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Car phones were early mobile phones installed permanently in vehicles, mainly used for calls. They declined with the rise of smaller, more affordable mobile phones, which offer greater portability and functionality. Mobile phones, or smartphones, are handheld devices that use cellular networks for calls, texts, internet access, and a wide range of other functions, playing a crucial role in modern communication and daily life.

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Joseph Engelberger co-founded Unimation in 1956, the world's first robotics company. Unimation introduced the Unimate in 1961, the first industrial robot used for manufacturing tasks like welding and assembly. Engelberger's pioneering work revolutionized industries worldwide, ushering in the era of industrial robotics.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to computer systems that can perform tasks requiring human-like intelligence, such as learning from data, recognizing patterns, and making decisions. AI technologies include machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision, among others. AI applications range from speech recognition and image recognition to autonomous vehicles and medical diagnosis. The goal of AI is to create intelligent machines that can perceive their environment and perform tasks autonomously.

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The internet is a global network connecting millions of computers and devices worldwide. It allows users to access and share information, communicate, shop, and collaborate from anywhere with an internet connection. Key components include network infrastructure, protocols like TCP/IP, the World Wide Web, email, file transfer protocols, search engines, social media, and e-commerce platforms. The internet has revolutionized communication, commerce, education, and entertainment, empowering individuals and businesses while fostering global connectivity and collaboration.

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Charles Rosen led the development of "Shakey" at the Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s. "Shakey" was one of the first mobile robots, demonstrating the integration of AI with robotics. Equipped with sensors, it could perceive its environment, navigate, and manipulate objects. Rosen's work with Shakey marked a significant milestone in robotics and AI research.

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1965 The "Early Bird" Communication Satellite

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1965 The "Early Bird" Communication Satellite

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"Early Bird," also known as Intelsat I, was the first commercial communications satellite launched on April 6, 1965. Built by Hughes Aircraft Company, it revolutionized global telecommunications by enabling live TV broadcasts, phone calls, and data transmissions between continents. Positioned in geostationary orbit, it provided continuous coverage over large areas. Its success marked the beginning of the commercial satellite communications industry, facilitating long-distance communication and connecting people globally.

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Paul Lauterbur pioneered MRI technology by using magnetic field gradients to create detailed images of the human body. His work revolutionized medical diagnostics and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2003.

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A personal computer (PC) is a versatile computing device designed for individual use, offering functionalities such as word processing, internet browsing, gaming, and multimedia playback. Key components include the central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), storage, input and output devices, operating system, and peripheral devices. PCs come in various form factors, including desktops, laptops, and all-in-one PCs, and can run a wide range of software applications. They have become essential tools for communication, productivity, entertainment, and creativity in today's digital age.

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Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA in 1977 as part of the Voyager program. It was designed to study the outer planets of the solar system, including Jupiter and Saturn, as well as their moons and magnetic fields. Voyager 1 is one of the farthest human-made objects from Earth and has ventured beyond our solar system into interstellar space. It continues to send back valuable data about the space environment beyond the influence of the Sun.

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides precise location and timing information worldwide. It works by using signals from satellites to calculate distances, allowing GPS receivers to determine their exact position on Earth. Originally developed for military use, GPS is now widely used in civilian applications such as navigation, mapping, and timing synchronization. It has revolutionized how we find our way and track locations with accuracy and reliability.

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Columbia was the first space shuttle orbiter built by NASA as part of the Space Shuttle program. It was named after the first American vessel to circumnavigate the globe. Columbia's maiden flight, STS-1, took place on April 12, 1981, marking the beginning of the Space Shuttle era. Columbia completed 27 missions before tragically disintegrating during re-entry on February 1, 2003, leading to the loss of all seven crew members aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster (STS-107).

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Morton Meyerson is a business executive known for founding Perot Systems Corporation in 1988, a major player in the outsourcing industry. Under his leadership, the company provided IT outsourcing services, helping businesses worldwide improve efficiency and reduce costs.

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The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space-based observatory launched by NASA in 1990. It orbits Earth, capturing high-resolution images and data from the cosmos. Equipped with advanced optics and scientific instruments, Hubble observes a wide range of celestial objects, contributing to groundbreaking discoveries in astrophysics. Over its three-decade lifespan, Hubble has revolutionized our understanding of the universe and inspired public interest in astronomy.

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Online colleges offer degree programs that can be completed entirely via the internet. Students can access lectures, assignments, and other course materials remotely, allowing for flexible scheduling and learning from anywhere with an internet connection. These institutions often provide a wide range of programs and courses, catering to various educational needs and preferences. Additionally, online colleges may offer support services such as online tutoring, academic advising, and tech support to assist students throughout their educational journey.

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Mars rovers are robotic vehicles designed by space agencies to explore the Martian surface. Equipped with cameras, scientific instruments, and mobility systems, these rovers study the geology, climate, and potential habitability of Mars. They communicate with Earth via orbiters, navigate autonomously, and collect samples for analysis. Mars rovers play a vital role in advancing our understanding of Mars and its potential for life.

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The Roomba is an autonomous robotic vacuum cleaner developed by iRobot. It navigates and cleans floors using sensors and algorithms, with features like rotating brushes and a dirt bin for efficient cleaning. It offers convenience and automation for homeowners seeking to maintain clean floors with minimal effort.

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Smartphones are handheld mobile devices that combine the functionality of a mobile phone with that of a computer. They offer a wide range of features beyond basic calling and texting, including internet access, email, social media, multimedia playback, navigation, and mobile apps. Smartphones typically have touchscreens for user interaction and run on operating systems such as iOS (Apple), Android (Google), or others. They have become ubiquitous in modern society, serving as essential communication tools and personal assistants for individuals and businesses alike.