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2200 B.C.

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The start of American History

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1. Oral literature: epic narratives, creation myths, stories, poems, songs.

2. Use stories to teach moral lessons and convey practical information about the natural world.

3. Deep respect for nature and animals.

4. Cyclical worldview.

5. Figurative language/parallelism.

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The works of the Native American culture were epic narratives, creation myths, stories, songs, and poems.

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George Washington is credited with "Finding America" when the Native Americans had been there first for hundreds if not thousands of years.

https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/native-american-cultures#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20U.S.%20Census,the%20North%2C%20ice%20blocks

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Many thousands of years before Christopher Columbus' ships landed in the Bahamas, a different group of people discovered America: the nomadic ancestors of modern Native Americans who hiked over a "land bridge" from Asia to what is now Alaska more than 12,000 years ago.

In fact, by the time European adventurers arrived in the 15th century A.D., scholars estimate that more than 50 million people were already living in the Americas. Of these, some 10 million lived in the area that would become the United States. As time passed, these migrants and their descendants pushed south and east, adapting as they went.

In order to keep track of these diverse groups, anthropologists and geographers have divided them into "culture areas," or rough groupings of contiguous peoples who shared similar habitats and characteristics. Most scholars break North America-excluding present-day Mexico-into 10 separate culture areas: the Arctic, the Subarctic, the Northeast, the Southeast, the Plains, the Southwest, the Great Basin, California, the Northwest Coast and the Plateau.
Watch a collection of episodes about Native American history on HISTORY Vault
The Arctic

The Arctic culture area, a cold, flat, treeless region (actually a frozen desert) near the Arctic Circle in present-day Alaska, Canada and Greenland, was home to the Inuit and the Aleut. Both groups spoke, and continue to speak, dialects descended from what scholars call the Eskimo-Aleut language family.

Because it is such an inhospitable landscape, the Arctic's population was comparatively small and scattered. Some of its peoples, especially the Inuit in the northern part of the region, were nomads, following seals, polar bears and other game as they migrated across the tundra. In the southern part of the region, the Aleut were a bit more settled, living in small fishing villages along the shore.

Did you know? According to the U.S. Census Bureau, there are about 4.5 million Native Americans and Alaska Natives in the United States today. That's about 1.5 percent of the population.

The Inuit and Aleut had a great deal in common. Many lived in dome-shaped houses made of sod or timber (or, in the North, ice blocks). They used seal and otter skins to make warm, weatherproof clothing, aerodynamic dogsleds and long, open fishing boats (kayaks in Inuit; baidarkas in Aleut).

By the time the United States purchased Alaska in 1867, decades of oppression and exposure to European diseases had taken their toll: The native population had dropped to just 2,500; the descendants of these survivors still make their home in the area today.
READ MORE: Native American History Timeline
The Subarctic

The Subarctic culture area, mostly composed of swampy, piney forests (taiga) and waterlogged tundra, stretched across much of inland Alaska and Canada. Scholars have divided the region's people into two language groups: the Athabaskan speakers at its western end, among them the Tsattine (Beaver), Gwich'in (or Kuchin) and the Deg Xinag (formerly-and pejoratively-known as the Ingalik), and the Algonquian speakers at its eastern end, including the Cree, the Ojibwa and the Naskapi.

In the Subarctic, travel was difficult-toboggans, snowshoes and lightweight canoes were the primary means of transportation-and population was sparse. In general, the peoples of the Subarctic did not form large permanent settlements; instead, small family groups stuck together as they traipsed after herds of caribou. They lived in small, easy-to-move tents and lean-tos, and when it grew too cold to hunt they hunkered into underground dugouts.

The growth of the fur trade in the 17th and 18th centuries disrupted the Subarctic way of life-now, instead of hunting and gathering for subsistence, the Indians focused on supplying pelts to the European traders-and eventually led to the displacement and extermination of many of the region's native communities.

The Northeast

The Northeast culture area, one of the first to have sustained contact with Europeans, stretched from present-day Canada's Atlantic coast to North Carolina and inland to the Mississippi River valley. Its inhabitants were members of two main groups: Iroquoian speakers (these included the Cayuga, Oneida, Erie, Onondaga, Seneca and Tuscarora), most of whom lived along inland rivers and lakes in fortified, politically stable villages, and the more numerous Algonquian speakers (these included the Pequot, Fox, Shawnee, Wampanoag, Delaware and Menominee) who lived in small farming and fishing villages along the ocean. There, they grew crops like corn, beans and vegetables.

