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What is "culture"?

It is not an easy question to answer, but most people will say that they know culture when they "see" it.

Work alone and look at the pictures below.

What impressions do you get about the culture in the pictures below?

Write down at least 3 different impressions about each picture.

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USA Travel Agency task aktualisiert Version 2 ohne

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What does the 4th of July mean to Americans today?

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Summarize the text by putting the 5 sentences into the right order.

1.  Many people were unhappy with the tyrannical King George III.

2.  and the Revolutionary War was fought until 1783.
3.  As a result, the Provincial Congresses were created,
4.  America was a British colony until 1776,
5.  and was ruled by Great Britain and King George III.

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Read the short text and answer the questions:

Explain the phrase from the United States Declaration of Independence: 'Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness'

How do Americans celebrate the 4th of July?

What do 4th of July celebrations remind Americans about?

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dr-fjQuQUnI&t=23s

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Calendar Days: Independence Day - 4th of July History

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American Dream - Reading Comprehension-6

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Read the text and work with the worksheet.

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American Dream - Reading Comprehension-5

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Work in pairs!

Look at the four pictures. They each show different types of holidays.

Create a mind map with the word holiday in the middle.

Write down words or short statements that relate to each of the four pictures. Include both positive and negative words.

Be as specific as you can, and look up additional words in your thesaurus if you need inspiration.

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What is a Great Holiday according to you? 

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What is a Great Holiday according to you? 

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Work in groups of 3 or 4.

Read the statements.
What are the main points in these short statements?

Find something in the statements that you either can or cannot relate to. Explain why.

section

Travelling

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Comprehension:

Find at least 3 words in the text that you do not know or do not use very often.

Look up the precise meaning of the words.

Then make sentences that show you understand the word.

Swap sentences with a partner, and look at them together.

Pay attention to how you make the sentences.

For example, if you have to show you understand the word car.

Correct: “A car is used for transport, and they usually travel on roads” or “We were going to take the car to town, but it ran out of gas half way there”.

Wrong: “My favorite car is a Porsche” or “We only use the car in an emergency”.

_____________________

According to Mr Barrett, what are the main reasons people have for travelling?

Make a list or mind map of the reasons you can find.

Now get together in groups of 3 or 4.

1. Do you agree with the reasons in the text?

2. Can you think of other reasons for travelling abroad during your holiday?

Discuss and make sure you give reasons and examples to illustrate your points.

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Camilla takes over the classes with her own padlet.

https://padlet.com/ur9mofhkvy/this-is-england-the-uk-dgu6pjvo5e99mwix

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Discuss which rules you would rate as most important. Decide on five and write them down in order of importance.

Present your rules to the class.

_____________________

Write the set of netiquette rules agreed on in class.

Share your opinion of each of the rules.

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In your groups, read the article provided using the method below.

Oplæser (der læser et afsnit op).

Referent (der laver mundtligt eller skriftligt referat med det væsentlige indhold).

Overskriftsmester (der giver det læste afsnit en overskrift).

Sammenhængsmester (der sætter det læste i sammenhæng med det foregående).

Fordel rollerne imellem jer.

Inddel teksten i afsnit, hvis jeres lærer ikke allerede har gjort det.

Oplæser skal læse det første afsnit op.

Referent skal nu lave et kort mundtligt eller skriftligt referat af afsnittet med dets væsentligste indhold.

Overskriftsmester skal herefter give det læste afsnit en overskrift.

Til slut sætter sammenhængsmester det læste i sammenhæng med det foregående eller kommende afsnit.

Det er vigtigt, at I alle laver noter, hvor I bruger referaterne fra øvelsen og overskriftsmesterens overskrifter.

I skal nu bytte rolle.

Fortsæt sådan, indtil teksten er læst.

https://www.verywellmind.com/ten-rules-of-netiquette-22285

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10 Basic Rules of Netiquette or Internet Etiquette

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Netiquette is short for Internet etiquette. Following online etiquette rules when you use technology helps preserve your relationships and reputation.

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Discuss netiquette, and agree on a set of rules for online behaviour.

When you socialise with people, whether it is in public or at the home of your grandparents, there are certain codes of behaviour that are more socially acceptable than others. This also applies to the Internet and is called 'netiquette'.

Discuss:

In groups of four, discuss the following questions and take notes:

What is good online behaviour in your opinion?

Why are netiquette rules important when you communicate online?

How do you prevent cyberbullying?

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Have you ever posted something online that you later regretted?

​Individually, prepare answers for the following questions, and take notes:

Have you ever written an update that you would now say was 'no-go'?

Have you ever written something you later regretted?

Do you think people talk more or less nicely to each other online?​

Talk about your answers in class.

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Work in groups of four. Each group member writes their list items on a piece of paper and cuts them out into cards.

Put the cards in a pile.

Take turns pulling a card from the pile, and decide if you think it belongs in the 'go' or 'no-go' category.

