said. He urged his clients to reconsider, warning that ChatGPT couldn't write content with his level of creativity, technical precision and originality. He said his clients understood that, but they told him it was far cheaper to use ChatGPT than to pay him his hourly wage.

Fein was rehired by one of his clients, who wasn't pleased with ChatGPT's work. But it isn't enough to sustain him and his family, who have a little over six months of financial runway before they run out of money.

Now, Fein has decided to pursue a job that AI can't do, and he has enrolled in courses to become an HVAC technician. Next year, he plans to train to become a plumber.

"A trade is more future-proof," he said.

The debate over whether AI will destroy us is dividing Silicon Valley

Companies that replaced workers with chatbots have faced high-profile stumbles. When the technology news site CNET used artificial intelligence to write articles, the results were riddled with errors and resulted in lengthy corrections. A lawyer who relied on ChatGPT for a legal brief cited numerous fictitious cases. And the National Eating Disorders Association, which laid off people staffing its helpline and reportedly replaced them with a chatbot, suspended its use of the technology after it doled out insensitive and harmful advice.

Roberts said that chatbots can produce costly errors and that companies rushing to incorporate ChatGPT into operations are "jumping the gun." Because they work by predicting the most statistically likely word in a sentence, they churn out average content by design. That provides companies with a tough decision, she said: quality vs. cost.

"We have to ask: Is a facsimile good enough? Is imitation good enough? Is that all we care about?" she said. "We're going to lower the measure of quality, and to what end? So the company owners and shareholders can take a bigger piece of the pie?"

Lipkin, the copywriter who discovered she'd been replaced by ChatGPT, is reconsidering office work altogether. She initially got into content marketing so that she could support herself while she pursued her own creative writing. But she found the job burned her out and made it hard to write for herself. Now, she's starting a job as a dog walker.

"I'm totally taking a break from the office world," Lipkin said. "People are looking for the cheapest solution, and that's not a person - that's a robot."

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ChatGPT took their jobs. Now they walk dogs and fix air conditioners.

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Meet the people who have already lost their jobs to AI.

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#2 Scammers use AI voice pretending to be family.

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#2 Scammers use AI voice pretending to be family.

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Scammers use what's called a "deep fake voice" to act as family or friends and be able to play as a daughter or friend creating a fake situation such as your car breaking down or being put in jail and ask for money

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Think you could tell the difference between your loved one and a bot?

AI deep fakes are getting better by the day, and all the information we share online is helping scammers. They can use the technology to impersonate loved ones.

"Deep fakes are critical. Even with limited tech knowledge, people can use AI to replicate someone else for a variety of reasons," Los Angeles Assistant FBI Director Don Alway said.

Scammers can use fake voices that sound just like friends and family in trouble. They use the deep fakes to ask for money. And the more information they have about you, the easier it is.

"Many of us have our voices on the internet and it is easy to replicate, so the only way to verify is to hang up and call that family member back and verify their status and get law enforcement involved immediately," Alway said.

Another safety step, create a password with loved ones you can share if a scammer strikes.

But, most importantly, limit the information you are sharing online, especially if you are heading out of town.

"It is like putting a sign in front of your house saying, 'We are not home.' We would not do that in the real world, yet we are comfortable doing it in the social media space," Alway said.

Another fear for law enforcement, AI can create its own computer code, which can be used to send fake emails. It is a big worry that has experts warning the public to be careful what you click on.
Join us every weekday morning on Eyewitness News at 5 a.m. for our new segment, ABC7 On Your Side. John Gregory has you covered on money-saving tips, including tricks to save on your bills, smart negotiating tactics, plus where you can score free stuff!

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Scammers can use AI deep fakes to impersonate loved ones, get money

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It is creating all the big tech buzz, AI has a lot of people excited, including crooks using deep fakes to impersonate loved ones.

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#3 Snapchat implementing AI and users having concerns

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#3 Snapchat implementing AI and users having concerns

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Some users describe the interaction as creepy or unsettling.

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computer science and information technology

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Snapchat users freak out over AI bot that had a mind of its own | CNN Business

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Snapchat users were alarmed on Tuesday night when the platform's artificial intelligence chatbot posted a live update to its profile and stopped responding to messages.

