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Mr. Rajan Ghimire, Immigration Officer, Ministry of Home Affairs (Nepal)

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Mr. Rajan Ghimire, Immigration Officer, Ministry of Home Affairs (Nepal)

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Nepal strictly follows the principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. These principles are also enshrined in the constitution of Nepal. Likewise, Nepal is party to CEDAW, ICCPR, ICESCR and other conventions related to human rights. The Government of Nepal always respects the rights of refugees and has been giving refuge to Tibetan, Bhutanese, and other refugees from other countries.

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Lt. Durdana Damirova, Inspector, Department of admission and consideration of foreigners and stateless persons’ appeals, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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Lt. Durdana Damirova, Inspector, Department of admission and consideration of foreigners and stateless persons’ appeals, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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In the case of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the stay of citizens and stateless persons from Ukraine in the area of Azerbaijan because of the war is accepted and considered legal until they return to their country. It is not required for them to extend their stay or to get temporary resident cards etc. They also can apply for refugee status.

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Ms. Aretha M.B. Divine, Deputy Executive Director for Administration, Liberia Refugee Repatriation and Resettlement Commission (Liberia)

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Ms. Aretha M.B. Divine, Deputy Executive Director for Administration, Liberia Refugee Repatriation and Resettlement Commission (Liberia)

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Best practices, the State of Liberia has:
1. Established search and rescue service ;
2. Arranged communication and coordination ;
3. Assist anyone found at sea in danger of being lost ;
4. Rescue person or persons are treated with humanity ;
5. The rescue person is taken to the place of safety ;
6. Coordination and cooperation along with coastal states.

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Mr. Etumbo Jenkins Dueh, Senior Resettlement Assistant, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Cameroon)

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Mr. Etumbo Jenkins Dueh, Senior Resettlement Assistant, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Cameroon)

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From 2014 to 2016, I worked as a registration Agent with the UNHCR in Maroua Cameroon. Most refugees who left Nigeria settled in bordering villages where they were registered by the UNHCR. Though in the country of asylum, they still faced security challenges as the Boko Haram terrorists attacked these villages from time to time. Their presence therefore made it very difficult for proper millitary intervention in the zone, and for humanitarian action to take place properly.

The UNHCR and the government of Cameroon therefore decided to relocate them to the Minawao refugee camp where they could be properly attended to. Some refugees remained in the bordering villages carrying out different economic activities. Many of those involved in illegal movements were suspected as partisans' of the Boko Haram group and were arrested and imprisoned.

The UNHCR hired the services of a lawyer to ensure their rights are fully respected.

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In Pacaraima, and Boa Vista, Brazil, the UNHCR / Government make efficient case processing by using "Merged RSD & Resettlement procedures" to asses the Venezuelans entering the border.

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Lt. Durdana Damirova, Inspector, Department of admission and consideration of foreigners and stateless persons’ appeals, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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Lt. Durdana Damirova, Inspector, Department of admission and consideration of foreigners and stateless persons’ appeals, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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I would like to share with you the following best practices in case of Azerbaijan.

There is a "Travel Map" on ensuring the social-economic rights of refugees, refugee integration policy in Azerbaijan. The "Travel Map" document identifies four main areas for the integration of refugees in Azerbaijan:

1) the possibility of providing housing;
2) access to education;
3) access to the labor market;
4) expansion of intercultural dialogue.

Based on the 1951 Refugee Convention, since 23 January 2020, a "Travel Document" to allow refugees to travel outside the state and to return has begun to be issued to the persons who were granted refugee status and their family members.

20 June, or the "World Refugee Day” is celebrated in the country every year. For the purpose of integration, refugees are invited to take part to ceremonies, competitions, and exhibitions. In addition the “Let's walk together with refugees” project is organized and winners are awarded a prize.