Explain your choice. You do not have to agree about your choices.

Even though one group member thinks a card is a 'go' card, another group member may think it is a 'no-go' card.

Discuss your choices if you disagree.

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Individually, create a top five list of what you share on social media, and a top five list of things you would not share.

Create a chart with two columns:

What I would share
What I would not share

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Read Article

Work in pairs, and read the article to get inspiration and background knowledge.

Take turns reading one paragraph aloud. Correct each other's pronunciation.

Look up words that you don't understand in a dictionary.

Sum up the text using a maximum of ten sentences.

https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/04/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-user-privacy-issues-my-mistake.html

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Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg is taking personal responsibility for letting third parties access Facebook user data without permission, and says the company will embark on a three-year push to prevent it from happening in the future.

"I started this place, I run it," Zuckerberg said during a call with reporters on Wednesday. "I'm responsible for what happened here."

No one has been fired at Facebook due to the Cambridge Analytica data leak scandal, he revealed. But he admitted the company did not do enough to focus on preventing abuse and minimized the impact of its platforms, calling the lack of action "a huge mistake, my mistake."

He added, "I'm going to do the best job running it going forward, but I'm not going to throw anyone under the bus."

Facebook has been under heavy scrutiny over its use of user data, especially after evidence of Russian interference through advertising during the 2016 U.S. presidential election was discovered. In March, The Guardian and the New York Times reported consulting firm Cambridge Analytica used personal data which was obtained improperly through a quiz app to find potential President Donald Trump voters.

The process to safeguard Facebook is a multi-year effort, Zuckerberg said adding the company will focus on a three-year push but is committed to on-going work. While it may incrementally get better over time, Zuckerberg doesn't expect it will be fixed anytime soon "given how complex Facebook is and how many systems there are and how we have to rethink our relationship with people."

Facebook has 15,000 people working on security and reviewing content, and will have 20,000 by the end of the year, Zuckerberg said.

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Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg: 'I'm responsible for what happened'

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Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg is taking personal responsibility for letting third parties access Facebook user data without permission, and says the company will embark on a three-year push to prevent it from happening in the future. "I started this place, I run it," Zuckerberg said during a call with reporters on Wednesday.

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Write 'go' and 'no-go' social media posts, and talk about why some of them would be a bad idea to post online.

Think about which pictures you post on social media and what they might say about you. You may not want your parents or your boss to find out that you and your friends were partying last Tuesday.

Have you had a friend tag you in a picture on social media that you did not want to be tagged in? Or have you ever written something that perhaps was not a good idea to post? Many young people view social media as an online world where they can be open about their private lives. But sometimes they forget that real-life privacy and privacy on social media go hand in hand. So, keep this in mind before you make a post about skipping school: your parents and teachers are also on social media.

What are your thoughts?
Write a text (300 words) about your thoughts on social media, how it should be used and how much privacy is respected. Name some examples (Snapchat, Instagram, TikTok?).

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Conduct a survey to learn more about the online habits of your peers.

Background

Almost all young people today use social media. Social media can be used for different purposes – communicating with friends, expressing one's identity and keeping up to date with current events – and some people are more active on social media than others. Conducting a survey is a great way to learn more about the habits of a group of people.

Collect Data - use Google Analyze or create a survey and print it out.

In pairs, create a social media survey about one or several aspects of social media, e.g. how many social media platforms the respondents use, how often they post photos or videos, how much time they spend on social media every day, or how many people they follow.

Collect as many responses as possible.

Display the results of your survey in a graph or pie chart.

Present Survey

Team up with another pair and present the results of your survey. You get one minute to present and one minute to listen to your classmates' results.

Were you surprised by any of your results? Why?

Evaluation

In class, talk about the following questions:

If you had asked the same questions in a different way, would you have gotten different responses?

How many responses do you need to make your results significant?

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In your groups, read the text 'Facebook'.

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“It’s easy to put people in boxes. There’s us. And there’s them.”

Human beings tend to sort people into groups. For example, “he’s young” (not old) or “she’s English” (not Irish). We sometimes exaggerate the differences between ourselves and people from other groups – “Danes are completely different to Swedes!” – even though there are many things that unite us. In the commercial you are going to watch, TV2 brings together 80 very different people. They are about to discover just how much they have in common.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jD8tjhVO1Tc

Discussion

What was your impression of the commercial?

How did watching it make you feel? Surprised, impressed, touched, happy, sad, proud, grateful …?

Which other questions could the people in the commercial have been asked?

Discussion

Why do you think we tend to put people in boxes?

Discuss the statement, “An open world begins with an open mind.” Do you agree with it? Why/why not?

Where do you think prejudices come from? Are we born with them, or are they something we learn?

What is a good way to meet someone from another culture? Is there a certain attitude that is good to have? Are there questions that are good to ask – and some you shouldn’t ask?

