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Benjamin Kickz says business is 'BOOMIN'!' Photo: Jeremy Liebman

Photographs by Jeremy Liebman

At Miami-Dades Opa Locka Executive Airport, a man in uniform walks in from the tarmac to the marble-floored private-jet lounge and starts whispering. He's excited. He just saw the rapper Travis Scott and his entourage pull up in a fleet of cars including a red Ferrari, black Porsche, and white Beemer with butterfly doors. Seconds later, a rosy-cheeked 16-year-old who goes by Benjamin Kickz appears in the parking lot wearing a Travis Scott hat. He has big brown eyes and a face that's just starting to thin out of its baby chub, barely sprouting the first, wispy mustache hairs. His phone is perpetually teetering on a one percent charge, and he is here today, with a French bulldog named Gucci in one hand and a shopping bag full of Air Jordans in the other, to complete a sneaker deal. Scott and Kickz meet in the middle of the lounge and dap, the tall lanky rapper with a mouthful of diamond grills wearing his own Gucci (in the form of slides) and a diamond-encrusted Tweety-bird chain.

"How's business?" someone yells out.

He already knows what Ben's going to say: "Boomin'!"

A woman behind the counter recognizes him, too: "How's business?" Someone in Scott's crew comes over: "Hey, Ben, how's business doing, my man?"

The answer is written across Ben's custom-made T-shirt in a big red logo, Supreme style. Ben smiles, puts down the bag of shoes. "Boomin'!" he replies, again and again, his voice deepening on the double o. Boomin'!

Airport-delivery alert! Photo: Instagram/Benjamin Kickz

Ben's real last name is Kapelushnik, and a full year before he should be graduating from his Fort Lauderdale high school (he skipped fourth grade and is now homeschooled), he's one of the most recognizable sneaker resellers in a flourishing resale market valued at $1.2 billion. Ben brags that he's on track to make $1 million in sales this year just from the normals who shop his collection every day online at sneakerdon.com. "What I make in one day on the website I can't make in a month with the rappers," Ben says, but they give him the satisfaction of working alongside his favorite celebrities. Plus, they function as brand ambassadors, offering free, well-placed mini-billboards that float across social media.

Famous people, of course, have a guy for everything. P. Diddy had his umbrella holder. Paris Hilton, her closet organizer. Ben is their sneaker broker, which means that in a crazy connoisseur's market where imposed scarcity, not style, is the most reliable driver of value, he will do whatever it takes to get you the sneaker you want - a high-end, single-product TaskRabbit so monofocused on the job of finding the right shoes that he now employs four others to do things like manage his website and ship his goods while he hustles connections with celebrities and distributors.

People have been worshipping sneakers at least since the '80s, when Run-DMC wrote an ode to Adidas, but the secondary market's current form is relatively new. Whereas before sneaker hobbyists existed only in an insular world of online forums, message boards, and sneaker conventions, now they find each other on Instagram's Explore page and in dedicated Facebook groups where the strongest collectors build followings and fame around sneaker closets. Which is one reason a 16-year-old kid could make a place for himself at the center of it. Could somebody like Travis Scott reach out to Nike himself? Maybe, but an athlete signed to Adidas couldn't. And collectors often want sneakers that were released ten years ago but still look brand-new. For this, they need Ben. Scroll through his Instagram and you'll see Ben looking serious, throwing up a peace sign with his head hitting the shoulders of Drake, Future, and DJ Khaled. Kevin Hart and Floyd Mayweather make appearances, too. But Ben says he picks his spots carefully. "I don't look at rappers like, Wow, that's a rapper, " he says. "If every time you're like, 'Oh my God, can I get a picture?,' you'll never form a relationship. "

Ben only recently met Scott - whose album Rodeo Ben says he once listened to exclusively for 15 days straight - at a party Kendall Jenner was throwing at OUE Skyspace in L.A. "I don't mind heights, but I'm no fan and we were on the 70th floor. You had to take three different elevators, and they had to scan your credentials at every stop, obviously, because everyone was there: Kendall; Kim Kardashian; Jaden Smith; Drake's dad, who's mad cool." A friend - "who used to work for P. Diddy" - introduced him to Scott, but "he already knew me from before. He was like, 'What's good? Ben, right?' I was like, Ohhhhhh shit. "

At the airport, Scott and Ben walk out into the million-degree Miami summer and hustle toward the private jet, Ben's legs sticking to his light-gray Balmain jeans. ("Car-payment alert!" he says, then adds, "I don't need a car because these jeans make me fly.") Onboard, everyone hovers around as Ben unpacks and presents three sneakers to Scott. The strongest reaction is to the Broken Backboards ($425 on sneakerdon.com), a white-black-and-orange Air Jordan 1 named after a 1985 exhibition basketball game during which Michael Jordan dunked so magnificently he shattered the glass backboard. Scott yells. The entourage exclaims:

"Daaaaaamn."