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Mrs. Ester Santiago, Chief Department, Ministry of Social Action, Family and Women Promotion (Angola)

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Mrs. Ester Santiago, Chief Department, Ministry of Social Action, Family and Women Promotion (Angola)

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In Angola, we have a specific law to protect asylum seekers and refugees. It is the Law nº 10/15 of 17 June 2015. This law applies to stateless people or foreign nationals who require asylum and refugees without distinction of race, religion, nationality, membership in a certain social group or political opinion, in accordance with the provisions of international legal instruments relating to refugees which the Republic of Angola has acceded or will join.

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Ms. Amel Jamain, Assistant Protection Officer, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Sudan)

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Ms. Amel Jamain, Assistant Protection Officer, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Sudan)

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In Sudan, UNHCR and Civil Registry of Ministry of Interior continued their partnership project for consecutive four years from 2019-2022, in the area of promotion of birth and civil registration through conducting capacity building activities for the Civil Registry and other actors involved in the birth and nationality registration process with a specific focus on local authorities who play a critical role in registration of birth incidents, especially in states and areas where the geographical coverage of Civil Registry remains lacking or limited.

The project also seek to strengthen the capacity of Civil Registry to reach out to areas where persons of concern to UNHCR (PoCs), namely refugees, IDPs, returnees, host communities persons at risk of statelessness, are present and establish civil registration systems in order to facilitate PoCs’ access to birth and nationality registration, expand the registration service to remote areas, increase the percentage of birth and nationality registration, thereby contributing to the overall objective of prevention of statelessness in the targeted areas. All South refugee, Eritrean, Ethiopian and other refugee children born in Sudan are entitled to birth certificate.

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Lt. Rahib Bayramov, Inspector, RSD Officer, Department of Refugee Status Determination, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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Lt. Rahib Bayramov, Inspector, RSD Officer, Department of Refugee Status Determination, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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In my routine work I sometimes face problems with stateless people, who suffer due to being stateless for various reasons. The government is trying to reduce the number of such cases by granting them citizenship.

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Major Edgar Alberto Nuñez Cueva, Legal Adviser, Joint Command of the Armed Forces (Peru)

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Major Edgar Alberto Nuñez Cueva, Legal Adviser, Joint Command of the Armed Forces (Peru)

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The armed forces of the member countries of the UN have their peace contingents, contributing with personnel, material and equipment to fulfill the mission granted. In this sense, Perù participates with its peace contingents in the Central African Republic, a very poor country where, due to the social conflict that exists and the existence of armed groups, it is necessary to protect nationals, through the implementation of shelters, hospitals, and humanitarian aid among others.

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Lt. Durdana Damirova, Inspector, Department of admission and consideration of foreigners and stateless persons’ appeals, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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Lt. Durdana Damirova, Inspector, Department of admission and consideration of foreigners and stateless persons’ appeals, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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In case of Azerbaijan according to the 4.3 item of a Decision (№ 84 dated 18 March 2015) of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on approving the "Rule for Determining a Person's Citizenship of the Republic of Azerbaijan" if the person was a citizen of the Republic of Azerbaijan (or the Azerbaijan SSR) and she/he hasn`t left the area of Azerbaijan until the date of entry into force of the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On the Citizenship of the Republic of Azerbaijan" (until October 7, 1998) if these persons` non- registration of their place of residence in the Republic of Azerbaijan until the date of entry into force of the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On the Citizenship of the Republic of Azerbaijan" causes their statelessness, the citizenship of the Republic of Azerbaijan shall be recognized.

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Ms Joanne Cossitt, Program Officer, U.S. Department of State (US)

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Ms Joanne Cossitt, Program Officer, U.S. Department of State (US)

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I observed the use of an Interpol Red Notice to detain a refugee. A person from country A was granted refugee status in country B. When he traveled to country C, country C saw a Red Notice from country A and detained him. I remember learning that Red Notices should not be issued, and should be rescinded when a person has/receives a final refugee designation. The person was in detention in country C for several months until country C sent him home to country B (where he had refugee status).

The case required significant advocacy from a number of countries, human rights groups, and journalists. You could see the political pressure on country C from all sides.