Useful words:
prejudice, stereotype, open-minded, hateful, unfriendly, friendly, curious, respectful, rude, polite, tolerant, different, equal.

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Walk around in class with this copy sheet.

Find a partner. Use the copy sheet to ask your partner a question. For example, “Have you been to England?” or “Are you on a sports team?”

If your partner says yes, write his or her name on your sheet. Then go on to the next question with another partner.

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Groupwork/Partnerwork

Make a mind map with keywords about Patriot.

It could be words like friendship, family or prejudice – or any other words you think describe the film and its story.

The Theme
A theme is the central message of a story. The theme is not always easy to find because it is often hidden underneath the surface of the film. It is an underlying meaning that is often linked to the message of the film. So, when you are trying to find the theme in a film (or text), try to find out what the author wants you to learn or remember. What is the moral of the story? What advice does the story give? What does the story tell you about life and/or the world?

A theme deals with some sort of "human dilemma". It could be loyalty, jealousy, rebellion, friendship or love. A short film that deals with love could have one of these themes: "Love is blind", "Love requires sacrifice" or "Love conquers all."

Discussion

Look at your mind map from the preparation task again.

Use the words as inspiration.

Try to come up with a phrase that describes the theme of Patriot.

Talk about the theme in class. Can you all agree on a theme – or the most important theme?

Discussion

How did watching Patriot make you feel?

Do you think the film has a message? If so, what is it?

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Watch the scene where Hannah hits the boy once more (start the film at 09:40 minutes).

Answer these questions:

What happens? Describe the scene carefully.

Why does Hannah hit the boy?

What do you think she feels – before and after knocking him down?

Why does Hannah run away?

What could she have done instead?

6. What did watching this scene make you feel?

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A conflict is an important part of a good story. There are many different types of conflict, but they can be sorted into two groups: internal conflicts and external conflicts. An internal conflict takes place inside a character’s mind. For example, a character could be struggling with an important decision . An external conflict is a struggle against something the character cannot control. It could be a struggle against an old enemy or a fight against a monster.

The conflict grows and finally reaches a climax. The climax is where the action peaks. It is the turning point of the story that makes the audience wonder, “What will happen next?!” Finally, there is an ending. In some endings, the conflict is ended or resolved. In other endings, it is not. We call this type of ending an open ending.

Place the sentences from your summary under these four headings: beginning, conflict, climax, ending.

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Watch the rest of the short film.

Describe what happens in Patriot in just 10 sentences.

Write down your summary.

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Comprehension

Watch the first minute of Patriot. Stop the film at 01:15 minutes when the clapping begins.

Answer these questions in your Docs:

What happens in this first part of the film?

How many characters do you see? Describe them.

Who do you think the main character is and why?

What is the setting? What did you notice about it?

How would you describe the mood or atmosphere?

Useful words:
happy, festive, optimistic, funny, loud, quiet, peaceful, serious, cold, tense, scary, violent, threatening, sad.

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The setting

In short films , the setting is often significant. It is the background against which the story takes place, and it gives context to everything the characters do. The setting can tell you a lot about the characters, their life and background. It can express the mood or atmosphere in the film. It can even hint at the theme of the film.

You often get a good sense of the setting of a short film quite early on – usually in the introduction, which also presents the main character and sets off the storyline. When you watch the introduction to Patriot, try to notice these parts of the setting:

Place: Where is the film set? (country, city/suburbia/countryside, neighbourhood, inside/outside)

Time: What time is the film set in? (past/present/future, season, day, time of day)

Mood: What is the atmosphere in the film like? (happy, sad, funny, optimistic, threatening, etc.)

Symbols: Are there any special signs, symbols or colours that seem important?

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The "setting" is the time and place of a story. It could be a high school in California in the 1990s or a distant planet in the year 2075.

Work with your partner:

Think of TV shows or films you have seen.

Take turns describing a setting to your partner.

Explain when and where the show/film takes place.

Useful phrases:

The film takes place in … The film is set in … The location of the film is ...

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Writing task: From full-length into short film

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Writing task: From full-length into short film

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Indivdual:

Choose a full-length film.

Imagine you were to change the film into a short film.

Which part of the film would you use?

How would you change the scene(s)?

Would it even be possible?

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Comprehension and comparison - discuss with your partner:

What are the differences between short films and full-length films?

What characteristics do they have in common?

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What is a short film?

The short film is a genre with its own characteristics. The most important one is that a short film is no longer than 30 minutes. Any film longer than that is considered a full-length film. 30 minutes is not much time to tell a story. There is no time for complicated storylines with lots of characters and events, so the storyline is usually simple. It revolves around a main character and just a few other characters. The characters’ relationship with one another – or the conflict between them – is important.

There are various other short film characteristics that you can read about in the list below. Not all short films have all these characteristics. Usually, some of them will fit the film, while others will not.