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#4 People use ChatGPT and AI for everything

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#4 People use ChatGPT and AI for everything

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People use ChatGPT for not just for writing essays in school but also for asking what a good gift would be for his girlfriend, or asking to make art for art class.

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Rebekah Davidson, 23, was surprised by how chatty her chatbot could be.

She onceasked My AI about some historical figures and then, out of curiosity, what it thought of the character Albus Dumbledore from the Harry Potter series.

That opened up a whole can of worms, she said. The Macon, Ga., native disagreed with the bot's response that the wizard was a complex character who might not always be right but served as a symbol of hope and courage.When she wrote that she didn't think some of Dumbledore's actions were justified, the chatbot responded with comments such as, "I can see why you might feel that way" or, "That's a good point."

"Hold up," she thought, "this is like an actual human is talking to me."

"I was weirded out that it seemed to try to validate my opinion," she said, "while also trying to point out why it disagreed with me."

Another time, Davidson, who just graduated from the University of Arkansas at Little Rock with a bachelor's degree in history, typed into My AI that she was feeling kind of down. At the time, she didn't want to burden family or friends, she said.

The chatbot "replied something like: 'I'm sorry to hear that. How can I help?'"

The question was not entirely unwelcome. There might be a future for AI in mental health, she said, for introverted people who may feel more comfortable talking to a chatbot than a human. "I could definitely see the appeal."

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All the unexpected ways ChatGPT is infiltrating students' lives

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Rebekah Davidson, 23, was surprised by how chatty her chatbot could be. She onceasked My AI about some historical figures and then, out of curiosity, what it thought of the character Albus Dumbledore from the Harry Potter series. That opened up a whole can of worms, she said.

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Deep fakes, Privacy concerns, Uncontrollable self- aware AI

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As AI grows more sophisticated and widespread, the voices warning against the potential dangers of artificial intelligence grow louder.

"These things could get more intelligent than us and could decide to take over, and we need to worry now about how we prevent that happening," said Geoffrey Hinton, known as the "Godfather of AI" for his foundational work on machine learning and neural network algorithms. In 2023, Hinton left his position at Google so that he could " talk about the dangers of AI," noting a part of him even regrets his life's work.

The renowned computer scientist isn't alone in his concerns.

Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk, along with over 1,000 other tech leaders, urged in a 2023 open letter to put a pause on large AI experiments, citing that the technology can "pose profound risks to society and humanity."

12 Dangers of AI

Questions about who's developing AI and for what purposes make it all the more essential to understand its potential downsides. Below we take a closer look at the possible dangers of artificial intelligence and explore how to manage its risks.

1. Lack of AI Transparency and Explainability

2. Job Losses Due to AI Automation

AI-powered job automation is a pressing concern as the technology is adopted in industries like marketing, manufacturing and healthcare. By 2030, tasks that account for up to 30 percent of hours currently being worked in the U.S. economy could be automated - with Black and Hispanic employees left especially vulnerable to the change - according to McKinsey. Goldman Sachs even states 300 million full-time jobs could be lost to AI automation.

"The reason we have a low unemployment rate, which doesn't actually capture people that aren't looking for work, is largely that lower-wage service sector jobs have been pretty robustly created by this economy," futurist Martin Ford told Built In. With AI on the rise, though, "I don't think that's going to continue."

"If you're flipping burgers at McDonald's and more automation comes in, is one of these new jobs going to be a good match for you?" Ford said. "Or is it likely that the new job requires lots of education or training or maybe even intrinsic talents - really strong interpersonal skills or creativity - that you might not have? Because those are the things that, at least so far, computers are not very good at."

Even professions that require graduate degrees and additional post-college training aren't immune to AI displacement.

As technology strategist Chris Messina has pointed out, fields like law and accounting are primed for an AI takeover. In fact, Messina said, some of them may well be decimated. AI already is having a significant impact on medicine. Law and accounting are next, Messina said, the former being poised for "a massive shakeup."

"Think about the complexity of contracts, and really diving in and understanding what it takes to create a perfect deal structure," he said in regards to the legal field. "It's a lot of attorneys reading through a lot of information - hundreds or thousands of pages of data and documents. It's really easy to miss things. So AI that has the ability to comb through and comprehensively deliver the best possible contract for the outcome you're trying to achieve is probably going to replace a lot of corporate attorneys."