Life in the Northeast culture area was already fraught with conflict-the Iroquoian groups tended to be rather aggressive and warlike, and bands and villages outside of their allied confederacies were never safe from their raids-and it grew more complicated when European colonizers arrived. Colonial wars repeatedly forced the region's Indigenous people to take sides, pitting the Iroquois groups against their Algonquian neighbors. Meanwhile, as white settlement pressed westward, it eventually displaced both sets of Indigenous people from their lands.

The Southeast

The Southeast culture area, north of the Gulf of Mexico and south of the Northeast, was a humid, fertile agricultural region. Many of its natives were expert farmers-they grew staple crops like maize, beans, squash, tobacco and sunflower-who organized their lives around small ceremonial and market villages known as hamlets. Perhaps the most familiar of the Southeastern Indigenous peoples are the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole, sometimes called the Five Civilized Tribes, some of whom spoke a variant of the Muskogean language.

By the time the U.S. had won its independence from Britain, the Southeast culture area had already lost many of its native people to disease and displacement. In 1830, the federal Indian Removal Act compelled the relocation of what remained of the Five Civilized Tribes so that white settlers could have their land. Between 1830 and 1838, federal officials forced nearly 100,000 Indigenous people out of the southern states and into "Indian Territory" (later Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi. The Cherokee called this frequently deadly trek the Trail of Tears.
READ MORE: How Native Americans Struggled to Survive on the Trail of Tears
The Plains

The Plains culture area comprises the vast prairie region between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, from present-day Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. Before the arrival of European traders and explorers, its inhabitants-speakers of Siouan, Algonquian, Caddoan, Uto-Aztecan and Athabaskan languages-were relatively settled hunters and farmers. After European contact, and especially after Spanish colonists brought horses to the region in the 18th century, the peoples of the Great Plains became much more nomadic.

Groups like the Crow, Blackfeet, Cheyenne, Comanche and Arapaho used horses to pursue great herds of buffalo across the prairie. The most common dwelling for these hunters was the cone-shaped teepee, a bison-skin tent that could be folded up and carried anywhere. Plains Indians are also known for their elaborately feathered war bonnets.

As white traders and settlers moved west across the Plains region, they brought many damaging things with them: commercial goods, like knives and kettles, which Indigenous people came to depend on; guns; and disease. By the end of the 19th century, white sport hunters had nearly exterminated the area's buffalo herds. With settlers encroaching on their lands and no way to make money, the Plains natives were forced onto government reservations.
READ MORE: How Horses Transformed Life for Plains Indians
The Southwest

The peoples of the Southwest culture area, a huge desert region in present-day Arizona and New Mexico (along with parts of Colorado, Utah, Texas and Mexico) developed two distinct ways of life.

Sedentary farmers such as the Hopi, the Zuni, the Yaqui and the Yuma grew crops like corn, beans and squash. Many lived in permanent settlements, known as pueblos, built of stone and adobe. These pueblos featured great multistory dwellings that resembled apartment houses. At their centers, many of these villages also had large ceremonial pit houses, or kivas.

Other Southwestern peoples, such as the Navajo and the Apache, were more nomadic. They survived by hunting, gathering and raiding their more established neighbors for their crops. Because these groups were always on the move, their homes were much less permanent than the pueblos. For instance, the Navajo fashioned their iconic eastward-facing round houses, known as hogans, out of materials like mud and bark.

By the time the southwestern territories became a part of the United States after the Mexican War, many of the region's native people had already been killed. (Spanish colonists and missionaries had enslaved many of the Pueblo Indians, for example, working them to death on vast Spanish ranches known as encomiendas.) During the second half of the 19th century, the federal government resettled most of the region's remaining natives onto reservations.

The Great Basin

The Great Basin culture area, an expansive bowl formed by the Rocky Mountains to the east, the Sierra Nevadas to the west, the Columbia Plateau to the north, and the Colorado Plateau to the south, was a barren wasteland of deserts, salt flats and brackish lakes. Its people, most of whom spoke Shoshonean or Uto-Aztecan dialects (the Bannock, Paiute and Ute, for example), foraged for roots, seeds and nuts and hunted snakes, lizards and small mammals. Because they were always on the move, they lived in compact, easy-to-build wikiups made of willow poles or saplings, leaves and brush. Their settlements and social groups were impermanent, and communal leadership (what little there was) was informal.

After European contact, some Great Basin groups got horses and formed equestrian hunting and raiding bands that were similar to the ones we associate with the Great Plains natives. After white prospectors discovered gold and silver in the region in the mid-19th century, most of the Great Basin's people lost their land and, frequently, their lives.