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Lt. Rahib Bayramov, Inspector, RSD Officer, Department of Refugee Status Determination, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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Lt. Rahib Bayramov, Inspector, RSD Officer, Department of Refugee Status Determination, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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We have a few cases when Afghan refugees crossed border illegally but they presented themselves "as soon as possible" to the state bodies and applied for asylum. So they were not punished for illegal crossing of border, they were not returned back (non-refoulement) and even those without legal documents have been allowed for access to asylum procedures.

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Ms. Amel Jamain, Assistant Protection Officer, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Sudan)

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Ms. Amel Jamain, Assistant Protection Officer, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Sudan)

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I would like to share my views on the topic "protection at sea" and the role the government and the receiving countries are supposed to play in this regard.

As the economic crisis worsens, the migration of Sudanese to Libya increases. The organization “Program to Reducing Irregular Migration" is working on a program to reduce irregular immigration and voluntary return of Sudanese communities in Libya and is trying to persuade them not to immigrate to Europe, but without success, as many Sudanese immigrants have drowned in the Mediterranean.

On the other hand, life in Libya has become unbearable because of the grave violations at the hands of smugglers, at a time when returning to Sudan is a non- zero option considering its economic conditions Libya has become too dangerous for the youth in recent years.

The international community needs to do more to stop the loss of young lives at sea. The urgent need for solutions for these children and others on the move remains critical, if people see no hope and live-in fear, then they will continue to gamble their lives making desperate journeys like the one to Libya. Political leaders need to work together to develop safer alternatives, to better inform those considering making the journey of the dangers they face, and most importantly to tackle the root causes of these movements, by resolving conflicts and creating real opportunities in countries of origin a matter which was continuously advocated by UNHCR.

The Paris Economic Conference on Sudan and the Berlin Conference on Libya failed to address the issue of irregular migration, as well as the silence of the United Nations and the African Union on this tragedy represented by the continued loss of life. On the other hand, the Sudanese government is not making the required efforts to curb irregular migration, despite the support it receives from the European Union and donors periodically.

International UN convention on the law of the sea and other related conventions will not work alone unless there is shared responsibilities of all states, political will, and joint resources the innocent lives of people will remain at stake.

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Ms. Amel Jamain, Assistant Protection Officer, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Sudan)

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Ms. Amel Jamain, Assistant Protection Officer, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Sudan)

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In our operation we established community-based structures for adults and children as well where consultation and discussion take place to decide on all issues that affect their lives.

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Mr. Etumbo Jenkins Dueh, Senior Resettlement Assistant, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Cameroon)

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Mr. Etumbo Jenkins Dueh, Senior Resettlement Assistant, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Cameroon)

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In our operation, adult men and women above 45 years old go through adult literacy programs which have helped some of them to learn how to read and write. As a result, some of them now work as interpreters with some humanitarian organizations.

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Lt. Durdana Damirova, Inspector, Department of admission and consideration of foreigners and stateless persons’ appeals, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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Lt. Durdana Damirova, Inspector, Department of admission and consideration of foreigners and stateless persons’ appeals, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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The following main measures have been taken in the field of combating human trafficking in the Republic of Azerbaijan:

1) According to the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On Combating Trafficking in Human Beings" dated by 28.06.2005, 958-IIQ, prevention of human trafficking has been organized on the basis of special measures within various state programs;

2) The National Action Plan for the years 2004-2008, 2009-2013, 2014-2018, 2020-2024 on combating trafficking of human beings in Azerbaijan was approved by the orders of President of the Republic. The National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking in Azerbaijan to provide an effective system that allows for the interaction of relevant agencies in the struggle against human trafficking and the plan intends the main tasks, the participation of various bodies (relevant executive authorities, non-governmental organizations, international partners and other bodies) in implementation of these tasks and coordination of the activities of these bodies by the National Coordinator;

3) The Republic of Azerbaijan has acceded to most international agreements in the field of combating human trafficking: such UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its supplementing Protocol to “Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children”, “Europe Council Convention against Trafficking in Human Beings”, “Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography”, “Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others” ;