3. Social Manipulation Through AI Algorithms

Social manipulation also stands as a danger of artificial intelligence. This fear has become a reality as politicians rely on platforms to promote their viewpoints, with one example being Ferdinand Marcos, Jr., wielding a TikTok troll army to capture the votes of younger Filipinos during the Philippines' 2022 election.

TikTok, which is just one example of a social media platform that relies on AI algorithms, fills a user's feed with content related to previous media they've viewed on the platform. Criticism of the app targets this process and the algorithm's failure to filter out harmful and inaccurate content, raising concerns over TikTok's ability to protect its users from misleading information.

"No one knows what's real and what's not," Ford said. "So it really leads to a situation where you literally cannot believe your own eyes and ears; you can't rely on what, historically, we've considered to be the best possible evidence... That's going to be a huge issue."

4. Social Surveillance With AI Technology

In addition to its more existential threat, Ford is focused on the way AI will adversely affect privacy and security. A prime example is China's use of facial recognition technology in offices, schools and other venues. Besides tracking a person's movements, the Chinese government may be able to gather enough data to monitor a person's activities, relationships and political views.

Another example is U.S. police departments embracing predictive policing algorithms to anticipate where crimes will occur. The problem is that these algorithms are influenced by arrest rates, which disproportionately impact Black communities. Police departments then double down on these communities, leading to over-policing and questions over whether self-proclaimed democracies can resist turning AI into an authoritarian weapon.

"Authoritarian regimes use or are going to use it," Ford said. "The question is, How much does it invade Western countries, democracies, and what constraints do we put on it?"

5. Lack of Data Privacy Using AI Tools

If you've played around with an AI chatbot or tried out an AI face filter online, your data is being collected - but where is it going and how is it being used? AI systems often collect personal data to customize user experiences or to help train the AI models you're using (especially if the AI tool is free). Data may not even be considered secure from other users when given to an AI system, as one bug incident that occurred with ChatGPT in 2023 " allowed some users to see titles from another active user's chat history." While there are laws present to protect personal information in some cases in the United States, there is no explicit federal law that protects citizens from data privacy harm experienced by AI.

6. Biases Due to AI

Various forms of AI bias are detrimental too. Speaking to the New York Times, Princeton computer science professor Olga Russakovsky said AI bias goes well beyond gender and race. In addition to data and algorithmic bias (the latter of which can "amplify" the former), AI is developed by humans - and humans are inherently biased.

"A.I. researchers are primarily people who are male, who come from certain racial demographics, who grew up in high socioeconomic areas, primarily people without disabilities," Russakovsky said. "We're a fairly homogeneous population, so it's a challenge to think broadly about world issues."

The limited experiences of AI creators may explain why speech-recognition AI often fails to understand certain dialects and accents, or why companies fail to consider the consequences of a chatbot impersonating notorious figures in human history. Developers and businesses should exercise greater care to avoid recreating powerful biases and prejudices that put minority populations at risk.

7. Socioeconomic Inequality as a Result of AI

Sweeping claims that AI has somehow overcome social boundaries or created more jobs fail to paint a complete picture of its effects. It's crucial to account for differences based on race, class and other categories. Otherwise, discerning how AI and automation benefit certain individuals and groups at the expense of others becomes more difficult.

8. Weakening Ethics and Goodwill Because of AI

Along with technologists, journalists and political figures, even religious leaders are sounding the alarm on AI's potential pitfalls. In a 2023 Vatican meeting and in his message for the 2024 World Day of Peace, Pope Francis called for nations to create and adopt a binding international treaty that regulates the development and use of AI.

Pope Francis warned against AI's ability to be misused, and "create statements that at first glance appear plausible but are unfounded or betray biases." He stressed how this could bolster campaigns of disinformation, distrust in communications media, interference in elections and more - ultimately increasing the risk of "fueling conflicts and hindering peace."

The rapid rise of generative AI tools gives these concerns more substance. Many users have applied the technology to get out of writing assignments, threatening academic integrity and creativity. Plus, biased AI could be used to determine whether an individual is suitable for a job, mortgage, social assistance or political asylum, producing possible injustices and discrimination, noted Pope Francis.

"The unique human capacity for moral judgment and ethical decision-making is more than a complex collection of algorithms," he said. "And that capacity cannot be reduced to programming a machine."