California

Before European contact, the temperate California area had more people than any other North American landscape at the time, approximately 300,000 people in the mid-16th century. It's estimated that 100 different tribes and groups spoke more than 200 dialects. These languages were derived from the Penutian (the Maidu, Miwok and Yokuts), the Hokan (the Chumash, Pomo, Salinas and Shasta), the Uto-Aztecan (the Tubabulabal, Serrano and Kinatemuk) and the Athapaskan (the Hupa, among others). Many of the "Mission Indians" who were driven out of the Southwest by Spanish colonization also spoke Uto-Aztecan dialects.

Despite this great diversity, many native Californians lived very similar lives. They did not practice much agriculture. Instead, they organized themselves into small, family-based bands of hunter-gatherers known as tribelets. Inter-tribelet relationships, based on well-established systems of trade and common rights, were generally peaceful.

Spanish explorers infiltrated the California region in the middle of the 16th century. In 1769, the cleric Junipero Serra established a mission at San Diego, inaugurating a particularly brutal period in which forced labor, disease and assimilation nearly exterminated the culture area's native population.
READ MORE: California's Little-Known Genocide
The Northwest Coast

The Northwest Coast culture area, along the Pacific coast from British Columbia to the top of Northern California, has a mild climate and an abundance of natural resources. In particular, the ocean and the region's rivers provided almost everything its people needed-salmon, especially, but also whales, sea otters, seals and fish and shellfish of all kinds. As a result, unlike many other hunter-gatherers who struggled to eke out a living and were forced to follow animal herds from place to place, the Indians of the Pacific Northwest were secure enough to build permanent villages that housed hundreds of people apiece.

Those villages operated according to a rigidly stratified social structure, more sophisticated than any outside of Mexico and Central America. A person's status was determined by his closeness to the village's chief and reinforced by the number of possessions-blankets, shells and skins, canoes and even slaves-he had at his disposal. (Goods like these played an important role in the potlatch, an elaborate gift-giving ceremony designed to affirm these class divisions.)

Prominent groups in the region included the Athapaskan Haida and Tlingit; the Penutian Chinook, Tsimshian and Coos; the Wakashan Kwakiutl and Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka); and the Salishan Coast Salish.

The Plateau

The Plateau culture area sat in the Columbia and Fraser river basins at the intersection of the Subarctic, the Plains, the Great Basin, the California and the Northwest Coast (present-day Idaho, Montana and eastern Oregon and Washington). Most of its people lived in small, peaceful villages along stream and riverbanks and survived by fishing for salmon and trout, hunting and gathering wild berries, roots and nuts.

In the southern Plateau region, the great majority spoke languages derived from the Penutian (the Klamath, Klikitat, Modoc, Nez Perce, Walla Walla and Yakima or Yakama). North of the Columbia River, most (the Skitswish (Coeur d'Alene), Salish (Flathead), Spokane and Columbia) spoke Salishan dialects.

In the 18th century, other native groups brought horses to the Plateau. The region's inhabitants quickly integrated the animals into their economy, expanding the radius of their hunts and acting as traders and emissaries between the Northwest and the Plains.

In 1805, the explorers Lewis and Clark passed through the area, followed by increasing numbers of white settlers. By the end of the 19th century, most of the remaining members of Plateau tribes had been cleared from their lands and resettled in government reservations.

Photo Galleries

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Native Americans, also known as American Indians and Indigenous Americans, are the indigenous peoples of the United States. By the time European adventurers arrived in the 15th century A.D., scholars estimate that more than 50 million Native Americans were already living in the Americas - 10 million in the area that would become the United States.

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The two largest Native American tribes are Cherokee and Navajo. Above is a native Navajo.
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/native-american-cultures#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20U.S.%20Census,the%20North%2C%20ice%20blocks).

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Perhaps the most famous Native American event is the Trail of Tears. The European settlers would force millions of Natives out of their homeland forcing them to move away. The journey away was known as the Trail of Tears as many would die or become deathly ill from the trip. This put a great dent in the Native American population, which did not improve relationships between the settlers.
https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/a38083079/native-american-heritage-month-facts/

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies
1600-1800

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1. Wrote mostly diaries and histories, which expressed the connections between God and their everyday lives.
2. South to "purify" the Church of England by reforming to the simpler forms of worship and church organization described in the New Testament.
3. Saw religion as a personal, inner experience.
4. Believed in original sin and "elect" who would be saved.
5. Used a plain style of writing.

