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FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, CONSTRUCTION AND

ENVIRONMENT

CAREER IN AUDIOVISUAL PRODUCTION BACHELOR WITH

EMPHASIS IN RADIO AND TV

ENGLISH IV

Authors: Tatiana Caballero 4-785-2267

Nazaret Brown 8-870-1695

Nayelis Vega 4-827-1843

Juan López 8-960-2165

Tutor: Elizabeth Delgado

Panamá, march 31, 2024

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In today's globalized world, mastering the English language has become an invaluable skill, especially in the realm of commerce and consumption. One of the everyday aspects where English proficiency is crucial is when buying clothes. From interacting with salespeople to understanding labels and product descriptions, specific vocabulary related to fashion is essential.

This work aims to delve into the vocabulary used when buying clothes in English. We will explore relevant terms for describing clothing items, sizes, colors, and materials, as well as common expressions used in the context of shopping.

Additionally, we will study the use of the past simple tense in English, as it is an essential grammatical tool for recounting past experiences, such as past clothing purchases.

Throughout this work, we will also examine the catalogs commonly found in clothing stores, analyzing how they are structured and how they are used to facilitate the shopping experience.

With a solid understanding of this vocabulary and grammatical structures, students will be able to navigate confidently in English fashion shopping environments, thereby expanding their language skills and their ability to interact in an increasingly interconnected world.

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The simple past tense in English, also known as the "past simple," is used to describe actions or events that occurred and were completed at a specific time in the past. It is generally formed by adding "-ed" to the end of regular verbs, while irregular verbs have specific forms for the simple past.

Examples:

1. She tried on several pairs of jeans before finding the right fit.

2. We looked at different styles of jackets, but none of them were what we wanted.

3. The salesperson helped me find a suit for the wedding.

The simple past is used to narrate actions or events that have already happened and are not occurring in the present moment. It is one of the most common verb forms in English and is employed in a variety of contexts, from informal conversations to more formal writing narratives.

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Here is a useful vocabulary you can use when going shopping.

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Clothing

Shirt (Camisa)

Blouse (Blusa)

T-shirt (Camiseta)

Dress (Vestido)

Skirt (Falda)

Pants/Trousers (Pantalones)

Jeans (Vaqueros)

Shorts (Pantalones cortos)

Jacket (Chaqueta)

Coat (Abrigo)

Sweater/Jumper (Suéter)

Accessories

Hat (Sombrero)

Cap (Gorra)

Scarf (Bufanda)

Gloves (Guantes)

Belt (Cinturón)

Sunglasses (Gafas de sol)

Jewelry (Joyas)

Watch (Reloj)

Sizes and measurements

Size (Talla)

Small (Pequeño)

Medium (Mediano)

Large (Grande)

Extra Large (Extra grande)

Colors

Black (Negro)

White (Blanco)

Blue (Azul)

Red (Rojo)

Green (Verde)

Yellow (Amarillo)

Pink (Rosa)

Purple (Morado)

Brown (Marrón)

Grey (Gris)

Orange (Naranja)

Payment

Cash (Efectivo)

Credit card (Tarjeta de crédito)

Debit card (Tarjeta de débito)

Receipt (Recibo)

Price (Precio)

Discount (Descuento)

Total (Total)

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Here we leave you a vocabulary for leisure activities.

