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Plot- the story line or order of events in a book, play, or moive.

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LITERARY TERM - PLOT - ENGLISH LITERATURE

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Diction- the linguistic choices made by a writer to convey an idea or point of view, or tell a story, in an effective way.

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POV- The narrator's voice: first, second, or third person.

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Simile- a figure of speech comparing two unlike things using like or as

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Irony- The use of words to convey a meaning that is opposite of what is actually said.

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Irony Simplified | Verbal Irony, Situational Irony, Dramatic Irony | Literary Device

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Exposition-  the background information on the characters and setting explained at the beginning of the story.

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Syntax-  defines the arrangement of words and sentences that are placed together.

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Rising Action-  how the events in a story build excitement until they reach their most exciting point

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DENOTATION: The direct definition of the word that you find in the dictionary.

CONNOTATION: The emotional suggestions of a word, that is not literal.

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DENOTATIONS & CONNOTATIONS | English Lesson

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Climax-  the turning point of a story when the main character's problem begins to be solved or resolved.

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Tone-  the stylistic means by which an author conveys his/her attitude(s) in a work of literature.

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Mood- A story's atmosphere or the feeling it evokes.

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Flashback- Scene in a movie, play, short story, novel, or narrative poem that interrupts the present action of the plot to flash backward and tell what happened at an earlier time.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is a Flashback?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Foreshadowing- The use of clues to hint at events that will occur later in a plot.

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Foreshadowing | Definition & Examples of Foreshadowing

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Parallelism- Repetition of words, phrases, or sentences that have the same grammatical structure or that state a similar idea.

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Falling Action-  the period after the dramatic confrontation of the climax.

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Resolution-   the end of the story. It occurs after the CLIMAX. It is when you learn what happens to the characters after the CONFLICT is resolved.

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Setting-  the time and place in which a story is told.

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Protagonist and Antagonist- The protagonist works toward the central story goals, while the antagonist works against the goals.

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Conflict- Struggle or clash between opposing characters or opposing forces.

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Internal Conflict-  when a character struggles with their own opposing desires or beliefs.

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External Conflict- sets a character against something or someone beyond their control.

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Man vs Man- involves two characters struggling against each other.

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Man vs. Society- a story in which an individual (or a small group of individuals) chooses to or is forced to fight against their society or community.

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Man vs. Nature- an external struggle positioning the character against an animal or a force of nature.

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Man vs. Technology- when a protagonist is facing machines or technology (such as mechanical failure or robots) and must prevail against it.

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First Person- It uses first-person pronouns such as 'I', 'me' and 'we'.

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Second Person- a little-used technique of narrative in which the action is driven by a character ascribed to the reader, one known as you.

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Third Person Objective- the narrator simply describes what is happening to the characters in the story and does not show us anyone's thoughts or feelings.

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Third Person Limited-A third person limited narrator has access to the thoughts and emotions of just one character.

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Third Person Omniscient-the narrator knows all of the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story.

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Metaphor-  a comparison which is not literally true. It suggests what something is like by comparing it with something else with similar characteristics.

Extended Metaphor- when a writer compares unrelated objects or ideas with figurative language for more than a sentence

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Personification- Kind of metapor in which a nonhuman thing or quality is talked about as if it were human.

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Hyperbole- a rhetorical and literary technique where an author or speaker intentionally uses exaggeration and overstatement for emphasis and effect.

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Symbolism- Person, place, thing, or event that stands for itself and for something beyond itself as well.

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Oxymoron- a rhetorical term that describes words or phrases that, when placed together, create paradoxes or contradictions.

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0:00 / 1:00•Watch full video

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Oxymoron - Figure of Speech | Definition with Examples

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Euphemism- an appropriate expression used in the place of a phrase or words that may be found inappropriate or offensive.

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Allusion- Reference to a statement, a person, a place, or an event from literature, history, religion, mythology, politics, sports, science, or pop culture.

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Assonance- Repetition of similar vowel sounds that are followed by different consonant sounds, especially in words that are close together in a poem.

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What is assonance? 🤔 | Assonance in English | Learn with examples

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Alliteration- Repetition of the same or very similar consonant sounds usually at the beginnings of words that are close together in a poem.

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What is Alliteration? || Literary Device Lectures

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Cliché-  an expression that was once innovative but has lost its novelty due to overuse.

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What is CLICHE? What does CLICHE mean? CLICHE meaning, definition, explanation & pronunciation

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Idioms- Expression peculiar to a particular language that means something different from the literal meaning of each word.

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Idioms | Award Winning Teaching Video | What Is An Idiom? | Figurative Language

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Pun- Play on the multiple meaning of a word or on two words that sound alike but have different meanings.

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What is a Pun? Definition with Examples | Figures of Speech

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Verbal Irony- occurs when a speaker speaks something contradictory to what he intends to say.

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Situational Irony-  the irony of something happening that is very different to what was expected.

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Dramatic Irony- occurs when the audience or readers know more about a situation than the character does.

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Characterization- the way an author or an actor describes or shows what a character is like.

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Direct Characterization- The writer makes direct statements about a character's personality and tells the reader or viewer what the character is like.

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Indirect Characterization- The writer reveals information about a character's personality through his/her words, actions, and thoughts, along with other characters' responses to that character

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Static Character- a character in a story that does not undergo any significant changes throughout the course of the story.

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Dynamic Character- one that undergoes an inner change within the story, such as a change to their personality or an attitude change.

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Round Character- any character whose depth and complexities are apparent throughout the story.

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Rhetoric- The skillful use of words to persuade or influence others

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How to use rhetoric to get what you want - Camille A. Langston

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Ethos-  Focuses attention on the writer's or speaker's trustworthiness.

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Pathos-  to persuade an audience by purposely evoking certain emotions to make them feel the way the author wants them to feel.

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Logos-  to appeal to the audiences' sense of reason or logic.