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Stigmas result from the social process in which an attribute is devalued. Numerous disorders, including mental health issues, HIV, and even COVID-19, can lead to stigma. Although stigma is typically associated with external criticism, it is also possible for us to absorb the emotions of others or of society as a whole.  Self-stigma can cause feelings of embarrassment or shame. It can cause low self-esteem and low self-worth and undermine self-efficacy, or the conviction that one is capable of achieving goals. It may make it more difficult for you to take care of yourself or get the therapy you need for your illness. Self-stigma happens when individuals internalize these societal perceptions and experience a host of detrimental outcomes as a result. In this piece, we explain self-stigma in further detail and discuss how it negatively affects those who suffer from mental illnesses. Stigma isn't limited to other people. It's possible that you think your illness is a reflection of your weakness or that you should be able to manage it on your own. You can improve your self-esteem and get rid of negative thought patterns by getting psychological treatment, learning more about your illness, and making connections with other people who are also struggling with mental illness. Stigmas can result in stereotyping, discrimination,0 and a loss of status.  Goffman has some interesting ideas about stigma.  Goffman analyzes the self-perceptions and connections of stigmatized individuals with "normal" people by heavily drawing on autobiographies and case studies. He examines the range of coping mechanisms utilized by stigmatized people in response to rejection from others and the nuanced self-images they present to the outside world. It is always the case that those people who are stigmatized are stigmatized in relation to a group of individuals who are normal, and that normal people are normal in reference to those persons who are stigmatized or less than normal. Goffman then discusses how the early definition of stigma was given to physical indicators intended to draw attention to something peculiar and negative about the signifier's moral standing.

Overall, we concentrate on Goffman (1963) because, in contrast to other sociological viewpoints, his impact on the literature on stigma has been clear-cut, if contentious. He offers a cohesive framework for interpreting the literature and pinpointing areas of further investigation that have not yet been thoroughly explored.

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Self-presentation refers to how people attempt to present themselves to control or shape how others (called the audience) view them. It involves expressing oneself and behaving in ways that create a desired impression, and intonation, body language, and other interactions, they could try to project these qualities. To control or shape the way others (referred to as the audience) perceive them, people try to present themselves in a certain way. This involves expressing themselves and acting in certain ways to create a desired impression. Self-presentation is a subset of impression management behaviors, which are defined as the controlled presentation of information about a variety of topics, including information about other people or events. Self-presentation, on the other hand, refers specifically to information about the self. But nowadays, scholars consider self-presentation in a broader sense as a ubiquitous feature of existence. While there are intentional and sometimes dishonest components of how one presents oneself, there are other automatic aspects that are performed with little to no conscious thinking. A lady might, for instance, engage with many individuals during the day and leave a different impression on each of them. She presents the impression of being a responsible roommate and friend by talking with her housemates and tidying up after breakfast when she first arrives at her flat. She gives off the impression of being a good student in class by attentively taking notes and responding to her professor's queries. 0he meticulously records information, projecting the illusion of an excellent learner. Later that day, she gives her parents a call and presents herself as a responsible and loving daughter, telling them about her classes and other activities—though she leaves out some details. She might attend a party that evening or go dancing with friends, giving off the impression that she is carefree and enjoyable. While certain elements of these self-presentations might be intentional and cognizant, others might not be.

Goffman is a famous the most influential American sociologist of the twentieth century The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life is a 1956 sociological book by Erving Goffman, in which the author utilizes 0the imagery of theatre to show the importance of human social interaction. This approach became known as Goffman's dramaturgical analysis. Accordingly, Goffman (1959) defines "performance" as any action taken by an individual in front of others that has an impact on those individuals. It is critical to acknowledge that performance can occur in a variety of contexts, settings, and scenarios. A job interview is the most obvious. In this instance, the applicant is projecting an image of themselves that they think the interviewer looks for in staff members: polite, self-assured (without being conceited), courteous, diligent, dependable, and so on. Through their attire, posture, speech pattern, intonation, body language, and other interactions, they could try to project these qualities.

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In addition to working in fast-food restaurants, airports, healthcare facilities, retirement communities, childcare facilities, factories, warehouses, educational institutions, farms, and skyscrapers, we have also changed the nature of labor laws. (fight para 2) The fast-food industry has been fighting for better wages, working conditions, and more.  I am on the fence about this topic.  I understand that fast food is hard work. The employees have to deal with rude customers and threats. Fast food is a demanding field of service.  At the same time, higher wages mean higher prices for the consumer.  Times are tough nowadays. I am all for having a union but, here again, this will create a somewhat problematic situation. Can you imagine what would happen if an establishment went on strike? If all fast-food places went on strike can you imagine the chaos it would bring? Unions such as the teamster’s unions are great.  One of the factors that having a union is they protect the rights of the members.  The right to a decent wage.  The right to work in a clean and safe environment. The right to be respected.

Fight for a Union https://fightforaunion.org/about/

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By searching for new chances, assessing and analyzing them, and negotiating agreements, corporate development specialists assist companies in creating prospects. They are also in charge of overseeing the integration of recently acquired companies and determining the success of every deal. Professionals in corporate development need to possess great interpersonal, communication, and analytical abilities to succeed. They also need to be well-versed in the organization's legal and regulatory surroundings, as well as the company's finances and operations. This is what Jack in the Box is all about.  This cultural pedagogue tries to entice customers to come back by having a menu that has a lot of cultural items.  “As a corporate pedagogue, McDonald teaches consumers multiple lessons: that free enterprise produces freedom and satisfaction for consumer citizens, that family meals bring people together, that fast food is fun and wholesome” (Johnston 63).   In other words, Jack in the Box is trying to teach the public that even though they are fast food the family is still eating together which is important.  By offering a variety of choices from which to pick consumers can choose healthy items.   Ideology is not about brainwashing people or spreading total falsehoods. Rather, we witness the ideological operation of certain messages when they reduce public awareness of other problems associated with the fast-food industry, such as environmental degradation, health degradation, and labor exploitation.

Johnston, J. et AL, Introducing Sociology Using the Stuff of Everyday Life. Routledge New York

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A recent study that used a survey method examined how automation is transforming the workplace. Contrary to common opinion, research indicates that more automation results in an increase in hiring overall, not in the replacement of labor by robots.  However, managers of highly competent workers might not be needed as much because technology decreases human mistake. Lynn Wu co-author of The Robot Revolution study encourages leaders to prepare for automation, to maximize the new benefits. If you’re worried that robots are coming for your job, you can relax — unless you’re a manager. A new survey-based study explains how automation is reshaping the workplace in unexpected ways.  Wu’s study looks at the relationship between productivity, company strategy, and innovation in the context of rising information technologies like analytics and artificial intelligence. Her work specifically focuses on three streams. She looks at how artificial intelligence and data analytics impact productivity, labor outcomes, business strategy, and company innovation in both large and small companies. In her second area of interest, she investigates the effects of business social media and online platforms on productivity, career paths, entrepreneurial success and the emergence of new kinds of biases brought about by the use of technology. In her third area of study, Lynn forecasts economic indicators like labor trends, product acceptance, and real estate trends using fine-grained data gleaned from digital traces found online.

Wu, L. Operations, 2024.  Information and Decisions Department https://oid.wharton.upenn.edu/profile/wulynn/