4) The recommendations of the Council of Europe's Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA) on the issues of criminal prosecution, assistance, compensation and rehabilitation for the victims, reflected in its report submitted to the government on implementation of the obligations arising from the Convention, have been subsequently implemented. In this respect, the Cabinet of Ministers amended the “Regulations on repatriation of the victims of human trafficking”. As well as, “Program on social rehabilitation and social reintegration of the children being the victim of trafficking in human beings” and “Guaranteed amount of the social service provided to the persons (families) living in hard conditions at the expense of the state budget” have been approved by the decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers.

5) The domestic legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan was harmonized with the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its supplementing Protocol to “Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children” and other international instruments in the field of combating human trafficking and in accordance with these documents, amendments were made to the Criminal Code of the Republic to recognize the act of human trafficking as a crime in itself;

6) To ensure the organizational basis for the struggle against human trafficking, the person responsible for combating human trafficking - the National Coordinator - has been appointed;

7) In connection with the fight against human trafficking, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan has adopted a number of normative legal acts;

8) In 2004 Office for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings was established under the Main Department for Combating Organized Crime of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, since 2006 this department has been operating as an independent body within the ministry;

9) The "Hotline" telephone service, which provides free services to victims and potential victims of human trafficking in the country has been launched and the public has been informed about it;

10) Safe shelter for victims of human trafficking has been given to use, within the shelter medical, psychological, legal and other aids, security and confidentiality of persons has been ensured for the victims and probable victims of human trafficking;

11) The allowance was provided to Human trafficking victims during reintegration and the amount of it is increased increasingly.

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Mr. Xavier Huayamave, Chargé d’Affaires a.i., Embassy of Ecuador in Bolivia; First Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ecuador)

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Mr. Xavier Huayamave, Chargé d’Affaires a.i., Embassy of Ecuador in Bolivia; First Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ecuador)

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We have almost 90% of our officials trained with a good attention in border controls, giving to all the applicants the right to tell the truth about trafficking and smuggling situations in all the cases.

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Ms. Patricia Nanon Kamabewa, Child Protection Expert, Refugee Point (Sudan)

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Ms. Patricia Nanon Kamabewa, Child Protection Expert, Refugee Point (Sudan)

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I am working in a mixed migration context (Sudan - Eritrea) and through the UNHCR "Telling the Real Story" project there has been a lot of community engagement on trafficking and smuggling which tries to establish the push and pull factors to inform protection interventions for the community.

Additionally, if they do make the decision to move onwards at least it was an informed decisions taking into considerations the consequences of their movement

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Ms. Patricia Nanon Kamabewa, Child Protection Expert, Refugee Point (Sudan)

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Ms. Patricia Nanon Kamabewa, Child Protection Expert, Refugee Point (Sudan)

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Despite most governments are reluctant to fulfill these rights, as stakeholders we need to be data-driven when advocating for refugees. I once worked in a country where the government became more receptive to granting refugees these rights when they were provided with numbers concerning the contributions refugees had on the economy. This involves an extensive profiling of the refugee population which unfortunately is not done given the time and efforts needed in most operations.

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Mr. Etumbo Jenkins Dueh, Senior Resettlement Assistant, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Cameroon)

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Mr. Etumbo Jenkins Dueh, Senior Resettlement Assistant, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Cameroon)

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Early this year, when I began serving as the Senior resettlement Assistant with UNHCR Sub Office in Maroua Cameroon, most refugees were not interested in resettlement. Most of them did not wish to return either due to insecurity in their villages of origin. From their facial expressions you could see despair as most of them were uneducated, unemployed and depended on food distribution. I later found out that they were unsure of where they will be taken to, hence they preferred staying in the Minawao refugee camp which was not their ideal place to stay, but at least it offered them shelter, security and food. I summoned the community leaders and showed them photos of some refugees who have benefitted from resettlement, and shared with them some documentaries too. I explained what is resettlement to them and who is eligible for resettlement. From thence, most families that were identified and approached accepted to be resettled. I am sharing this experience because, most refugees are in despair and do not know who to trust and what to believe. Durable solutions should be in the agenda of every humanitarian operation from the onset and refugees should be able to choose what they feel is the best solution for them.