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William Bradford
-"Of Plymouth Plantation"

Anne Bradstreet (poetry)

John Edwards
-"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Edward Taylor
-"Huswifery"

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The first colonies were complete failures and Europe almost gave up on settling in North America. The new land was very different from what they were used to, and the weather was too extreme. Also, the new land had new sicknesses that the settlers hadn't gotten used to, which would kill many people.

https://www.havefunwithhistory.com/colonial-america-facts/

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Food was rare and scarce in the first colonies. The settlers did not know the land or how to hunt, which made finding good food difficult. Many would go hungry and even starve to death. Especially in the winters when the snow would come, they couldn't even grow food, which led to an even greater lack of food.

https://www.havefunwithhistory.com/colonial-america-facts/

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A famous event during this time period was the Salem Witch Trials. Over 200 people were convicted of Witchcraft in Salem Massachusetts, 30 of them were found guilty, and 20 were executed. Most of the accused were girls under the age of 20, who were interested in expanding their knowledge, which was uncommon for the time.

https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/salem-witch-trials

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The enlightenment

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1. Mostly comprised of philosophers, scientists, writing speeches and pamphlets

2. Human beings can arrive at truth (God's rules) by using deductive reasoning, rather than relying on the authority of the past, on religious faith, or intuition

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Benjamin Franklin
—Autobiography

Patrick Henry
—"Speech to the Virginia Convention"

Thomas Paine
—"The Crisis"

Phyllis Wheatley
—poetry

The Constitution

The Bill of Rights

The Declaration of Independence

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It was during the enlightenment that the great Galileo discovered that plants revolve around the sun and not the other way around. It was a common belief to think that the sun revolved around the Earth, which was the center of the universe, but Galileo proved that false, because of the development of the telescope.

https://kidadl.com/facts/age-of-enlightenment-facts-to-improve-your-historical-knowledge#:~:text=The%20era%20of%20Enlightenment%20was,prominent%20features%20of%20the%20Enlightenment.

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During the Enlightenment, the US revolution was also in full effect. The new ideas spreading across Europe would reach America and make their way into the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson would write the declaration, demanding the rights to life, equality, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

https://kidadl.com/facts/age-of-enlightenment-facts-to-improve-your-historical-knowledge#:~:text=The%20era%20of%20Enlightenment%20was,prominent%20features%20of%20the%20Enlightenment.

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The American Revolution from England is a huge event during the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment started to spread many ideas of personal freedom and free thinking. The unfair treatment of the colonists, along with the new thinking and mindset was a recipe for revolution. The Colonists would take on mighty England and come out victorious against all odds.

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Transcendentalism

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1. Everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the Divine Soul.

2. People can use their intuition to behold God's spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls.

3. Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and link conformity to tradition.

4. Important social and political movements include the Abolitionist, Utopian, and Women's Suffrage Movements

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Ralph Waldo Emerson
—Nature
—"Self-Reliance"

Henry David Thoreau
—Walden
—Life in the Woods

Louisa May Alcott
—Little Women

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This period of time had a lot of free thinking and more new ideas being presented. A mindset of freedom and individualism began to grow. Many of the works published were romance novels and a sense of freedom and personal opinions could be detected in almost all of it.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson was the most prominent figure during the Transcendentalism era. His poetry and books were spread all throughout as people were eager to read what he wrote. He wrote his most famous piece is "Self Reliance" that was read all throughout the world. It encouraged people to be free and break away from normal life.

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In 1845, Margret Fuller would publish "Women in the 19th Century" giving insight to what women's life was. This would be the first real impactful step toward equal rights for women. This book would spread around the world, which encouraged women to step up and take control of their lives.

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Tommie Carlos and John Carlos took a stand for African Americans in front of the whole world. After winning gold and bronze in a 200m race, they raised a fist while on the podium. They also took off their shoes and stood in black socks to symbolize the poverty many Africans had to live in. They would be banned from the Olympics and never allowed to compete again. Despite their ban and loss of fame, the moment is stamped into history as an influential moment in sports and African history.

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Tim Bray Quits Amazon VP job over employee firings (2020)

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Tim Bray Quits Amazon VP job over employee firings (2020)

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Tim Bray had a nice job as vice president of Amazon, until he would suddenly resign and quit altogether. During the height of the pandemic, some employees would speak out against the unfair conditions in which they were working. They began to protest and would refuse to work without change. Amazon would fire all the workers who protested in an attempt to quiet down to rumors. It was because of this that Tim Bray would quit, taking a stand against Amazon and siding with the protesters.