Characteristics of short films:

is no longer than 30 minutes

can be a documentary or a work of fiction

has few characters

has little dialogue

usually starts in the middle of things

has a simple and concentrated storyline

has a short time frame, e.g. an afternoon

focuses on just one event or conflict

has a main theme and a specific point to make

draws attention to the mood in the film

has an unexpected twist or surprise ending

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Preparation - Discuss with your partner:

Where have you seen short films before?

What types of short films have you seen?

What do you think is special about the short film genre?

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Take notes:

What do you think a film called Patriot could be about?

Try to guess, and write down some notes.

Compare your guesses in class.

Now watch the trailer for Patriot:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lF4Ifxgx9rY

Do you wish to change your mind regarding the storyline of the film? If so, how?

What is your first impression of the short film?

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Use your brainstorm from the preparation task to write your own definition of a patriot.

Use a dictionary if you need help. Then answer these questions:

In what context(s) have you heard the word being used in connection to Danes?

In what context(s) have you heard the word being used in connection to other nationalities?

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Do a brainstorm on the word "Patriot". If you do not know the word, find a definition in the dictionary.

Each of you then writes suggestions on post-its for what:

a patriot is

a patriot believes

a patriot does

a patriot does not

Put your post-its on the black board. We will go through the statements and see with which we agree or disagree.

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time to show what you can!

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overviews and tasks

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individually, in groups or all together

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time to read

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take notes - room for thoughts

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New theme

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Work in groups of max. four.

The video you are about to see is called "The Pursuit of Happiness".
It is part of an American television show called "60 Minutes" which is aired on CBS.

The journalist Morley Safer takes a closer look at the Danes.

If Norwegians are richer, and Swedes are healthier then why are the Danes happier?
Especially if one of the most famous Danes, Hamlet, looks so depressed?

Watch the video here, and answer the questions:

1. Do Danes have more fun because they are blond?
2. Why does the professor think Danes are happy?
3. Do the Danes go around and show that they are happy?
4. What are some of the things Americans think Danes should be happy about?
5. Name one of the points the students make about happiness.

Watch the video again, and check your answers.

Were any of the things from your personal lists about happiness mentioned in the clip? If yes, which one(s)?

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Consider these questions:

1. What is happiness?
2. What do you need to be happy?

Write down at least 5 things that you consider essential to happiness.

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Written work - with paper and pencil!

Write an essay about spending time abroad as a student.

Consider the pros and cons of being an exchange student.

Is it something you would like to try?

Explain and give reasons.

Write between 350 and 450 words.

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Comprehension

Read the text by yourself.

Then work with a partner, and answer the following questions:

1. Which things did Jacob find familiar when he arrived?
2. Name some of the things that surprised him.
3. Which part of the text seems most strange to you?
4. Find similarities between the Australian and Danish culture.
5. Can you imagine spending a year abroad? Why? Why not? Give your reasons.

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Partner- or groupwork:

Find a statement about culture in the interview.

It can either be a statement you agree with or one you disagree with.

Present and explain your opinion to the group.

You must include at least 3 reasons in your presentation.

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Interview - What is "Culture" According to You?

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Interview - What is "Culture" According to You?

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Read the interview by yourself.

Then work together in groups of four.

Divide the characters between you, and re-read the text together.

Note down the different types of culture mentioned in the interview.

You can also consider which of the cultures are mostly social (connected to a society) and which are mostly personal.

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Individually:
It is easy to experience different types of culture when we travel, but sometimes we have to look closely to notice different cultures in our everyday lives.

Most of us see many different cultures every day, but we do not realise it.

Make a mind map of some of the different cultures you might encounter during a normal week.

Remember to write what kind of culture you think it is and where you might encounter it.

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Take turns presenting your thoughts and impressions about the pictures.
Then discuss the following questions:

1. Do you have the same impressions?
2. Where in the pictures did you "find" culture?
3. Did you find some of the pictures familiar? Explain.

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https://blacklivesmatter.com/

Partner Work
You will prepare a poster about the Black Lives Matter movement. We will hang your posters in the classroom.

You can use the link above to start your research.

You should:

Find out more about the Black Lives Matter movement.

What is it about?

Who are founders of the movement?

Where and when did it start? And why?

Include photos, important quotes, hashtags, posts about the movement

Be creative! Use markers, pens, colors, photos, small texts or key words on your poster - make it look pretty.

_____________________

Present the poster to the class.

Use cue cards with key words.

Present ca. 5 minutes

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https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-53337780

Individual Work

Read the newspaper article carefully and take notes in your Docs.

Write a short summary about its content.

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Lately, there have been examples of people using their phones to film and post videos of (often) white people harassing and/or calling the police on black people doing everyday things.

Look at this news segment, (click) which shows different examples of footage that have made headlines in the news and on social media.

It includes:

a woman hitting a black boy at a community pool,

a woman calling the police on a black girl selling water,

a woman calling the police because black people were barbecuing in a park

and a man harassing a woman for wearing a T-shirt with the Puerto Rican flag on it.