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Fishing

Fishing rod: Caña de pescar

Fishing reel: Carrete de pesca

Fishing line: Línea de pesca

Hook: Anzuelo

Bait: Cebo

Lure: Señuelo

Lake: Lago

River: Río

Pond: Estanque

Shore/Bank: Orilla

Pier: Muelle

Trout: Trucha

Salmon: Salmón

Catfish: Bagre

Pike: Lucio

Carp: Carpa

Cast: Lanzar

Reel in: Recoger

Hook a fish: Enganchar un pez

Land a fish: Sacar un pez

Go to the beach

Beach towel: Toalla de playa

Beach umbrella: Sombrilla de playa

Sunscreen/sunblock: Protector solar

Swimming: Nadar

Sunbathing: Tomar el sol

Building sandcastles: Construir castillos de arena

Beach volleyball: Voleibol playa

Surfing: Surf

Sand: Arena

Waves: Olas

Tide: Marea

Seashells: Conchas marinas

Seagulls: Gaviotas

Ride the bicycle

Helmet: Casco

Bike lock: Candado para bicicleta

Pump: Bomba de aire

Tire: Neumático

Pedals: Pedales

Wheel: Rueda

Chain: Cadena

Ride: Montar

Pedal: Pedalea

Brake: Frena

Steer: Gira

Balance: Equilibrio

Stay in the bike lane: Permanece en el carril de bicicletas

Look both ways: Mira a ambos lados

Yield to pedestrians: Cede el paso a los peatones

Watch for cars: Ten cuidado con los coches

Paint

Canvas: Lienzo

Paintbrush: Pincel

Palette: Paleta de mezclas

Acrylic paint: Pintura acrílica

Brushstroke: Pincelada

Blending: Mezcla

Layering: Capas

Wash: Lavado

Color: Color

Hue: Tono

Saturation: Saturación

Shade: Sombra

Tint: Tinte

Warm colors: Colores cálidos

Cool colors: Colores fríos

Neutral colors: Colores neutros

Artwork: Obra de arte

Still life: Naturaleza muerta

Landscape: Paisaje

Portrait: Retrato

Abstract: Abstracto

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through the exploration of shopping vocabulary in English, we have not only expanded our language skills but also gained valuable insights into various aspects of leisure activities, catalog browsing, and the usage of the past simple tense.

Firstly, delving into shopping vocabulary has equipped us with the necessary tools to navigate various scenarios encountered while purchasing items in English-speaking environments. From interacting with salespeople to describing products and discussing payment methods, we have broadened our ability to communicate effectively in such contexts.

Secondly, our exploration of leisure activities has introduced us to a diverse range of vocabulary associated with pastimes and recreational pursuits. Whether it's discussing outdoor activities like fishing or beachgoing, or indoor hobbies like painting, we've gained a deeper understanding of how to express our interests and engage in conversations about leisure activities.

Additionally, our study of the past simple tense has enriched our understanding of English grammar, particularly in recounting past experiences related to shopping and leisure activities. By mastering this grammatical structure, we can confidently narrate our past experiences and engage in conversations about past events.

This activity has been a significant contribution to my vocabulary, helping me improve my language skills. Additionally, I have learned to use a completely unfamiliar platform to me, such as Padlet. Despite being my first time using it, I found it very easy to use. I enjoyed it a lot, and I'm sure it will be a valuable tool for future activities. Tatiana Caballero

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In this section, we will cover how to determine your clothing and shoe size. We will provide a detailed description of relevant body measurements and how these correlate to standard clothing sizes, as well as helpful tips for measuring yourself correctly. Likewise, we will learn useful phrases related to this topic.

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To ensure you buy clothes and shoes that fit well and make you feel comfortable, it is essential to know your size. In this section, we will help you understand how to determine your size accurately and effectively, and why it is important to do so before making a purchase.

Tips for measuring yourself:

1. Use a flexible tape measure and make sure it is level and not too tight around your body.

2. If possible, ask someone to help you get more accurate measurements, especially for length measurements.

3. Measures in inches and centimeters for accuracy.

4. Wear tight-fitting clothing or underwear to get more accurate measurements.

Steps to Measure yourself:

1. Chest: Measure around the widest part of your chest, just below your armpits.

2. Waist: Measure around your natural waist, which is generally the narrowest part of your torso.

3. Hips: Measure around the widest part of your hips.

4. Leg and Arm Length: Measure from the top of the shoulder to the wrist for the arm, and from the waist to the knee and from the knee to the heel for the leg.

5. Neck and Back: Measure around the base of your neck for the neck and from the center of the neck to the waist for the back.

Knowing your clothing and shoe size is essential to ensure that garments fit well and feel comfortable. This helps you avoid fitting issues and choose the right clothing for your body. In my case, I measured myself using a flexible measuring tape, ensuring it was level and not too tight around my body. This allowed me to obtain precise measurements for different parts of my body, such as the chest, waist, hips, and the length of my limbs.

My Size:

My clothing size varies depending on the type of garment. Generally, I used to wear a medium size in both underwear and outerwear. My body measurements were as follows:

Chest circumference: 36 inches (91.44 centimeters).

Waist circumference: 28 inches (71.12 centimeters).

Hip circumference: 40 inches (101.6 centimeters). There was a 12-inch difference between waist and hip.

Length from waist to knee: 18 inches (45.72 centimeters), for measuring the thigh.

Length from knee to heel: 19 inches (48.26 centimeters), for measuring the leg.

Length from shoulder to wrist: 22 inches (55.88 centimeters), for measuring the arms.

Neck length: 5 inches (12.7 centimeters).