9. Autonomous Weapons Powered By AI

As is too often the case, technological advancements have been harnessed for the purpose of warfare. When it comes to AI, some are keen to do something about it before it's too late: In a 2016 open letter, over 30,000 individuals, including AI and robotics researchers, pushed back against the investment in AI-fueled autonomous weapons.

"The key question for humanity today is whether to start a global AI arms race or to prevent it from starting," they wrote. "If any major military power pushes ahead with AI weapon development, a global arms race is virtually inevitable, and the endpoint of this technological trajectory is obvious: autonomous weapons will become the Kalashnikovs of tomorrow."

This prediction has come to fruition in the form of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems, which locate and destroy targets on their own while abiding by few regulations. Because of the proliferation of potent and complex weapons, some of the world's most powerful nations have given in to anxieties and contributed to a tech cold war.

Many of these new weapons pose major risks to civilians on the ground, but the danger becomes amplified when autonomous weapons fall into the wrong hands. Hackers have mastered various types of cyber attacks, so it's not hard to imagine a malicious actor infiltrating autonomous weapons and instigating absolute armageddon.

If political rivalries and warmongering tendencies are not kept in check, artificial intelligence could end up being applied with the worst intentions. Some fear that, no matter how many powerful figures point out the dangers of artificial intelligence, we're going to keep pushing the envelope with it if there's money to be made.

"The mentality is, 'If we can do it, we should try it; let's see what happens," Messina said. "'And if we can make money off it, we'll do a whole bunch of it.' But that's not unique to technology. That's been happening forever.'"

10. Financial Crises Brought About By AI Algorithms

The financial industry has become more receptive to AI technology's involvement in everyday finance and trading processes. As a result, algorithmic trading could be responsible for our next major financial crisis in the markets.

While AI algorithms aren't clouded by human judgment or emotions, they also don't take into account contexts, the interconnectedness of markets and factors like human trust and fear. These algorithms then make thousands of trades at a blistering pace with the goal of selling a few seconds later for small profits. Selling off thousands of trades could scare investors into doing the same thing, leading to sudden crashes and extreme market volatility.

Instances like the 2010 Flash Crash and the Knight Capital Flash Crash serve as reminders of what could happen when trade-happy algorithms go berserk, regardless of whether rapid and massive trading is intentional.

11. Loss of Human Influence

12. Uncontrollable Self-Aware AI

There also comes a worry that AI will progress in intelligence so rapidly that it will become sentient, and act beyond humans' control - possibly in a malicious manner. Alleged reports of this sentience have already been occurring, with one popular account being from a former Google engineer who stated the AI chatbot LaMDA was sentient and speaking to him just as a person would. As AI's next big milestones involve making systems with artificial general intelligence, and eventually artificial superintelligence, cries to completely stop these developments continue to rise.

How to Mitigate the Risks of AI

AI still has numerous benefits, like organizing health data and powering self-driving cars. To get the most out of this promising technology, though, some argue that plenty of regulation is necessary.

"There's a serious danger that we'll get [AI systems] smarter than us fairly soon and that these things might get bad motives and take control," Hinton told NPR. "This isn't just a science fiction problem. This is a serious problem that's probably going to arrive fairly soon, and politicians need to be thinking about what to do about it now."

Develop Legal Regulations

AI regulation has been a main focus for dozens of countries, and now the U.S. and European Union are creating more clear-cut measures to manage the rising sophistication of artificial intelligence. In fact, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) published the AI Bill of Rights in 2022, a document outlining to help responsibly guide AI use and development. Additionally, President Joe Biden issued an executive order in 2023 requiring federal agencies to develop new rules and guidelines for AI safety and security.

Although legal regulations mean certain AI technologies could eventually be banned, it doesn't prevent societies from exploring the field.

Ford argues that AI is essential for countries looking to innovate and keep up with the rest of the world.

"You regulate the way AI is used, but you don't hold back progress in basic technology. I think that would be wrong-headed and potentially dangerous," Ford said. "We decide where we want AI and where we don't; where it's acceptable and where it's not. And different countries are going to make different choices."