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I would like to share the project called "Empoderando Refugiadas" (Empowering Refugees [Female]). https://www.acnur.org/portugues/empoderando-refugiadas/ The project is focused on the employability of refugee women, refugee applicants and migrants seeking an opportunity in Brazil to rebuild their lives. Among the objectives of the project are to train participants for the Brazilian labor market, facilitate cultural and labor adaptation in the country, promote the formal hiring of refugees, their financial education and economic empowerment, in addition to promoting awareness of the private sector. Among the pillars of the project are the appreciation of diversity and inclusion, with classes dedicated to women with disabilities, caregivers of people with disabilities, people with chronic diseases and special needs, in addition to the inclusion of women over 50 years and LGBTIQA+ population. Since its creation, over six years, 316 women have been formed by the project, 147 have been employed and 260 people have been internalized. Numbers that are about to increase with the opening of the first class of the 7th edition of Empoderando Refugiadas, in May 2022. "Empoderando Refugiadas" aims to offer companies the possibility of having more diversity in their frameworks and promoting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), while enabling refugee women, refugee applicants and migrants to have a dignified life and guaranteed access to rights in the country.

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Lt. Durdana Damirova, Inspector, Department of admission and consideration of foreigners and stateless persons’ appeals, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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Lt. Durdana Damirova, Inspector, Department of admission and consideration of foreigners and stateless persons’ appeals, State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)

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In Azerbaijan, there is a "Travel Map" on ensuring the social-economic rights of refugees, refugee integration policy in Azerbaijan. The "Travel Map" document identifies four main areas for the integration of refugees in Azerbaijan:

1) the possibility of providing housing;
2) access to education;
3) access to the labor market;
4) expansion of intercultural dialogue.

Based on the 1951 Refugee Convention, since 23 January 2020, a "Travel Document" to allow refugees to travel outside the state and to return has begun to be issued to the persons who were granted refugee status and their family members.

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Mr. Rajan Ghimire, Immigration Officer, Ministry of Home Affairs (Nepal)

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Mr. Rajan Ghimire, Immigration Officer, Ministry of Home Affairs (Nepal)

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Nepal managed nearly one hundred thousands Bhutanese refugees for more than three decades in the refugee camps located in the eastern part of Nepal. Nepal was involved in several rounds of negotiation with the Bhutan Government which did not respond to repatriate its citizens so the refugee crisis prolonged. Because of the Government of Nepal's diplomatic efforts, Nepal was eventually successful in resettling refugees in third countries. But still there are ten thousands Bhutanese refugees in Nepal who are still waiting for the peaceful return to their home country.

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Mr. Amos Mkandawire, Administration and Human Resource Officer, Homeland Security, Department for Refugees (Malawi)

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Mr. Amos Mkandawire, Administration and Human Resource Officer, Homeland Security, Department for Refugees (Malawi)

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I submit two best practices relevant to durable solutions and the global compact on refugees:

1. Sustainable livelihood: In Malawi, at Dzaleka Refugee Camp, this practice is helping a lot. Refugees or Asylum seekers have been allocated pieces of land around Dzalaka Refugee Camp. This really works as most refugees are good farmers and harvest a lot of fruits and vegetables. In fact most of Malawians in the central Region travel to Dzaleka to buy cheap fruits and vegetables. The fruits and Vegetables sale so much and Refugees make huge income that sustain their daily living.

2. Local integration: Though most of the Refugees are living in various location puts die Dzaleka Refugee Camp, but this has benefited a lot of citizen as they learn different businesses from Refugees .In fact some Refugees have intermarried with locals and taught them different kinds of businesses. In a nutshell, the country is benefiting a lot from different activities that are done by Refugees in almost all Districts around Malawi.