In all these cases, the person who was filmed was also arrested. Some even lost their jobs.

Watch the video and answer the following questions about it.

Do you think it is a good thing to film these episodes?

What are the pros and cons of a situation like this?

Do these videos help solve the problems or do they create new problems?

The barbecue woman became a popular meme (click) in the weeks that followed.

Do you think humor helps situations like these?

Do you think this is constructive humor or ridicule?

Discuss your thoughts with the people at your table and share your findings with the class.

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Take a moment to think about these two questions:

Have you heard the term racial profiling?

What do you think it means?

Racial profiling should not be confused with cultural stereotypes.

Look at the map above. It illustrates (in a humorous way) some of the cultural stereotypes Americans have about the world.

Then read this definition of racial profiling:

Racial profiling is a longstanding and deeply troubling national problem despite claims that the United States has entered a “post-racial era.” It occurs every day, in cities and towns across the country, when law enforcement and private security target people of color for humiliating and often frightening detentions, interrogations, and searches without evidence of criminal activity and based on perceived race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion. Racial profiling is patently illegal, violating the U.S. Constitution’s core promises of equal protection under the law to all and freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. Just as importantly, racial profiling is ineffective. It alienates communities from law enforcement, hinders community policing efforts, and causes law enforcement to lose credibility and trust among the people they are sworn to protect and serve.

Open your Docs and:

How is racial profiling different from cultural stereotypes?

Try to find examples of both.

Watch this video

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling-2-0-cbsn-originals-documentary/?intcid=CNM-00-10abd1h

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Let's talk ...
Together we are talking about the Black Lives Matter movement.

What do you know about it?

What started the uprising protests and the slogan?

What does it mean?

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https://www.loc.gov/lgbt-pride-month/about/

Individual Work

Read the text and watch the video.

Research a little more online about Christopher Street Day.

Write a text about Christopher Street Day. Include info about:

the history - when was it held for the first time?

the people included - protestors - historically and today.

Christopher Street Day today.

Write at least 300 words. Write on per hand on paper or with the computer in a docs - print your essay and hand it in to me.

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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) Pride Month is currently celebrated each year in the month of June to honor the 1969 Stonewall Uprising in Manhattan. The Stonewall Uprising was a tipping point for the Gay Liberation Movement in the United States. In the United States the last Sunday in June was initially celebrated as "Gay Pride Day," but the actual day was flexible. In major cities across the nation the "day" soon grew to encompass a month-long series of events. Today, celebrations include pride parades, picnics, parties, workshops, symposia and concerts, and LGBTQ Pride Month events attract millions of participants around the world. Memorials are held during this month for those members of the community who have been lost to hate crimes or HIV/AIDS. The purpose of the commemorative month is to recognize the impact that lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals have had on history locally, nationally, and internationally.

In 1994, a coalition of education-based organizations in the United States designated October as LGBT History Month. In 1995, a resolution passed by the General Assembly of the National Education Association included LGBT History Month within a list of commemorative months. National Coming Out Day (October 11), as well as the first "March on Washington" in 1979, are commemorated in the LGBTQ community during LGBT History Month.

Annual LGBTQ+ Pride Traditions

The first Pride march in New York City was held on June 28, 1970, on the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising. Primary sources available at the Library of Congress provide detailed information about how this first Pride march was planned and the reasons why activists felt so strongly that it should exist. Looking through the Lili Vincenz and Frank Kameny Papers in the Library's Manuscript Division, researchers can find planning documents, correspondence, flyers, ephemera and more from the first Pride marches in 1970. This, the first U.S. Gay Pride Week and March, was meant to give the community a chance to gather together to "...commemorate the Christopher Street Uprisings of last summer in which thousands of homosexuals went to the streets to demonstrate against centuries of abuse ... from government hostility to employment and housing discrimination, Mafia control of Gay bars, and anti-Homosexual laws" (Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee Fliers, Franklin Kameny Papers). The concept behind the initial Pride march came from members of the Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations (ERCHO), who had been organizing an annual July 4th demonstration (1965-1969) known as the " Reminder Day Pickets," at Independence Hall in Philadelphia. At the ERCHO Conference in November 1969, the 13 homophile organizations in attendance voted to pass a resolution to organize a national annual demonstration, to be called Christopher Street Liberation Day.

As members of the Mattachine Society of Washington, Frank Kameny and Lilli Vincenz participated in the discussion, planning, and promotion of the first Pride along with activists in New York City and other homophile groups belonging to ERCHO.

By all estimates, there were three to five thousand marchers at the inaugural Pride in New York City, and today marchers in New York City number in the millions. Since 1970, LGBTQ+ people have continued to gather together in June to march with Pride and demonstrate for equal rights.