Back length: 18 inches (45.72 centimeters), from the center of the neck to the waist. Additionally, my shoe size was 9, although I sometimes wore size 10 depending on the brand.

It was crucial to know these measurements before making a purchase as they helped me choose the right size and avoid fitting issues in the future. Remember that well-fitting clothes and shoes not only provide comfort but also enhance your appearance.

Tips for Communication:

1. Use simple and clear phrases to express your size and preferences.

2. Always specify whether you are referring to inches or centimeters when providing measurements.

3. Practice the correct pronunciation of terms related to clothing and measurements for more effective communication.

4. Do not hesitate to ask for help or clarification if you do not understand something during the conversation.

Now we'll look at useful phrases for discussing clothing sizes in various situations, such as shopping in-store, ordering custom-made garments, and purchasing clothing online. Additionally, we'll explore common phrases incorporating different forms of "there" and past simple tense.

Useful Phrases When Discussing My Size in a Store:

Do you have this shirt in a medium size?

What would be my appropriate size based on these measurements?

I need pants in a 32-inch waist and 34-inch length.

Do you have these shoes in size 9?

I'd like to try on this jacket in a small size, please.

Useful Phrases When Ordering Custom-Made Clothing:

Could you take my measurements to make me a custom dress?

I need a suit made to measure for a special occasion.

I want the skirt to be 22 inches long from the waist.

Please ensure the dress fits snugly at the waist and loosely at the hips.

I prefer the coat sleeves to reach the wrist.

Useful Phrases When Buying Clothing Online and Specifying Size:

My T-shirt size is medium. Can I select this option?

I need to specify my pant size. Can I choose 32 waist and 34 length?

Regarding the shoes, I usually wear size 9. Can I select this size?

Can I add my body measurements to ensure the dress fits me well?

Is there an option to customize the size before finalizing the purchase?

Common Phrases with Different Forms of "There" and Past Simple:

There is a sale going on in that store.

There are many options available in different sizes.

There were a lot of people shopping yesterday.

There was a dress in the window that caught my eye.

I found the perfect size when I was shopping last weekend.

Remember, when communicating with a tailor or designer, it's essential to be clear and specific about your preferences and measurements to achieve the best possible outcome.

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In this section, we will discover tips for buying clothes smartly, both in physical stores and online. We will also learn useful phrases to communicate effectively during our purchases. Join us and improve your clothing shopping experience!

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Shopping for clothes is an exciting activity for many, offering the chance to wear new garments and feel good about our purchases. However, shopping wisely is not something everyone does, and it's easy to overspend if not done conscientiously. Therefore, it's crucial to know which garments are truly essential to always look well-dressed and how to select them properly.

Here are seven key tips for ensuring your money is invested in the right clothing:

1. Budgeting: Setting aside a portion of your income regularly for clothes shopping helps avoid overspending. Create a shopping fund and stick to it to prevent excessive credit card use.

2. Choose Flattering Styles: Consider your body type, skin tone, and personal style when selecting clothes. Avoid buying solely because a garment looks good on others; it's important that it fits your body and makes you feel comfortable and confident.

3. Avoid Fads: Invest in classic, timeless pieces rather than following fleeting trends. Opt for versatile basics that you can easily mix and match and that won't quickly go out of style.

4. Shop Mindfully: Don't buy on impulse; only purchase what you truly need and love. Avoid getting carried away by the excitement of the moment and make sure each purchase is an investment worth making and integrates well with your current wardrobe.

5. Check Quality: Examine the fabric and construction of garments before buying to ensure durability. Make sure the materials are of good quality and the seams are well-made.

6. Try Before Buying: Always try on clothes to ensure they fit well and are comfortable. Take several items and try them on before buying, making sure they flatter your body and make you feel confident.

7. Accessorize: Enhance your outfits with accessories that complement your style. From watches to scarves, accessories can add a unique touch to your look and make you feel confident and stylish.

By following these tips, you can make smarter clothing purchases that enhance your style without breaking the bank.

Moving on to online shopping, here are some helpful tips:

1. Research Stores: Check the reputation of online stores before making a purchase. Look for reviews and ratings from other customers to gauge the store's reliability.

2. Consider Shipping Costs: Be aware of shipping fees to avoid surprises at checkout. Some stores may offer free or discounted shipping, so explore your options.

3. Size Matters: Consult size charts and measure yourself accurately due to sizing variations among brands. Understand that a size "M" may vary between brands, especially when purchasing from international sites.