"You crazy."

"Boomin'!"

Ben delivers Air Jordan 1 Retro OG "Broken Backboards" to Travis Scott. Photo: Lauren Schwartzberg

Contemporary sneaker culture was born in February 2012, when Nike released the Foamposite One "Galaxy." In honor of the NBA All-Star Game in Orlando, just an hour west of the Kennedy Space Center, Nike printed an image of deep space on the sneaker's plastic body. The company produced so few of this color scheme that it didn't even sell the sneaker online. The sneaker world had a conniption. Bids on eBay hit $70,000. A guy from Queens tried to trade his Chevy Cavalier for a pair in size ten and a half. "Yes car for sneakers," he posted on Craigslist. "Car will come with a full tank of gas ... And I'll even drive to you."

At the time, Ben was 12. The "Galaxy" (now $1,550 on sneakerdon.com) was one of his early purchases, "off eBay for mad cheap." His mom had bought him his first pair of Nikes in middle school; he came home the next day a changed man. He read sneaker magazines to learn what was popular, used his bar-mitzvah money to buy more, studied the resale market, and met like-minded hobbyists at sneaker conventions. In eighth grade, he bought a pair of LeBron X MVPs. Nike raffled pairs of the bright-green-and-pink high-tops off at only ten stores, but Ben managed to find one for $400 from a sneaker acquaintance living nearby. The same day he bought them, before he'd even held them in his hands, he sold them to an 18-year-old friend for $4,000. Not that anybody in the family was really surprised. When Ben was 10 years old, he had asked a family friend's mother if he could buy her parrot - "Out of the blue!" remembers the friend. "She's like, 'No, Benjamin, the parrot's not for sale.' He goes, 'What do you mean? There's always a price.' "

He learned that listening to hip-hop. "All I saw was Lil Wayne wearing $100,000 chains in a Rolls-Royce," Ben says. "Now, that doesn't mean that's a great lifestyle I want for my kids, but when I listened to that, it got me infatuated to the point where I wanted to have a diamond necklace. I wanted to drive a Ferrari. I just thought to myself, I have to figure it out. "

So with his MVP money, Ben set his sights on bulk orders. One of his first bulk purchases was 85 pairs of the Air Jordan 1 Retro High OG "Powder Blue" ($200 on sneakerdon.com), which he managed to buy before it was even released to market. "My thing was a hunnid," he says, meaning a hundred. "I started buying by the hundreds. When I posted it, everyone was like, Damn, he has a lot, so I showed it to other people, other plugs, and they were like, Okay, if he has the money to buy this, he can buy from us too. And then I bought more and more and more."

Ben moved his way up the hierarchy of insider sneaker sources - those "plugs" he's referring to - with purpose. In high school, he says, he never went out if there wasn't an opportunity to expand his reach. "Go with a girl to the movies, go with your brother to the movies - that's cool, but I have no interest in going out to parties and not networking with anyone. Not only does it get boring, you're not getting ahead." He doesn't drink or do drugs, he says, and when it comes to meeting new clients, he won't direct-message celebrities, instead carefully asking for connections and forcing face-to-face opportunities. Technically, Ben says, the people he buys from are resellers, but they don't have the customer base to sell their shoes: They sell in bulk to Ben. "I'm that one person that goes and scatters it around," he explains. "No one wants to go through dealing with [a random seller], because he only has one pair, one size. I have every pair, every size, because I just bought it from everybody. Done."