Watch documentary footage of the first Pride march, "Gay and Proud," a documentary by activist Lilli Vincenz:

Gay and Proud

Footage of one of the earliest Gay Pride demonstration marches, the first Christopher Street Liberation Day Parade, held in New York City, New York, on June 28, 1970, to commemorate the first anniversary of the Stonewall Riots.

Executive and Legislative Documents

The Law Library of Congress has compiled guides to commemorative observations, including a comprehensive inventory of the Public Laws, Presidential Proclamations and congressional resolutions related to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual Transgender and Queer Pride Month.

Images Used on this Site

[Arthur Laurents, director La Cage aux Folles]

Walt Whitman
1819-1892

Lilli Vincenz
(The Ladder), January 1966, Lilli Vincenz Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress

Frank Kameny (in suit), June 1948, Box 137, Folder 10, Frank Kameny Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress

Pauli Murray of New York, winner of a 1946 Mademoiselle Merit Award for signal achievement in law

Bayard Rustin
1912 - 1987

Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden announces the Library's acquisition of the AIDS Memorial Quilt Archive during a ceremony in the Great Hall, November 20, 2019. Photo by Shawn Miller/Library of Congress External .

The cast of Queer Eye discuss LGBTQ+ youth issues during a conversation with moderator Jonathan Capehart, April 3, 2019. Photo by Shawn Miller.

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About | Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Pride Month | Library of Congress

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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) Pride Month is currently celebrated each year in the month of June to honor the 1969 Stonewall Uprising in Manhattan. The Stonewall Uprising was a tipping point for the Gay Liberation Movement in the United States.

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https://edition.cnn.com/2015/06/19/us/lgbt-rights-milestones-fast-facts/index.html

Groupwork

Work in groups of 3.

Read through the timeline.

Choose at least 8 dates that you think are the most important milestones for the LGBTQ+ community.

Write these dates on a poster and add the important information in key words - create an actual timeline with A3 paper.

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Here is a look at LGBTQ milestones in the United States. LGBTQ is an acronym meaning lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer or questioning. The term sometimes is extended to LGBTQIA, to include intersex and asexual groups. Queer is an umbrella term for non-straight people; intersex refers to those whose sex is not clearly defined because of genetic, hormonal, or biological differences; and asexual describes those who don't experience sexual attraction.

Timeline:

1924 - The Society for Human Rights is founded by Henry Gerber in Chicago. It is the first documented gay rights organization.

1950 - The Mattachine Society is formed by activist Harry Hay and is one of the first sustained gay rights groups in the United States. The Society focuses on social acceptance and other support for homosexuals.

April 1952 - The American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual lists homosexuality as a sociopathic personality disturbance.

April 27, 1953 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs an executive order that bans homosexuals from working for the federal government, saying they are a security risk.

September 1955 - The first known lesbian rights organization in the United States forms in San Francisco. Daughters of Bilitis (DOB). They host private social functions, fearing police raids, threats of violence and discrimination in bars and clubs.

July 1961 - Illinois becomes the first state to decriminalize homosexuality by repealing their sodomy laws.

September 11, 1961 - The first US-televised documentary about homosexuality airs on a local station in California.

June 28, 1969 - Police raid the Stonewall Inn in New York City. Protests and demonstrations begin, and it later becomes known as the impetus for the gay civil rights movement in the United States.

June 28, 1970 - Community members in New York City march through the local streets to recognize the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall riots. This event is named Christopher Street Liberation Day and is now considered the first gay pride parade.

1973 - Lambda Legal becomes the first legal organization established to fight for the equal rights of gays and lesbians. Lambda also becomes their own first client after being denied non-profit status; the New York Supreme Court eventually rules that Lambda Legal can exist as a non-profit.

January 1, 1973 - Maryland becomes the first state to statutorily ban same-sex marriage.

March 26, 1973 - First meeting of "Parents and Friends of Gays," which goes national as Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) in 1982.

December 15, 1973 - By a vote of 5,854 to 3,810, the American Psychiatric Association removes homosexuality from its list of mental disorders in the DSM-II Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

1974 - Kathy Kozachenko becomes the first openly LGBTQ American elected to any public office when she wins a seat on the Ann Arbor, Michigan City Council.

1974 - Elaine Noble is the first openly gay candidate elected to a state office when she is elected to the Massachusetts State legislature.

January 14, 1975 - The first federal gay rights bill is introduced to address discrimination based on sexual orientation. The bill later goes to the Judiciary Committee but is never brought for consideration.

March 1975 - Technical Sergeant Leonard P. Matlovich reveals his sexual orientation to his commanding officer and is forcibly discharged from the Air Force six months later. Matlovich is a Vietnam War veteran and was awarded both the Purple Heart and the Bronze Star. In 1980, the Court of Appeals rules that the dismissal was improper. Matlovich is awarded his back pay and a retroactive promotion.

