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Blue: Fiona

Green: Lily

Purple: Eva

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Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE)

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Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE)

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The Indus valley civilization arose around 5000 years ago, around the same time as Ancient Egypt. It arose indepandent of other civilizations in their indiginous nation. Its name comes from the Indu river, one of the longest rivers in Asia. This civilization lasted roughly 2000 years, before mysteriously disappearing. Historians believed that the shifting of the earth’s crust caused the river to flood and change its course.

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Foundation of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro (c. 2500 BCE)

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Foundation of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro (c. 2500 BCE)

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In 2500 BCE, the Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro civilization was at its peak, and the two cities flourished. The inhabitants of these cities were living a good lifestyle, in an age with many technological advancements to improve the sewage systems among other things. These were the largest cities of the Indus civilization and contained very organized architectural buildings.

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Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 1900–1300 BCE)

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Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 1900–1300 BCE)

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In 1900 BCE, the Indus Valley Civilization began to decline. Experts and historians believe that this was caused by climate change and the drying up of the Saraswati River. While this is a good theory, others think that the disappearance and decline of the civilization was due to a flood. Either way, the base cause ends up being climate change.

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It is widely believed that settlers from the north migrated to India and the Indus Valley between 1800-and 1500 BCE. Most people in these groups spoke Indo-European languages and were named Aryans, which roughly translates to 'Noble People' in the language of Sanskrit. These Aryans began the transformation of weapons, religion, and language of the Ancient Indus.

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Composition of the Vedas (c. 1500–500 BCE)

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Composition of the Vedas (c. 1500–500 BCE)

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Sometime around 1500 and 800 BCE, four major texts were composed by the Vedas: the Rigveda, the Samaveda, the Yagurveda, and the Atharvaveda. Between these four texts, the Rigveda is believed to be the earliest composed. For each Veda, there are four subdivisions which are comprised of the Samhitas, the Brahmanas, The Aranyakas, and the Upanishads. The Samhitas are the mantras and benedictions(blessings you speak upon another), the Brahmas are commentaries on and the explanation of rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices, the Aranyakas are texts on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices, and symbolic sacrifices, and the Upanishads are texts discussing meditation, philosophy, and spiritual knowledge.

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Composition of the Vedas (c. 1500–500 BCE)

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Emergence of the Mahajanapadas (c. 600 BCE)

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Emergence of the Mahajanapadas (c. 600 BCE)

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The emergence of the Mahajanapadas is likely closely linked to the development of eastern Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar in 600-300 BCE. During this time, agriculture flourished because of fertile land and the production of iron also increased because of the availability of iron ore in many quantities. The Mahajanapadas were the ancient Indian kingdoms and republics that emerged following the consolidation of various janapadas that were established in the Later Vedic period.

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Siddharta Gautama, who is better known as Buddha, lived from 563 to 483 BCE. According to legend, he was a Hindu prince who chose to renounce his status and riches to be free to seek truth and enlightenment as a spiritual ascetic. He managed to attain his goal, and in the practice of preaching his path to others, he founded Buddhism in India between the years of 600-400 BCE. He managed this journey with great self-discipline and abstention from forms of indulgence.

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(ALL GREEN IS LILY) Life of Mahavira (599-527 BCE)

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(ALL GREEN IS LILY) Life of Mahavira (599-527 BCE)

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Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara (supreme preacher) of Jainism. Mahavira was born in the early 6th century BCE. He was born into a royal family of Ancient India. Mahavira was a preacher for around 30 years. Mahavira taught the importance of non-violence, non-stealing, truth, chastity, and non-attachment that are necessary for spiritual liberation.

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Magadha Empire was one of the biggest empires lasting from 600-300 BCE. It played an important role in building Jainism and Buddhism. When Magadha was under the Gupta Empire it came to be one of the most prosperous kingdoms.

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The reign of King Bimbisara (543-492 BCE)

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The reign of King Bimbisara (543-492 BCE)

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king Bimbisara was the ruler of Magadha. He was part of the Haryanka Dynasty. According to Jain tradition he was the first supreme preacher. He was known for his cultural achievements and was a protector and friend of Buddha. He had 3 wives over his reign. And was assassinated by his son, Ajatashatru, so that he could take the throne.

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Alexander the Great's INVASION!! (326 BCE)

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Alexander the Great's INVASION!! (326 BCE)

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Alexander invaded India 326 BCE, enlarging the Macedonian Empire. When invading the land of Punjab they were confronted by the Indian king, Porus. Alexander killed Porus. But this was their most costly battle. The invaded Nanda Empire, in Magadha. Eventually Alexander's troups got tired and homesick so they refused to move forward. So he turned back but conquered more tribes on the way to Macedon.

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Maurya Empire was the first Pan-Indian empire. As Alexander's control of land started to go downhill, Chandragupta Maurya, the first leader of Maurya Empire, started taking land. When Alexander died he took the advantage and overthrew the power in Magadha. He took control and created the Maurya Empire. He took control and became the leader creating allies from force.

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Ashoka was the ruler of Magadha, from 268-232 B.C.E. He was the third ruler of the Mauryan Dynasty. He had an important role in spreading Buddhism across India. He conquered Kalinga after a horrible war. His empire was very big spreading across a lot of India. He was one of the most famous rulers of India.

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The Third Buddhist Council was held by Asoka at his capitol, Pāṭaliputra. The Third Buddhist Council 236 years after the Buddha’s passing. This happened in King Asoka's 17th year of rule when he was 72 years old. Asoka used his vast wealth to build countless stupas, temples and viharas throughout India and provided generous support to the Sangha.

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Disintegration of the Maurya Empire (c. 185 BCE)

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Disintegration of the Maurya Empire (c. 185 BCE)

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After Ashoka's death the empire grew smaller because of invasions, defections, by southern princes and quarrels over ascension. The last ruler Brihadratha was killed by his Brahman commander in chief, Pushyamitra in 185 BCE, , who then founded the Shunga dynasty, which ruled in central India for about a century.

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The society during this period was composed of several small kingdoms. They were ruled by the kings and/or chieftains. The kings had all the power and were considered divine rulers. The kingdoms were different sizes and were almost always at war with each other. The kings had a council of ministers who would help them administrate.

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Rise of the Kushan Empire (c. 1st-3rd Century CE)

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Rise of the Kushan Empire (c. 1st-3rd Century CE)

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The prince of Guishuang, named Thilac ttacked and exterminated the four other xihou. He crowned himself king and took over. He took over many city-states and ruled them until he died at age eighty. He also had 2 sons.

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Kanishka´s mother was a princess from the Parthian Empire. Kanishka's reign began in 127 CE. He expanded the Kushan Empire to its greatest extent. Kanishka was a great patron of Buddhism. He built many Buddhist stupas and monasteries.

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Establishment of the Gupta Empire (c. 320 CE)

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Establishment of the Gupta Empire (c. 320 CE)

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The gupta empire was founded by Maharaja Sri Gupta. The Gupta empire expanded through war. Although it created a period of peace and prosperity.

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Reign of Chandragupta II (c. 380–415 CE)

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Reign of Chandragupta II (c. 380–415 CE)

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Chandragupta II, also named Vikramaditya or Chandragupta Vikramaditya, was the son of Samudragupta and Datta Devi. According to some historical records Chandragupta was a strong, vigorous ruler. It was through marriage alliances that Gupta dynasty reached its peak by expanding territories during the reign of Vikramaditya.