Ben and his great-grandmother in Miami. Photo: Jeremy Liebman

Growing up near Miami proved vital; the city was small enough for Ben to make a name for himself in the local sneaker community and big enough to reach influential clients. But his real break came at the end of 2014, when a customer introduced him to DJ Khaled. At the time, Khaled was known in hip-hop circles for orchestrating rap's most exuberant anthems, but he was still on the verge of becoming the most unlikely star of the Snapchat generation, where millions of fans follow the mundanity and routine of his daily life as he dishes out the "keys" to better living: healthy cooking, watering the plants, Jet Skiing. The producer reached out to Ben because he wanted three sets of the Air Jordan Ultimate Gift of Flight pack, six pairs of shoes in total. "One to rock, another one to rock, and one to stock," Ben explains. "Then, oh, one gets dirty? New-pair alert!" They started hanging out, bonding over sneakers, Ben sometimes sleeping over at Khaled's house. Now he's a recurring character on Khaled's Snapchat. "Everything we would just do or say regularly was now on Snapchat," Ben explains. "We were really just talking like that, like, 'Yo, let's hit the Skis, go catch a vibe.' " Ben's fame grew alongside his new mentor's. When I ask what people misunderstand most about him, Ben says, "Mainly, people are like, 'Are you DJ Khaled's son?' "

One night last December, after the black Yeezy Boost 750 release ($1,400 on sneakerdon.com), Ben was at Khaled's house with Hassan Whiteside of the Miami Heat. Ben had come into a small fortune that day, having sold a handful of Yeezys. Khaled was in the Jacuzzi, filming for Snapchat, and asked Ben, "How's business?" With Ben's answer, a tagline was born. "That was just the thing that came to my head. It's, like, a word, you know? It's like, Boomin'. It's just a boomin' word. It's just boomin'!" Last season, the Steelers' wide receiver Antonio Brown, also a friend of Khaled's, started using "Boomin'!" as a catchphrase.

Earlier this year, the hip-hop personality Karen Civil posted a video asking Hillary Clinton, "How's business?" The nominee smiled at the camera, looking directly at her millennial voters. "Boomin'!"

From the airport Ben calls an Uber, and we stop by his house in Aventura. He picks up his 9-year-old brother, Daniel, changes into shorts, and directs the driver to the Aventura mall for lunch, where the waitress says she's seen him on Snapchat. On Ben's Instagram, Daniel is often photographed while buried under piles of sneakers or next to girls in bikinis. It looks sleazy, but in person the brothers' relationship is much kinder. Daniel leans into Ben, and Ben wraps his arm around him as he orders fish tacos and a side of six or seven goat-cheese balls. "That's definitely my favorite cheese," Ben explains. "I'm kosher."

On the wall of fame in Ben's bedroom, there's a picture of him dancing behind the rapper Rick Ross as he performs for Ben at his bar mitzvah. Ben's father had met the rapper through work and asked him to make an appearance: "It's funny because I didn't know who he was then, and now I sell sneakers to him," Ben says. Both of Ben's parents - a real-estate broker and a stay-at-home mother - moved here from Russia, and Ben's voice has the type of inflection you might expect from someone who grew up speaking Russian to immigrant parents and now mostly hangs out with rappers. His favorite Khaled-ism is "Don't play yourself" and its iterations. Someone questions if his shoes are fake: "Congratulations, you played yourself." His dad didn't believe he'd actually bought Balmain jeans: "Played himself." Strategizing with friends about getting into the club: "Make sure we don't play ourselves." And even Ben himself is not excluded. He attempts speaking Spanish to an Uber driver but doesn't understand the reply: "I played myself."

Ben is in the process of signing on for a reality show, he says, and wants to open retail stores. A little over a month ago, the family moved to Los Angeles - "More opportunities, more money involved out there," Ben explains - but he's still got more than a thousand sneakers packed, floor to ceiling, in a stockroom here in Miami, and Ben says his entire inventory is worth over $1 million. He sits down on an office chair and picks up a pair of all-white Air Jordan 4 Retro Pure's ($400 on sneakerdon.com). "It's called 'You don't have these!' It's called 'All white!' It's called 'Leather-seats alert!' Feel this tumble leather. I'm being serious." He grabs another all-white shoe and licks the sole.

It's seven in the evening at the end of what Ben calls "probably one of the most unproductive days, but, like, really productive at the same time." He had stayed up till 5 a.m. editing a video of the Travis Scott deal for his Instagram, then woke up at one in the afternoon, took Daniel to the pool, went Jet Skiing, bought a bulk order of Yeezys, bought a pair of otherwise-sold-out Adidas NMDs for himself - "I called someone and I was like, 'Yo, I need these today.' Too easy!" - sold someone five pairs of sneakers, went to the post office to ship some orders, and got lunch with an old friend. "Like, I really only woke up seven hours ago."

