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The idea of what it is to be a man is deeply intertwined with the values of society. One of the best-known traits of a man is his aggressiveness. In our society, the more aggressive you are, the more manly you are seen. This belief comes hand in hand with hegemonic masculinity and social rewards. In a fight, the winner is seen as victorious and cheered by the spectators, this is a direct social reward that also comes with higher status. In this case, being aggressive is one of many traits expected to be seen in men. A great example of it is this painting, Cain Slaying Abel, which is a representation of the first murder. The Bible represented the first murder with two men and not with two women because, as I said before, it is a trait that is linked to male behavior.

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One of the most powerful armies was the Roman army, which conquered the Western world in a period of a few hundred years. This manly need to dominate the world is still present today. A good example is Vladimir Putin, who wants to take over Ukraine whatever the price its inhabitants have to pay. This need for dominance comes from hegemonic masculinity, and in Putin’s case, its culture and context exert great pressure. Russia has a traditional culture where hegemonic masculinity is followed with great enthusiasm. Another big factor that applies to dominance is that is directly linked to power, which is also linked to high status. Power and high status are two components of success and therefore have a high value in society. That is why, like Putin, most men engage in dominance to reach those two components that would lead them to be seen as someone successful.

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The values dictated by hegemonic femininity are something that is instilled in girls from an early age. One of the components that is given the most attention is nurturing. Women's identity is shaped by the conception that all females are expected to have the desire to be mothers above all else. Failing to do so is seen as an incomplete woman. A big impact on this belief is made by agents of gender socialization, especially the media. Movies, television, and books always romanticize motherhood. This is a problem when the conception that we had installed in our minds collapses with reality. Having kids is something very beautiful, but also very stressful and tiring. The romanticization of it makes women think that is a personal problem and that something is wrong with them, when in fact the problem is in how the media falsely portrays motherhood.

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Another big component of hegemonic femininity is physical attractiveness. Those urges that females have of always looking perfect are indeed a belief that has been implanted in their subconscious by patriarchy. If we analyze closely the painting, we see a girl playing with a doll. The doll has a light complexion, white facial features, an impeccable hairstyle, and a beautiful dress. The mother and the girl are portrayed in the same way, both according to patriarchy's taste. Is not a coincidence that through the years we have been accommodating our idea of perfection to their affinity. Patriarchy controls us by using gender stereotypes spread by the media. When we are kids we play with dolls with those “perfect” features, then we pass to magazines with beautiful women that also meet the traits, and by the time we open our eyes we realize that we already have that idea of perfection implanted in our brain. There is not much we can do to change it, those gender stereotypes are already part of our subconscious and with it patriarchal ideals.

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Toxic masculinity is a threat derived from hegemonic masculinity. This has remarkable harm on women especially when rape, domestic violence, and rape culture are involved. This painting is called Tarquinio y Lucrecia, and the ancient Roman legend tells the story of the rape of Lucrecia by Tarquinio, the prince of Rome. Tarquinio raped Lucrecia after threatening her with death if she showed resistance. The painting captures the exact moment of the incident. Even though this painting was made in 1571 we still have cases like this today. The two terms I talked about before aggressiveness and dominance are key components of these tragic situations. I don't think we will reach the day where these cases will stop, but a good way to drop the numbers is by spreading awareness of feminism as Richie Reseda has been doing.