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Romanticism
Industrialization

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1. Valued feeling, intuition, idealism, and inductive reasoning.

2. Placed faith in inner experience and the power of the imagination.

3. Shunned the artificiality of civilization and sought unspoiled nature as a path to spirituality.

4. Championed individual freedom and the worth of the individual

5. Saw poetry as the highest expression of the imagination

6. Dark Romantics: used dark and supernatural themes/settings (Gothic style)

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Washington Irving
—"Rip van Winkle"

Emily Dickinson
—poetry

Walt Whitman
—Leaves of Grass

Edgar Allan Poe
—"The Raven"

Nathaniel Hawthorne
—The Scarlet Letter

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The War of 1812 was a fight between America and the United Kingdom. The US would go to war because of a few reasons. One, the British were interfering with their trades and capturing their sailors. Two, the US wanted to expand into the other Spanish, British and Indian territories, and grow their land in North America.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-10-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-war-of-1812-102320130/

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The California Gold Rush (1848-1855)
The Gold Rush began when gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill. The News would spread like fire and soon over 300,000 people would travel to California with hopes of finding gold. The Miners would live in terrible conditions and dig day after day until exhaustion.

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The Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention in the US. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the leader of the event and would draft the Declaration of Sentiments. This declaration would call for women's equality and rights and would be the first step toward equality.

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Not all Puritans supported the Salem Witch trials and actually tried to help the convicted. Over 20 women were put to death during the Salem Witch Trails, but not everyone agreed with the verdict. Some claimed it was unfair to label them as witches for having knowledge. They did what they could to sway the popular belief but nothing worked.

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Hawthorne was an American Writer who wrote The Scarlet Letter. He came from a family of Puritans and was very critical of the faith. He would criticize it in his work, by showing the bad side of the faith in his characters. He was directly related to a judge in the Salem Witch Trials, Judge John Hathorne. Nathaniel would add a W to his name to not be recognized as a descendant of John.

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McCarthyism was the act of creating false accusations of communism, to scare the people. They would sometimes exaggerate the extent of communism, or even make up completely new facts that would scare the people.

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The Salem witch trials were because the women were different and didn't live the same way as everyone else. The people didn't know what to do and felt threatened, so they would put them to death. Other examples of this would be the French in the 1790s. Anyone they suspected who didn't support the revolution would be put to death by guillotine.

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Robert Frost was the most famous poet of his time. He would drop out of college 2 different times. First, he dropped out of Dartmouth, then, he would later also drop out of Harvard. He was also the first poet to speak at a presidential inauguration. John F. Kennedy invited him to read a poem in front of a crowd to make the event memorable. He is also the only poet in history to win 4 different Pulitzer prizes. No other poet has achieved this, leaving him in a category all on his own.

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Emerson was a son of a Boston man. Even though named Ralph, he would go by his middle name, Waldo, for most of his life. He would lead the transcendentalist movement in the U.S. with his writings and poems. He was always a smart kid, being accepted into Harvard when only 14 years old.

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Edgar Allen Poe had a very interesting life. At just 3 years old he became an orphan. He would eventually end up marrying his 13-year-old cousin when he was 27 years old. He would die in 1849, but no one knows how. Still, to this day nobody knows how or why E.A. Poe died.

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Realism

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Mark Twain
-Huckleberry Finn

Jack London
-Call of the Wild
-"To Build a Fire"

Stephen Crane
-"The Open Boat"

Ambrose Bierce
-"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"

Kate Chopin
-"Story of an Hour"
-The Awakening

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The realism period is known for its accurate depictions of nature and life. They didn't only show the good side of life but also the bad. They showed the poor and the struggle that common people had to go through.

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During this period, unlike many others, sculpting and architecture did not play large parts. many of the famous works were paintings and drawings that showed the side of life many didn't want to see.

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Even though he is a famous writer, before it all, he was a steamboat pilot and a miner. Possibly his most famous work, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn would take him over 7 years to write. He even invented a board game, it never really picked up but he spent a lot of time creating it.

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Alice Walker is a novelist, short story writer, and poet. She was the first African American women to win the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. She Also has multiple middle names with her full name being Alice Malsenior Tallulah-Kate Walker. When she was only 8 years old her brother accidentally shot her in the eye, leaving her blind in one eye. Despite that she never let it hold her back.