Ben's talking as he plays with Gucci ("You're a little pig! You're a little pisher!") and squeezes his mom while screaming "I love you!" before collapsing on his bed. He needs a moment to lie horizontal, he says, before going back out to the club tonight. Around him, in his bedroom, is a shrine to his successes. Along with the wall of fame, there's a row of floating shelves that show off the first bright-orange Nikes his mother bought him and a newer Air Jordan 12 signed by Drake. There's a body pillow on his couch that says BOOMIN. On his bed, there's another pillow a fan sent him. It's an illustrated picture of Ben surrounded by shoe boxes while wearing Nike Air Mags, the self-lacing sneaker from Back to the Future II ($9,000 on sneakerdon.com), and a shirt that says YOUR SNEAKER PLUG AIN'T SHIT. Ben lies back on his own cartoon face, scrolling through Instagram. Travis Scott pops up, standing onstage at Madison Square Garden with Justin Bieber, performing in Ben's kicks.

*This article appears in the August 8, 2016 issue of New York Magazine.

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This 16-Year-Old Has Made Millions Selling Rare Sneakers

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Photographs by Jeremy Liebman At Miami-Dades Opa Locka Executive Airport, a man in uniform walks in from the tarmac to the marble-floored private-jet lounge and starts whispering. He's excited. He just saw the rapper Travis Scott and his entourage pull up in a fleet of cars including a red Ferrari, black Porsche, and white Beemer with butterfly doors.

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The article "Boomin! A day in the life of 16-year-old rare-sneaker dealer Benjamin Kickz" published in the New York Magazine explores the sneaker reselling industry through the lense of a day in the life of Benjamin Kickz. The article provides a peek into an average day of Benjamin, and explores how he found his niche and how he is cultivating his network and market. Benjamin's strategy developed into ordering in bulk from dealers who didn't want to put in the work of selling individual shoes, and then leaned on his network and his connections to sell shoes to celebrities and rappers. Because Benjamin was able to put in the work and the effort to build his network of high profile clients, at just 16 years old he was able to become the best in the game of sneaker reselling. The article also talks about the start of the contemporary sneaker reselling culture, and how Benjamin's big breakthrough with DJ Khaled allowed him to kick start his career.

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Fake Shoes are the biggest form of fraud in the shoe reselling industry. No one wants to find out that they paid a large sum of money for a pair of shoes that turned out to be fake. StockX verifies all their products to be real before a sale can be made.

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Companies can choose to release more of a certain type of shoe, ultimately saturating the market. This can lower the value of a shoe, in turn taking money out of the resellers hands while also making a popular shoe more available for the normal consumer. One example of this is when Jordan brand released a large supply of Jordan's in 2016.

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Supply and Demand

While this article doesn't say it outright, the concepts of supply and demand are driving everything within the sneaker reselling economy. With the rise of specialty shoes and brand partnerships with atheletes, celebrities, and events, the supply of these types of shoes has become limited. This limited supply and special drops creates high demand and high prices in a reselling situation.

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Resellers tend to follow the shoe market and where to find the best information regarding a shoe release. This information gives resellers a leg up on acquiring the desired shoe for resale.

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Challenges of The Standard Equilibrium Model

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Challenges of The Standard Equilibrium Model

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Scarcity

Along with supply and demand, the scarcity of these shoes is the true driver of value. Extremely limited supply of very special drops drives up the value of specialty sneakers. In the article the "Foampoast One Galaxy" shoes were reselling for $70,000 with one person offering to trade his car for one pair of shoes. Scarcity of a specialty product means exclusivity for those who can afford/purchase a pair and that is a large aspect in today's pop culture. I can have this, and you can't.

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(1) Fake shoes cause distrust and uncertainty within the market. If consumers don't trust that the shoes they are buying are real then they most likely will not purchase them. Distrust within the resale market causes a decrease in demand, this decrease could force resellers to lose out on sales.

(2) When companies release shoes, the limited availability of those shoes is a huge part of the demand. If companies decided to release a lump sum of shoes at any given moment then that would cause a large increase in supply. This increase would lead to a decrease in demand because the shoes would be less valuable do to the amount of shoes available in the market.

