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Theory/Theoretical Orientation: Progressivism focus on student engagement, experiential learning, and social responsibility.

Educational Value/Contribution: Progressivism contributes to education by promoting student-centered learning, critical thinking, and social responsibility.

Educational Process: Progressivism emphasizes inquiry, experiential learning, collaboration, and community engagement.

Intellectual Focus: Progressivism intellectual focus is on critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration.

Teaching-Learning  Process: Active Engagement, Experiential Learning, Flexible Curriculum and Reflective Practice

Subject Matter: In Progressivism, the subject matter is relevant, inquiry-based, and connected to students' interests, while societal values emphasize social responsibility, democratic participation, collaboration, diversity, and personal growth.

Society/Values: The goal of education is to instill a sense of social responsibility in students by promoting awareness of societal issues and active community participation.

Teacher Role: Facilitators, Mentors, Encouragers of Critical Thinking, Community Builders and Designers of Learning Experiences.

Student Role: Active Participants, Collaborators, Problem Solvers, Self-Directed Learners and Reflective Learners

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Philosophers: Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow

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Theory/Theoretical Orientation: Humanism places a high priority on the holistic, student-centered, and meaningful learning experiences that foster the development of the full person.

Educational Value/Contribution: Humanism contributes to education by promoting holistic development and self-actualization.

Educational Process: Humanism emphasizes experiential learning, collaboration, and reflection, creating a supportive and values-driven environment.

Intellectual Focus: Assisting students in discovering personal meaning in their education is the main intellectual goal. This entails relating academic material to their goals, interests, and way of life.

Teaching-Learning  Process: Student-Centered Learning, Experiential Learning, Reflective Practice and Emotional And Social Learning

Subject Matter: Learning is made relevant and interesting by tailoring the curriculum to each student's interests and experiences. Subject content frequently reflects students' varied backgrounds and goals.

Society/Values: Humanism promotes respect, understanding, and compassion in interpersonal relationships and educational settings because it recognizes the intrinsic dignity of every person.

Teacher Role: Facilitators, Mentors, Listener, Co-Learners and Culturally Responsive Educators.

Student Role: Active Participants, Collaborators, Critical Thinkers, Self-Reflective Learners and Creators.

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Philosophers: Jerome Bruner, Lev Vygotsky & Jean Piaget

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Theory/Theoretical Orientation: It places a strong emphasis on students building their own understanding through collaborative learning and practical experiences in an active, social, and contextual learning environment.

Educational Value/Contribution: Constructivism contributes to individual and societal growth through personal, social, and critical development.

Educational Process: Constructivism encompasses curriculum design, instructional strategies, assessment, reflection, and community building.

Intellectual Focus: In constructivism, the intellectual focus is on active knowledge construction, critical thinking, and personal meaning-making.

Teaching-Learning  Process: Emphasizes active engagement, experiential learning, collaboration, and student autonomy.

Subject Matter: In Constructivism, subject matter is relevant, experiential, and student-driven.

Society/Values: In this philosophy, it educate pupils to be responsible, involved citizens who can navigate and make a positive contribution to a complex world.

Teacher Role: Facilitators, Designer of Learning Environment, Assessors of Understanding and Encouragers of Metacognition

Student Role: Active Learners, Collaborators, Problem Solvers, Self-Directed Learners and Reflective Thinkers

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Philosophers: Charles Peirce, William James & John Dewey

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Theory/Theoretical Orientation: In order to provide meaningful and pertinent education, pragmatism is defined by an emphasis on practicality, experiential learning, the interconnection of knowledge, inquiry, adaptation, and a human-centric approach.

Educational Value/Contribution: By placing an emphasis on applying knowledge to real-world situations, pragmatism advances education. With this emphasis, students are guaranteed to acquire practical, real-world skills.

Educational Process: The process is centered around inquiry, encouraging students to ask questions, explore topics, and seek answers through investigation and experimentation.

Intellectual Focus: Pragmatism places a strong emphasis on solving practical issues. The intellectual emphasis is on helping pupils acquire critical thinking abilities so they can assess problems and come up with workable solutions.

Teaching-Learning  Process: Experiential Learning, Inquiry Based-Learning, Collaborative Learning and Adaptability

Subject Matter: The curriculum is adaptable, allowing for modifications in response to student interests and social demands, reflecting the dynamic nature of knowledge and comprehension.

Society/Values: Education helps students build a moral compass and sense of fairness by include discussions of values and ethical consequences related to many courses.

Teacher Role: Facilitators, Mentors, Designer of Learning Experiences, Encouragers of Collaboration and Reflective Practitioners

Student Role: Active Learners, Collaborators, Critical Thinkers, Experimenters and Reflective Practitioners.

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Philosophers: George Counts, Theodore Brameld & Freire

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Theory/Theoretical Orientation: Reconstructionism seeks to develop knowledgeable, socially conscious people by pushing students to address societal problems, work together to find solutions, and consider their duties as engaged citizens.

Educational Value/Contribution: Reconstructionism contributes to education by promoting social justice, critical consciousness, and civic engagement.

Educational Process: Reconstructionism emphasizes problem-solving, dialogue, experiential learning, reflection, and community involvement.

Intellectual Focus: The intellectual focus of reconstructionism is centered on critical consciousness, social justice, and empowerment.

Teaching-Learning  Process: The teaching and learning process emphasizes problem-based, collaborative, and experiential learning.

Subject Matter: It emphasizes social justice, civic participation, empowerment, diversity, and teamwork, while the emphasis on major social issues and their historical settings is placed on societal ideals.

Society/Values: Reconstructionism trains students to be knowledgeable, engaged citizens committed to building a more fair and just society.

Teacher Role: Facilitator of Critical Dialogue, Guides for Social Inquiry, Mentors for Empowerment and Designers of Relevant Curriculum.

Student Role: Critical Thinkers, Collaborators, Active Change Agents and Informed Citizens