1976 - After undergoing gender reassignment surgery in 1975, ophthalmologist and professional tennis player Renee Richards is banned from competing in the women's US Open because of a "women-born-women" rule. Richards challenges the decision and in 1977 and the New York Supreme Court rules in her favor. Richards competes in the 1977 US Open but is defeated in the first round by Virginia Wade.

October 14, 1979 - The first National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights takes place. It draws an estimated 75,000 to 125,000 individuals marching for LGBTQ rights.

March 2, 1982 - Wisconsin becomes the first state to outlaw discrimination based on sexual orientation.

1983 - Lambda Legal wins People v. West 12 Tenants Corp., the first HIV/AIDS discrimination lawsuit. Neighbors attempted to evict Dr. Joseph Sonnabend from the building because he was treating HIV-positive patients.

October 11, 1988 - The first National Coming Out Day is observed.

November 1995 - The Hate Crimes Sentencing Enhancement Act goes into effect as part of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. The law allows a judge to impose harsher sentences if there is evidence showing that a victim was selected because of the "actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, disability, or sexual orientation of any person."

September 21, 1996 - President Clinton signs the Defense of Marriage Act, banning federal recognition of same-sex marriage and defining marriage as "a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife."

December 3, 1996 - Hawaii's Judge Chang rules that the state does not have a legal right to deprive same-sex couples of the right to marry, making Hawaii the first state to recognize that gay and lesbian couples are entitled to the same privileges as heterosexual married couples.

April 1997 - Comedian Ellen DeGeneres comes out as a lesbian on the cover of Time magazine, stating, "Yep, I'm Gay."

April 30, 1997 - DeGeneres' character, Ellen Morgan, on her self-titled TV series "Ellen," becomes the first leading character to come out on a prime-time network television show.

October 6-7, 1998 - Matthew Shepard is tied to a fence and beaten near Laramie, Wyoming. He is eventually found by a cyclist, who initially mistakes him for a scarecrow. He later dies due to his injuries sustained in the beating.

October 9, 1998 - Russell Henderson and Aaron McKinney from Laramie, Wyoming, make their first court appearance after being arrested for the attempted murder of Shepard. Eventually, they each receive two life sentences for killing Shepard.

June 2003 - The US Supreme Court strikes down the "homosexual conduct" law, which decriminalizes same-sex sexual conduct, with their opinion in Lawrence v. Texas. The decision also reverses Bowers v. Hardwick, a 1986 US Supreme Court ruling that upheld Georgia's sodomy law.

May 17, 2004 - The first legal same-sex marriage in the United States takes place in Massachusetts.

September 6, 2005 - The California legislature becomes the first to pass a bill allowing marriage between same-sex couples. Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger vetoes the bill.

October 25, 2006 - The New Jersey Supreme Court rules that state lawmakers must provide the rights and benefits of marriage to gay and lesbian couples.

May 15, 2008 - The California Supreme Court rules in re: Marriage Cases that limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples is unconstitutional.

November 4, 2008 - Voters approve Proposition 8 in California, which makes same-sex marriage illegal. The proposition is later found to be unconstitutional by a federal judge.

August 12, 2009 - Milk is posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama.

October 28, 2009 - Obama signs the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act into law.

September 20, 2011 - "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" is repealed, ending a ban on gay men and lesbians from serving openly in the military.

May 9, 2012 - In an ABC interview,Obama becomes the first sitting US president to publicly support the freedom for LGBTQ couples to marry.

September 4, 2012 - The Democratic Party becomes the first major US political party in history to publicly support same-sex marriage on a national platform at the Democratic National Convention.

November 6, 2012 - Tammy Baldwin becomes the first openly gay politician and the first Wisconsin woman to be elected to the US Senate.

June 26, 2013 - In United States v. Windsor, the US Supreme Court strikes down section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act, ruling that legally married same-sex couples are entitled to federal benefits. The high court also dismisses a case involving California's proposition 8.

October 6, 2014 - The United States Supreme Court denies review in five different marriage cases, allowing lower court rulings to stand, and therefore allowing same-sex couples to marry in Utah, Oklahoma, Virginia, Indiana and Wisconsin. The decision opens the door for the right to marry in Colorado, Kansas, North Carolina, South Carolina, West Virginia and Wyoming.

May 17, 2016 - The Senate confirms Eric Fanning to be secretary of the Army, making him the first openly gay secretary of a US military branch. Fanning previously served as Defense Secretary Carter's chief of staff, and also served as undersecretary of the Air Force and deputy undersecretary of the Navy.

June 30, 2016 - Secretary of Defense Carter announces that the Pentagon is lifting the ban on transgender people serving openly in the US military.

November 9, 2016 - Kate Brown is sworn in as governor of Oregon, a day after she was officially elected to the office. Brown becomes the highest-ranking LGBTQ person elected to office in the United States. Brown took over the governorship in February 2016 (without an election), after Democrat John Kitzhaber resigned amidst a criminal investigation.