Establish Organizational AI Standards and Discussions

On a company level, there are many steps businesses can take when integrating AI into their operations. Organizations can develop processes for monitoring algorithms, compiling high-quality data and explaining the findings of AI algorithms. Leaders could even make AI a part of their company culture and routine business discussions, establishing standards to determine acceptable AI technologies.

Guide Tech With Humanities Perspectives

Though when it comes to society as a whole, there should be a greater push for tech to embrace the diverse perspectives of the humanities. Stanford University AI researchers Fei-Fei Li and John Etchemendy make this argument in a 2019 blog post that calls for national and global leadership in regulating artificial intelligence:

"The creators of AI must seek the insights, experiences and concerns of people across ethnicities, genders, cultures and socio-economic groups, as well as those from other fields, such as economics, law, medicine, philosophy, history, sociology, communications, human-computer-interaction, psychology, and Science and Technology Studies (STS)."

Balancing high-tech innovation with human-centered thinking is an ideal method for producing responsible AI technology and ensuring the future of AI remains hopeful for the next generation. The dangers of artificial intelligence should always be a topic of discussion, so leaders can figure out ways to wield the technology for noble purposes.

"I think we can talk about all these risks, and they're very real," Ford said. "But AI is also going to be the most important tool in our toolbox for solving the biggest challenges we face."

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12 Dangers of Artificial Intelligence (AI) | Built In

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Artificial intelligence has potential, but the dangers of AI have grabbed more attention in recent years. Check out 12 dangers of artificial intelligence.

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"“Whenever people brought up ChatGPT, I felt insecure and anxious that it would replace me,” she said. “Now I actually had proof that it was true, that those anxieties were warranted and now I was actually out of a job because of AI.”"

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"It lacks personal voice and style, and it often churns out wrong, nonsensical or biased answers. But for many companies, the cost-cutting is worth a drop in quality."

# data[].attributes.body
"Scammers can use fake voices that sound just like friends and family in trouble. They use the deep fakes to ask for money. And the more information they have about you, the easier it is."

# data[].attributes.body
"Many of us have our voices on the internet and it is easy to replicate, so the only way to verify is to hang up and call that family member back and verify their status and get law enforcement involved immediately,"

# data[].attributes.body
"Turns out, this wasn’t Snapchat working to make its My AI tool even more realistic. The company told CNN on Wednesday it was a glitch."

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"The app’s fans were quick to share their concerns on social media. “Why does My AI have a video of the wall and ceiling in their house as their story?” wrote one user. “This is very weird and honestly unsettling.” Another user wrote after the tool ignored his messages: “Even a robot ain’t got time for me.”

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"such as checking his analysis of the important points of dense court cases he was reading in political science classes — but found it would sometimes just make up information."

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“Hold up,” she thought, “this is like an actual human is talking to me.”

“I was weirded out that it seemed to try to validate my opinion,” she said, “while also trying to point out why it disagreed with me.”

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"This leads to a lack of transparency for how and why AI comes to its conclusions, creating a lack of explanation for what data AI algorithms use, or why they may make biased or unsafe decisions."

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"By 2030, tasks that account for up to 30 percent of hours currently being worked in the U.S. economy could be automated — with Black and Hispanic employees left especially vulnerable to the change"

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"Even professions that require graduate degrees and additional post-college training aren’t immune to AI displacement."

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"A prime example is China’s use of facial recognition technology in offices, schools and other venues. Besides tracking a person’s movements, the Chinese government may be able to gather enough data to monitor a person’s activities, relationships and political views. "

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Source E

Baer, Drake. “Here’s When Artificial Intelligence Could Go From Helpful To Scary.” Business Insider. 29 May 2015.

Web. 14 Oct. 2015.

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From that point on, computer intelligence will supplant human intelligence as the smartest on Earth.

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And suddenly, humans won't be so necessary any more.

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"He asked ChatGPT to refine ideas for a topic for a Model United Nations event he was helping to plan, but it provided some facts that were glaringly wrong"

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AI makes things up

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Chatbots May ‘Hallucinate’ More Often Than Many Realize

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When summarizing facts, ChatGPT technology makes things up about 3 percent of the time, according to research from a new start-up. A Google system’s rate was 27 percent.

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chatbots invent information at least 3 percent of the time — and as high as 27 percent.

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"but it is a serious issue for anyone using this technology with court documents, medical information or sensitive business data."