4. Look for Value: Seek stores that offer additional value, such as eco-friendly materials or unique designs. Consider the overall shopping experience, including delivery presentation and customer service, when choosing where to shop.

5. Know Return Policies: Familiarize yourself with return policies in case exchanges or refunds are needed. Be aware that not every purchase will be perfect, and sometimes returns may be necessary.

By applying these tips, you can shop for clothes online confidently and enjoy the convenience of shopping from home while making informed decisions and avoiding common pitfalls.

Now, in this last part of this section, we will explore useful phrases that will be of great help to you when buying clothes. These expressions will allow you to communicate effectively with store staff, ask questions about products, and make informed decisions during your shopping experience. Let's see what phrases can make your next visit to the clothing store easier!

1. Simple Present:

- "I'd like to try on this dress, please." (Me gustaría probarme este vestido, por favor.)

- "This shirt fits me well." (Esta camisa me queda bien.)

- "These shoes are too tight." (Estos zapatos están demasiado apretados.)

- "How much does this sweater cost?" (¿Cuánto cuesta este suéter?)

- "Can I pay with a credit card?" (¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito?)

2. Simple Past:

- "I tried on that jacket, but it was too big." (Probé esa chaqueta, pero era demasiado grande.)

- "She bought those pants last week." (Ella compró esos pantalones la semana pasada.)

- "The dress I wanted was on sale yesterday." (El vestido que quería estaba en oferta ayer.)

3. Present Continuous:

- "I'm looking for a new pair of jeans." (Estoy buscando un nuevo par de jeans.)

- "They're currently offering a discount on these skirts." (Actualmente están ofreciendo un descuento en estas faldas.)

4. There is / There are:

- "There is a sale on dresses today." (Hay una rebaja en vestidos hoy.)

- "There are many options available in different sizes." (Hay muchas opciones disponibles en diferentes tallas.)

5. Questions:

- "Do you have this shirt in a smaller size?" (¿Tienes esta camisa en una talla más pequeña?)

- "Where can I find the fitting rooms?" (¿Dónde puedo encontrar los probadores?)

- "Is there a discount for students?" (¿Hay descuento para estudiantes?)

- "What time do you close today?" (¿A qué hora cierran hoy?)

- "Can you help me find a formal outfit?" (¿Puedes ayudarme a encontrar un conjunto formal?)

6. Conditional:

- "If this sweater were in a different color, I would buy it." (Si este suéter estuviera en otro color, lo compraría.)

7. Modals (Would, Could, Should):

- "Could you show me where the accessories section is?" (¿Podrías mostrarme dónde está la sección de accesorios?)

- "Would you mind checking if these shoes are available in black?" (¿Te importaría comprobar si estos zapatos están disponibles en negro?)

- "Should I try on this jacket before buying it?" (¿Debería probarme esta chaqueta antes de comprarla?)

8. Comparatives and Superlatives:

- "This dress is more expensive than that one." (Este vestido es más caro que ese.)

- "That store has the best selection of formal wear in town." (Esa tienda tiene la mejor selección de ropa formal en la ciudad.)

9. Expressions of Quantity:

- "I'll take three of these shirts, please." (Tomaré tres de estas camisas, por favor.)

- "How many colors does this sweater come in?" (¿En cuántos colores viene este suéter?)

- "I only need a couple of pairs of socks." (Solo necesito un par de pares de calcetines.)

10. Polite Phrases:

- "Excuse me, could you help me find my size?" (Disculpe, ¿podría ayudarme a encontrar mi talla?)

- "Thank you for your assistance." (Gracias por su ayuda.)

- "Sorry, I'm just browsing at the moment." (Lo siento, estoy solo mirando en este momento.)

All these phrases will be useful in your next clothing purchases, both in person and online.

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AestheticStore In this catalog I can find a wide variety of dresses for women, accessories and shoes, we can also find a range of jackets for boys and girls as well as sports clothing for all ages at affordable prices. You can make purchases in their stores located in the different malls of the city. Panama City or also purchases through their website aestheticStore.Com

Nazaret Brown.

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Recreational activities that we can do in Panama City and in various provinces of the country: hiking, beaches, rivers, hot springs, mountains, skateboarding, skydiving, motocross, cycling, running, fishing, among many sports and recreational activities that we can find in different areas of the country.Recreational activities that we can do in Panama City and in various provinces of the country: hiking, beaches, rivers, hot springs, mountains, skateboarding, skydiving, motocross, cycling, running, fishing, among many sports and recreational activities that we can find in different areas of the country.

