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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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35 mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard. In motion pictures that record on film, 35 mm is the most commonly used gauge.

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A twin-lens reflex camera (TLR) is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective

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a darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside. It is important historically in the development of photography.

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The gelatin silver print or gelatin developing out paper (DOP) is a monochrome imaging process based on the light sensitivity of silver halides. They have been made for both contact printing and enlarging purposes by modifying the paper's light sensitivity.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’

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a mark on a surface.

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a flat area of enclosed space.

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the illusion of depth on a flat surface.

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the lightness or darkness of objects.

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the height, width and depth of a work of art.

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the way in which art feels or would seem to feel to the touch.

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hue, value, and intensity.

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Balance is a composition technique that arranges elements within the frame to achieve equal visual weight across the image.

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Variety is the principle of art that adds interest to an artwork.

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Pattern in Photography is a regularity within a scene. It's elements of the scene that repeat themselves in a predictable way. Pattern can be found everywhere and is commonly seen within shapes, colours or textures

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Proportion in photography is usually comparing size of objects, or the amount of one thing to the whole. We generally think of comparing size when talking about proportion.

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Movement in photography simply refers to elements of a photo that are moving (or appear to be moving).

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Unity describes the visual relationship between elements in a photograph. It helps create a cohesive image. Using similar colours or tones, concepts or elements cultivates a sense of unity.

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Emphasis draws viewers into your image and holds them there long enough to tell your story. It adds visual weight to your main subject and tells viewers what to focus on.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

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Constructive criticism focuses on providing constructive feedback, supported by specific examples, to help you improve in some area.

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he practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. Objective: (of a person or their judgement) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

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Copyrights primarily protect the rights of people who create literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works (like history tests, and software code). Trademarks protect the use of a company's name and its product names, brand identity (like logos) and slogans.

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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“Leading lines are a compositional technique where human-made or natural lines lead the viewer's eyes through a photograph to the subject or the heart of the image,” explains photographer Lukas Kosslow.

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The golden ratio is a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. It has been used for centuries by artists, architects, and musicians, but it can also be found everywhere in the natural world. To use the golden ratio in photography, you simply apply it to the placement of objects in your composition.

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Negative space photography is related to minimalist photography. It emphasizes not just the subject, but the empty space around the subject. The viewer's eyes may be drawn to a central figure, but they can't help noticing the large section of emptiness that surrounds and defines that figure.

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Simply put, positive space is the actual subject while negative space (also called white space) is the area surrounding the subject. The latter acts as breathing room for your eyes. Too little negative space results in cluttered and busy photographs with every element in the photo screaming for the viewer's attention.

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Diptychs are a set of two photos you can use to tell a story and emphasise contrast.

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A photographic triptych is a common style used in modern commercial artwork. The photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three.

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An orthographic projection is a way of representing a 3D object by using several 2D views of the object. Orthographic drawings are also known as multiviews. The most commonly used views are top, front, and right side.

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What Is Pincushion Distortion? Pincushion distortion produces the opposite effect from barrel distortion. Instead of an image curving in, pincushion distortion causes straight lines to curve outwards from the center of the image.

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Barrel distortion is created by the curved shape of the lens. Because the lens is curved, the centre of the photo is magnified slightly more than the edges. That makes straight lines appear to curve around the edge of the image. The wider the lens, the more extreme the optical distortion.

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device. The first digital cameras used charge-coupled devices, facilitating movement of the electrical charge through the device so it could be modulated.

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Film grain is the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion. These light-sensitive silver halides change into pure metallic silver when exposed to light, which is how an image is captured on film. So, grain is an inherent part of a film image.

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In digital photographs, the term noise refers to a certain type of visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photography, but can also look like splotches of discoloration when it's really bad, and can ruin a photograph.

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Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16.

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The “f” in f-stop stands for the focal length of the lens. While focal length itself refers to the field of view of a lens, f-stop is about how much light you allow to hit the sensor via the aperture opening.

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The focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at infinity. Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification.

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As a result, depth of field (DoF) is the distance between the nearest and furthest elements in a scene that appear to be "acceptably sharp" in an image. The distance between the camera and the first element that is considered to be acceptably sharp is called DoF near limit.

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What is the bokeh effect? Bokeh is a word with Japanese origins, defined as “the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light.” The word comes from the Japanese word boke (暈け or ボケ), which means “haze” or “blur.” (The “h” was introduced to help English speakers pronounce the word correctly [BO - KEH].)

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Automatic mode means the mode of operating an automated motor vehicle when automated technology is engaged to enable the motor vehicle to operate without any control or monitoring by an operator.

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In program mode the camera selects and sets both the shutter speed and the aperture. For any given brightness of light, the camera has been programmed to set a specific combination of shutter speed and aperture. In low light, for example, the camera might set 1/30 second and f4.

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As the name suggests, “Manual” mode stands for a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls.