April 4, 2017 - The 7th Circuit Court of Appeals rules that the Civil Rights Act prohibits workplace discrimination against LGBTQ employees, after Kimberly Hively sues Ivy Tech Community College for violating Title VII of the act by denying her employment.

June 27, 2017 - District of Columbia residents can now choose a gender-neutral option of their driver's license. DC residents become the first people in the United States to be able to choose X as their gender marker instead of male or female on driver's licenses and identification cards. Similar policies exist in Canada, India, Bangladesh, Australia, New Zealand and Nepal.

June 30, 2017 - The US Department of Defense announces a six-month delay in allowing transgendered individuals to enlist in the United States military. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis writes that they "will use this additional time to evaluate more carefully the impact of such accessions on readiness and lethality." Approximately a month later, President Donald Trump announces via Twitter that the "United States Government will not accept or allow Transgender individuals to serve in any capacity in the US Military..."

November 7, 2017 - Virginia voters elect the state's first openly transgender candidate to the Virginia House of Delegates. Danica Roem unseats incumbent delegate Bob Marshall, who had been elected 13 times over 26 years. Roem becomes the first openly transgender candidate elected to a state legislature in American history.

February 26, 2018 - The Pentagon confirms that the first transgender person has signed a contract to join the US military.

November 6, 2018 - Democratic US Representative Jared Polis wins the Colorado governor's race, becoming the nation's first openly gay man to be elected governor.

June 30, 2019 - New York Governor Andrew Cuomo signs a law banning the use of the so-called gay and trans panic legal defense strategy. The tactic asks a jury to find that a victim's sexual orientation or gender identity is to blame for a defendant's violent reaction. New York follows California, Rhode Island, Illinois, Nevada and Connecticut as the sixth state to pass such a law.

February 10, 2020 - The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals upholds a ruling that the state of Idaho must provide gender confirmation surgery for Adree Edmo, an inmate in the custody of the Idaho Department of Correction. The ruling marks the first time a federal appeals court has ruled that a state must provide gender assignment surgery to an incarcerated person. According to the court opinion, "the gender confirmation surgery (GCS) was medically necessary for Edmo, and ordered the State to provide the surgery." In July 2020, Edmo receives her gender confirmation surgery and a May 2020 appeal by Attorney General of Idaho, Lawrence Wasden, is denied as moot by the US Supreme Court in October 2020.

August 26, 2020 - The 4th Circuit Court of Appeals rules in favor of former student, Gavin Grimm in a more than four-year fight over restroom policies for transgender students. The ruling states that policies segregating transgender students from their peers is unconstitutional and violate federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in education. The decision relies in part on the Supreme Court's decision in June 2020, stating that discrimination against people based on their gender identity or sexual orientation violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 2021, the Supreme Court chooses not to review the opinion by the 4th US Circuit Court of Appeals.

February 2, 2021 - Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg becomes the first openly gay Cabinet member confirmed by the Senate.

March 24, 2021 - Dr. Rachel Levine, assistant secretary for health in the Department of Health and Human Services becomes the first out transgender federal official to be confirmed by the Senate.

June 21, 2021 - Carl Nassib, a defensive lineman with the Las Vegas Raiders, becomes the first active NFL player in league history to announce that he is gay.

June 30, 2021 - The State Department announces it will be updating its procedures to allow applicants to self-select their sex marker for passports and that it "will no longer require medical certification" if an applicant's self-selected sex marker doesn't match the sex listed on other official identity documents.

October 27, 2021 - The State Department announces that the US has issued the first US passport with an X gender marker. "As the Secretary announced in June, the Department is moving towards adding an X gender marker for non-binary, intersex, and gender non-conforming persons applying for a U.S. passport or CRBA," State spokesperson Ned Price says in a statement.

October 19, 2022 - The Social Security Administration announces that people can now choose their sex marker in their Social Security records.

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LGBTQ Rights Milestones Fast Facts | CNN

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Here is a look at LGBTQ milestones in the United States. LGBTQ is an acronym meaning lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer or questioning. The term sometimes is extended to LGBTQIA, to include intersex and asexual groups.

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This topic has many terms that need to be used in the right context - it is important to know what they mean.

Individual Work
Copy the following terms into your Docs document and find short explanations to them. Think about making a chart
with the term in the first column and the definition in the second column.

Asexual

Bisexual

Cisgender

Closeted

Coming Out/Disclosure

Gay/Lesbian

Gender Expression

Gender Identity

Gender-Neutral

Queer

Questioning

Transgender

Transition

Here are some links you can use for your research.

https://gaycenter.org/about/lgbtq/

https://www.queerevents.ca/hubs/queer-101

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Open the new Docs document Tolerance

Write down everything you know about LGBTQ+ in short sentences or keywords.

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Open a new docs document and name it "Tolerance". We are working with the same document during the whole topic. Everytime you are taking notes or working on a task you will be working in the same docs. In the end you will share the document with me and I can evaluate how well you have worked.