Leisure and recreation activities Panama is a beautiful country visited by many people from different parts of the world and they find here our paradisiacal beaches and tourist areas. We find perfect vacation getaways for different sports and hobbies such as: surfing, skateboarding, all-inclusive hotels, as well as excursion activities such as the Barú volcano, Camino de Cruzes, camping sites such as Cerro Azul, the Cerro Canajagua yeguada, without leaving behind the Panamanian Pacific and Atlantic coasts in which we can appreciate different manifestations of nature that place Panama as a place with a biological diversity that attracts many visitors, from unique birds, marine and terrestrial animals that we can meet in the different provinces. of our country.

In the city and metropolitan area we can find near the Maracaná stadium a skateboard court as well as the Ancón hill, perfect for walks and connection with nature, the path of crosses that allows us to go hiking and connect with nature until we know a little about the history and the importance of this trail in Panamanian history.

In the city of Colón we will find ruins that tell the story of the colonial era. We will also observe part of the structure of the wonderful canal that unites our oceans.

Within the area, moving away from the metropolitan part, we approach the central provinces, we find Capira and its high points such as Chica and Cerro Campana that offer paradisiacal views to its spectators and visitors, we continue in Chame, its coasts, continuing with the Antón valley, its hot springs. its unique animals such as the golden frog, hiking and connection with nature, we continue in the Coclé region and its history of gold deposits of the regional indigenous people, a wind farm that can be seen from the Pan-American highway, we continue to Herrera and Los Santos, which They offer a cultural view of Panamanian traditions from crafts, commerce and beaches that we find in districts of the province of Los Santos such as Playa Venao, Playa Cambutal Búcaro that are well known for surfing competitions as well as whale watching in the gestation season,

Continuing Well, in the province of Veraguas with Isla Coiva and the particularity of this province that connects the two seas also offering beautiful beaches and surf areas; Continuing then with the province of Bocas del Toro, which also offers gastronomy, surfing, hiking; And together with its sister province Chiriquí that offers us in Boquete with its flowers and agricultural production, gastronomy, the height of the Barú volcano and its importance for the coffee plantations and the production of coffee that is highly recognized nationally and internationally.

Panama is a country that offers a wide variety of tourist offers for both foreigners and nationals in which you can explore and learn about a large part of Panamanian history as well as its flora and fauna, gastronomy and sports activities that we can do in the country.

Nazaret Brown.

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How do i use "where did you go" and "where have you been"?

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As a question, it's "Where have you been"? The idea of the question is sometimes, "I've been waiting for you, and I've wondered why you were not here. Where have you been? The words "where you have been" can appear as a phrase within a declarative sentence. "Whether you heard about our local fire may depend upon where you have been in the last few weeks".

As a question, it would be, "Where were you"? If the issue were your whereabouts at a specific time. "I couldn't find you in the front lobby at 10:15 where were you.

When a friends asks "Where have you been", a polite and honest response is usually appreciated. You can simply tell them where you've been and what you've been doing. If you've been busy or unavailable, you can also express that in a respectful manner. Open communication and honesty are key in maintaining healthy relationships.

Examples:

Then, where have you been hiding all these years?

The question is no longer, where have you been, Oliver Queen.

Oh, Tina Cohen-Chang, where have you been all my life?

Little snow, where have you been these past three years?

I want to, but where have you been all this time?

So, where have you been living up till now?

So, Belinda, where have you been for the past couple days?

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They are used differently because they are different forms of the past tense. "Had done" is past perfect for the verb "to do". You use it when you need to distinguish between different kinds of past time. Usually there will be another sentence or clause that follows it-most of the time that clause will indicate some change or additional action or events since the event referret to using "had done". Example: "when i went to bed i had done all the dishes, but when David got home from work he made himself bacon and eggs and stacked all the dishes in the sink.

"Went" is past tense for "to go" "had done" appears because there an order to these past actions and doing the dishes happened before going to bed. If that was all i was saying i would probably say before i went to bed last night, i did the dishes, or i did the dishes and then went to bed. So the real season "had done" appear is because i'm really talking about how those actions were affected by what followed.

"Had done the dishes" they were comoletely done, but now they are not. The action that follows doesn't have to be negative.

Example: "when i went to bed i had done all the dishes, and i woke up to discover that after David got home from his late night shift he heated up leftovers for dinner, mopped the floor, cleaned out the refrigerator, and took out the trash".

Unless you are saying more, you'd say, "i did it yesterday".