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Opportunity Cost

Opportunity cost is also touched on throughout this article. The way that Benjamin made his money is by ordering in bulk off of other resellers, and then leveraging his connections and his social status to get those shoes to celebrities and other high profile people. Selling shoes in individual transactions takes time and effort, and many resellers didn't want to put that effort into a single transaction. Therefore, they had higher opportunity costs of selling shoes individually when compared to Benjamin. This is how he capitalized in his niche.

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(3) Resellers are experts of their trades, they know all the secrets, and some even get the scoop on a release from well known insiders. Regular consumers on the other hand do not know where to find all of this information, or simply are unable to access it. This information imperfection allows resellers to get a leg up on the normal consumer. When this happens, resellers are able to acquire enough of a shoe, when they resell it on the market, they can charge a higher price due to the increase in demand.

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Why The Standard Equilibrium Model May Not Be Applicable

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Why The Standard Equilibrium Model May Not Be Applicable

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The constant market failures, unintended consequences, and information imperfection are all considerable reasons for why the standard equilibrium model may not be applicable to the sneaker resale market. Even though companies like StockX and Goat do as much as they can to verify all the products sold on their sites, fake products get through from time to time. Fake shoes are sadly a constant in the resale market. Jordan is just one example of a company that saturated the market with a shoe release.

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A more recent example includes Adidas releasing a large supply of the new AE1 shoes (Anthony Edwards signature shoe). Since the shoes were regularly available in store or easily accessible online, demand on the resale market decreased. The large supply drove down the resale price of these shoes a considerable amount as well. Lastly, Information imperfection creates an advantage for certain resellers. When successful, these resellers can dominate the market, driving up demand and price all while lowering the supply of a certain shoe on the market.

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The sneaker resale market today is similar to past fads, like the Beanie Baby craze in the 1990s. Both rely on limited releases to create exclusivity, which drives up prices in resale. For Beanie Babies, when Ty Inc. would “retire” a toy, it caused demand to spike, just like when Nike or Adidas limit sneaker supply.

Demand spikes in both cases happened when people had more disposable income. For example, COVID stimulus checks gave people extra money to buy things like sneakers. Similarly, Beanie Babies saw boosts when people had extra funds from bonuses or tax returns.

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A big difference, though, is celebrity influence. Celebrities wearing exclusive sneakers like Yeezys keep demand strong, unlike Beanie Babies, which didn’t have cultural or fashion appeal. Plus, sneakers hold value longer, while Beanie Baby prices eventually crashed.

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Social Capital

Everything that Benjamin leveraged was based on his connections. His big break came when DJ Khaled started promoting him on social media to millions of followers. This started his fame as the "celebrity shoe supplier" and he continued to leverage this throughout his reselling days. Promoting on social media, having other celebrities shouting him out, and having them reference him through word of mouth continued to expand his social capital and fame, and enabled him to continuously grow his social status and capita.

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Benjamin found his niche and capitalized on the reselling industry by leveraging the scarcity and high demand of anticipated shoe drops when selling his shoes, especially by leveraging his social capital when selling to high profile clients and celebrities. The article highlights his reselling strategy of buying in bulk, and promoting his sales on social media. Through these strategies, Benjamin has been able to position himself as one of the top resellers in the growing and nearly $1 billion dollar industry as a primarily one man show, with a few employees that support his eneavors.

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There are two main normative points highlighted or alluded to throughout the article. The first is the determination or grit that Benjamin has used to become the best in the game of reselling. It highlights how he had started at age 12 with the Galaxy drop and how he went all in on sneaker reselling after his Bar Mitsvah by using the money to buy one of his first bulk orders which started his main strategy. His continuation of effort in the industry through finding deals, making connections with high profile clients, and leveraging those respectfully to build his network. These characteristics paint Benjamin as a driven, motivated, successful, and almost trailblazer in the industry of sneaker reselling. The other main normative conclusion that can be found is the glamorization of wealth and materialism in pop culture. The whole industry is selling shoes for thousands and thousands of dollars over their original prices, and the limited supply of certain styles leads to exclusivity. Additionally, even Benjamin says one of his main motivations early on was when he used to watch Lil Wayne videos where he was wearing $100,000 chains and driving Rolls Royces and he thought that he wanted that for his kids and he became infatuated.