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Shutter priority (usually denoted as S on the mode dial), also called time value (abbreviated as Tv), refers to a setting on cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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One of those modes is aperture priority. With it, the photographer selects a specific aperture value and the camera autoselects the proper shutter speed based on how much light it detects.

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1. the time for which a shutter is open at a given setting.

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Bulb mode is simply a shutter speed option that you can select in Manual mode on your camera. It allows your shutter speed to be any length you

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Motion blur is the visual streaking or smearing captured on camera as a result of a moving camera, subject, or a combination of the two.

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1. a three-legged stand for supporting a camera or other apparatus.

2. 2.

3. ARCHAIC

4. a stool, table, or cauldron resting on three legs.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images

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Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured (the frame rate) is much lower than the frequency used to

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Light painting is a photographic technique where light is “painted” or “drawn” into the photograph using a hand held light source during a long exposure.

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What is panning photography? Panning photography freezes objects in motion in a still frame. Explore ways to pan your camera, what shutter speed to use, and other ways to add action to your shots.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode, continuous mode, or burst shot, is a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline. With the face properly exposed, the area around the back and hairline will become over-exposed.

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In a nutshell, metering is how your camera decides what exposure to set the scene at. It influences your camera's settings to allow the scene to be well exposed

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Center-weighted Metering evaluates the light in the middle of the frame and its surroundings and ignores the corners. Compared to Matrix Metering, Center-weighted Metering does not look at the focus point you select and only evaluates the middle area of the image.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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By definition 18% gray is the “mid-point between black and white on a logarithmic or exponential curve.” Think of it this way; it is simply halfway between black and white.

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a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

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Noun. midtone (plural midtones) (photography, art) A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light.

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an outstanding part of an event or period of time.

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a brief evocative description, account, or episode.

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a brownish tone imparted to a photograph, esp an early one such as a calotype. It can be produced by first bleaching a print (after fixing) and then immersing it for a short time in a solution of sodium sulphide or of alkaline thiourea.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder, these points are denoted by sma

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Basically, when you bracket your shots you take exactly the same picture of your subject at several different exposures. This technique gives you a range of options to choose from when you're editing. As a result, it's much less likely that you'll end up with a badly underexposed or overexposed photo.

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In photography, exposure value (EV) is a number that represents a combination of a camera's shutter speed and f-number, such that all combinations that yield the same exposure have the same EV (for any fixed scene luminance).

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White balance (WB) is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo. Proper camera white balance has to take into account the "color temperature" of a light source, which refers to the relative warmth or coolness of white light.

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Switching workspaces changes the panels that are displayed on your screen. Let's look at the differences between Photoshop's default Essentials workspace and ...

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The Picture toolbar contains a collection of icon buttons to allow the user to insert and manage pictures and clip art in the document. Icon. Name. Description.

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What Does Palette Mean When Talking About Photography and Image Editing? Also referred to as 'color palette' the term 'palette' describes the entire range of colors that can be rendered by a digital device such as a camera LCD or a computer monitor.

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What Does Palette Mean When Talking About Photography and Image Editing? Also referred to as 'color palette' the term 'palette' describes the entire range of colors that can be rendered by a digital device such as a camera LCD or a computer monitor.

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The options bar is used to choose settings for each tool (e.g., opacity, fade distance, blending mode). Options on the bar change depending on which tool is currently chosen, and your choices will remain in effect until you change them.

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The word Crop can be defined as “to trim” or “cut back”. The Crop tool in most image processing programs is used to trim off the outside edges of a digital image. Cropping can be used to make an image smaller (in pixels) and/or to change the aspect ration (length to width) of the image.

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For any given photo, aspect ratio describes the proportional relationship between your image's width and height. You can find aspect ratios that are commonly used in photography and film in many of the objects in the world around you

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In practical terms, resolution describes the sharpness, or clarity, of an image or picture. It is expressed in terms of the number of pixels that can be displayed both horizontally and vertically. Resolution is an important factor to measure the visual quality of digital images, photos and videos.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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An Image file format is a file format for a digital image. There are many formats that can be used, such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF. Most formats up until 2022 were for storing 2D images, not 3D ones. The data stored in an image file format may be compressed or uncompressed.

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A RAW file is lossless, meaning it captures uncompressed data from your camera sensor.

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PNG is short for Portable Network Graphic, a type of raster image file.

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A Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) file is a lossy raster file format that compresses an image to make the file smaller. JPEG files are some of the most popular and widely used image formats in the world.

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PSD (Photoshop Document) is an image file format native to Adobe's popular Photoshop Application. It's an image editing friendly format that supports multiple image layers and various imaging options. PSD files are commonly used for containing high quality graphics data.

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In photography, HDR stands for high dynamic range. Dynamic range is simply the range of the lightest tones to the darkest tones within a photo.

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noun. 1. the act or process of recording two superimposed images on a photographic medium, usually done intentionally to produce a special effect. 2. the photograph resulting from such an act.