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Modernism 1900-1950

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1. Feelings of disillusionment.
2. Common subjects: slums of rapidly growing cities, factories replacing farmlands, poor factory workers, corrupt politicians.
3. Represented the manner and environment of everyday life and ordinary people as realistically as possible (Regionalism).
4. Sought to explain behavior (psychologically/socially).

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Lorraine Hansberry
-A Raisin in the Sun

F. Scott Fitzgerald
-The Great Gatsby

William Faulkner
-"A Rose for Emily"

Eudora Welty
-"A Worn Path"

Robert Frost
-poetry

T. S. Eliot
-The Waste Land
-"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

John Steinbeck
-Of Mice and Men
-The Grapes of Wrath

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the 20s was a time of prohibitions. It was illegal to sell or distribute alcohol in the United States. It was only allowed for medicinal use under the supervision of a doctor. Because of this, many speakeasies, an undercover bar where people could purchase alcohol, would begin to open up and become very popular.

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Cinema really took off during the 20s. Starts like Charlie Chaplin would become sensations. Having Extra change after a day of work would mean that they could go watch a movie, which was many peoples choice.

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In the year 1920, the nineteenth amendment to the constitution was made. This granted women the right to vote. After years of suffrage, women finally won their rights.

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The term "American Dream" was coined in 1931 by James Truslow Adams. He said everyone deserved equal chances and opportunities, regardless of class or race.

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The American Dream was very different in the 1940's. The dream was to own land, have a good job, and a family. Today, the dream is to own expensive items and have the newest cars.

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The 50's American Dream was very focused on materialism. Having all the new innovations and updated products was the sign of prosperity and "living the dream." The men would go to work and the women would stay at home and take care of the house.

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World War 2 ended in the late 1940s, meaning the '50s was peacetime for the US. One where people turned their focus to their family and made life the best they could. The economy would grow rapidly as the people began to return to their jobs and the workforce increased.

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Harlem Renaissance
"The Jazz Age"
"The Roaring 20s"

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"The New Negro Movement"
1919-1925

Prohibition
1920-1933

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1.Black cultural movement in Harlem, New York
2.Some poetry rhythms based on spirituals and jazz, lyrics on the blues, and diction from the street talk of the ghettos
3. Other poetry used conventional lyrical forms

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James Weldon Johnson

Claude McKay

Countee Cullen

Langston Hughes (poetry)

Zora Neale Hurston

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The 60s dream was all about peace and equality. For a post World War II United States, involved in a war in Vietnam, all the people wanted was peace and freedom. The dream of equality also was loudly proclaimed, for African Americans and women.

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the 70's dream was about peace and successful family life. It was finally a time of peace for the U.S. and the people wanted to enjoy it. Family life was most important and hippies were on the rise. The dream was to work hard and live a quiet peaceful life.

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The "Dream" of the eighties was to have fun, and make money. Not just some money or enough to get by, but as much as you possibly could.

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Pop Culture was very big in shaping the U.S. at this time with music and movies. Big franchises like Star Wars would be coming out in theaters and were very popular.

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Have money power, and status. That was the message among the people during the 90's. The dream centered around money and being famous, and doing whatever you could to get there.

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The dream still revolved around money and being famous, but the greed was not as clear as it was in previous decades. Terrorism and other world conflicts would arise and force the country to unite. A slight dream for peace and calmness would begin to arise for the first time in a long while.

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1950-Present

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Korean War
1950-1953

Vietnam War
1954-1975

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1. Influenced by studies of media, language, and information technology.
2. Sense that little is unique; culture endlessly duplicates itself.
3. New literary forms and techniques: works composed of only dialogue, or combining fiction and nonfiction, experimenting with physical appearance of their work.

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Alice Walker

Wallace Stevens

e.e. cummings

Maya Angelou

Anne Sexton

James Baldwin

Richard Wright

Sandra Cisneros

Amy Tan

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Over three million people would die as a result of the Vietnam war. Sadly, almost two million innocent civilians would be part of that number, while only 1 million soldiers would die.

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In 2008, a financial crisis causing the stock market to crash would devastate the nation. Over 2 trillion dollars were lost and left many with no money. It would take almost 2 years to recover it is known as the largest crash since the great depression in 1929.

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The main character finds a key in his deceased father's belongings, and began a journey to find out what it unlocks. He has to go all around New York trying to find out what this key unlocks and why his father had it.

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We have gone over many different periods and different books and manuscripts. From when the colonists first arrived in the US, to modern-day events and texts. From the 1500s to the 2000s, there were over 500 years of literature and historical events that affected history and helped shape the world today.