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Benjamin's strategy has proved to be very effective in his case. He built a multi-million dollar brand where he can make over a million dollars a year in sales, work with the biggest rappers and influencers in the world, and love doing it every day. His strategy of buying in bulk and then putting in the effort to find individual buyers works for him, but may not work for others. This shows that he has a lower opportunity cost that other resellers in this regard. Additionally, since he is known as the premier reseller for high profile clients and celebrities, it would be difficult for someone to build the same repertoire and track record to gain the same or a similar level of success within the field.

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Demand - The demand for luxury sneakers can be impacted by many things. For one, the colors on the shoe, the model of the shoe, the collaborators involved, and marketing scheme. When a prominent celebrity like Travis Scott wears a sought after shoe, it leads to more consumers wanting to emulate his style and buy them. If a shoe comes out in the iconic Bulls color-way, it will do better than a random combination of colors.

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In the standard equilibrium model, the equilibrium point represents the balance where consumer demand for limited-edition sneakers meets the restricted supply set by brands. In the sneaker reselling market, this equilibrium is driven by high demand and intentionally low supply. Consumers, attracted by the exclusivity, celebrity endorsements, and unique colorways, are willing to pay premium prices for these limited sneakers. On the supply side, brands release only a small number of each model to maintain scarcity, which amplifies the sneakers' desirability and value. At this equilibrium, resellers like Ben can capitalize on both high prices and steady demand, setting a high resale value that reflects the appeal and exclusivity of his product.

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Equilibrium After Demand Shock (COVID Stimulus)

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Equilibrium After Demand Shock (COVID Stimulus)

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In the above image, the sneaker reselling market experiences a demand shock due to the influx of COVID-19 stimulus checks, which increases disposable income for many consumers. This additional spending power leads to a heightened demand for exclusive sneakers, represented by the rightward shift of the demand curve. As a result, the new market equilibrium forms at a higher price and quantity compared to the original equilibrium.

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Equilibrium After Demand Shock (COVID Stimulus) Continued

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Equilibrium After Demand Shock (COVID Stimulus) Continued

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Despite no change in supply, this increased demand raises the resale prices of limited-edition sneakers, as consumers are now both more willing and more able to pay those premium prices. Resellers like Ben benefit from the elevated prices, allowing them to maximize profits as consumer competition intensifies.

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Equilibrium After Supply Shock (Shoe Re-Release)

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Equilibrium After Supply Shock (Shoe Re-Release)

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Here, the sneaker reselling market undergoes a supply shock due to the re-release of previously exclusive sneaker models by brands. This increase in available inventory shifts the supply curve to the right, resulting in a new equilibrium with a lower price and higher quantity than the original market equilibrium. The re-released sneakers reduce scarcity, which was initially a key factor driving high resale prices. As a result, prices decrease, and more consumers can afford these previously limited sneakers.

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Demand Shock - A demand shock for the sneaker industry is something that suddenly leads to a large increase in demand for a variety of reasons. The biggest example is the COVID stimulus checks, which sent an influx of money to many people across the country, leading to a large increase of people willing to spend the money to get a nice shoe.

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Supply - One of the large reasons prices are very high in certain shoes is because of there being a scarcity. With very little supply, it leads to suppliers wanting more to attain these "hyped up" shoes.

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Supply shock - When Jordan or Adidas announce a rerelease of sneakers to the public, they enact essentially a supply shock. With an influx more of a desirable sneaker being added to the market, more people can get them, which mitigates the affect of the scarcity. So when more people can get the shoe out of no-where, it leads to a decrease of price.

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The sneaker resell market has grown over 600% in the last 10 years, showing the demand for luxury shoes to have increased dramatically. The biggest brands such as Air Jordan and Nike make billions of dollars annually on various sneaker models. However, the market is a lagging indicator of economic performance.

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When the economy is expansionary, it leads to the average consumer having more money to spend on luxury goods such as Jordans. On the contrary, when there is a recessive economy, people have to delegate more of their income to necessities. From 2009 to right before Covid, The economy was in an expansionary period. The economy was growing, and so was the sneaker market. We see that once Covid happened, the economy turned to a recessionary period. So while revenue still grew, it wasn't to the same magnitude it had been increasing at.

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Equilibrium After Supply Shock (Shoe Re-Release)

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Equilibrium After Supply Shock (Shoe Re-Release)

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However, this increase in supply also diminishes the exclusivity and resale value, meaning resellers may earn lower profits as the market price adjusts downward due to the greater availability of these previously exclusive products.