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Learning is established through a change in behavior and is triggered by the environment. The instructor will act in a way that causes the learner to respond with an action or response. When the desired behavior is observed, the instructor provides immediate positive reinforcement with the goal of encouraging the learner to repeat the behavior again when the same initiative action occurs.

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Learning occurs when the learner uses their own prior knowledge as a starting point for learning. Their learning is then built on using real world experiences. Knowledge can be altered through social interactions with others and sharing one another's experiences. This is called social constructivism.

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Learning is obtained through a process in the mind in which information travels through our senses and into working memory where we can process it into longterm memory. Information needs to be broken into small chunks and presented in a unique way that will allow for learning to travel through the student's "working memory" into longterm memory where they can access it in the future.

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Ivan Pavlov

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Social Constructivism (Explained for Beginners in 3 Minutes)

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Think of our longterm memory as a Tetris gameboard. The information already established in our longterm memory is represented by the building blocks solidified in place at the bottom of the Tetris board. As we receive new information, we connect it our own experiences and use it to build upon our prior knowledge. 

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Example of Behaviorism in Instructional Technology

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Example of Behaviorism in Instructional Technology

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Elementary students are working on a computer-based instruction program. When the student produces the desired response, they receive a digital coin that can be used to play a game within the computer-based program.

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Example of Cognitivism in Instructional Technology

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Example of Cognitivism in Instructional Technology

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The instructor uses videos, song, infographics, and other multimedia tools to help students process information in their working memory and move it to longterm memory. In this example, students watch a School House Rock video to learn the Preamble of the Constitution.

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Schoolhouse Rock   America Rock   The Preamble

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Example of Constructivism in Instructional Technology

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Example of Constructivism in Instructional Technology

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Students learning about Clark and Mayer's 12 Principles of Instructional Design are creating an infographic to summarize their learning and must apply what they have learned. The students then conduct peer reviews on their infographics in which they summarize the principles that their peer represented well and provide insight on areas of improvement.